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Climate change and migration 2012, para. 92
- Paragraph text
- In this context, States must collectively recognize that migration is part of the solution to global environmental challenges, and planned and facilitated migration policies are legitimate coping mechanisms that may ease individuals, groups and communities out of situations of vulnerability. Moreover, States should recognize that territorial sovereignty should never be a permanent obstacle to migration when it has been determined that international migration is an appropriate coping mechanism.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Irregular migration and criminalization of migrants, protection of children in the migration process and the right to housing and health of migrants 2011, para. 79
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur has proposed a few possible themes to be further developed and highlighted the relevance of these issues to the mandate, taking into account a human rights perspective. These two issues, migration in the context of climate change and political participation and civil rights of migrants, are gaining interest and momentum. Further discussion on these themes would allow the mandate to present innovative approaches to these aspects involving migration and they underscore the need for a human rights perspective in global discussions among stakeholders.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Banking on mobility over a generation: follow-up to the regional study on the management of the external borders of the European Union and its impact on the human rights of migrants 2015, para. 85
- Paragraph text
- The events in the Mediterranean Sea and the mirroring of this suffering across each stage of the migratory process within the past two years have clearly shown that the status quo in relation to the European Union's approach to border control, asylum and migration is not sustainable. The ability of migrants to reach European soil despite a huge investment in securing borders demonstrates beyond a doubt that sealing international borders is impossible. Migration is a long-standing part of the human condition and, in the globalized and conflict-ridden world in which we live, it is inevitable.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Climate change and migration 2012, para. 93b
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur thus notes that coordinated international cooperation on climate-change-induced migration will be required in order to devise appropriate responses to the needs of affected populations. With a view to assisting States in the development of appropriate responses, the Special Rapporteur makes the following recommendations:] Considering the difficulty of obtaining reliable data on climate-change-induced migration, States, and especially States with economic means, should provide more support for research on climate-change-induced migration, including on the definition of such migration, and the production of reliable disaggregated statistical data, that would allow policymakers at all levels of governance to identify the populations most at risk of climate-change-induced displacement and develop strategies to alleviate their vulnerability;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Climate change and migration 2012, para. 93c
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur thus notes that coordinated international cooperation on climate-change-induced migration will be required in order to devise appropriate responses to the needs of affected populations. With a view to assisting States in the development of appropriate responses, the Special Rapporteur makes the following recommendations:] In their assessment and planning programmes for devising mitigation and adaptation strategies in order to cope with climate change, States must identify the priority vulnerable populations who are susceptible to migrate internally or internationally for causes at least partly related to climate change, as well as those who should migrate but are not able to do so, and identify their specific needs;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Banking on mobility over a generation: follow-up to the regional study on the management of the external borders of the European Union and its impact on the human rights of migrants 2015, para. 136
- Paragraph text
- [Recommendations to specific European Union institutions] [To the European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights] Continue its vital work in developing the evidence base related to key migration and human rights issues, including border management, integration and access to justice. Raise the profile of these issues and report on key challenges.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Climate change and migration 2012, para. 93e
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur thus notes that coordinated international cooperation on climate-change-induced migration will be required in order to devise appropriate responses to the needs of affected populations. With a view to assisting States in the development of appropriate responses, the Special Rapporteur makes the following recommendations:] States should devise and implement local and national migration policies and strategies to facilitate internal climate-change-induced migration, where needed, including through building urban infrastructure that is sustainable, flexible and inclusive in order to accommodate internal migrants. Such policies and strategies should fully respect their domestic laws and obligations under international human rights norms and standards, including the political participation of vulnerable populations, as well as means of redress available to migrants against human rights violations;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Climate change and migration 2012, para. 93g
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur thus notes that coordinated international cooperation on climate-change-induced migration will be required in order to devise appropriate responses to the needs of affected populations. With a view to assisting States in the development of appropriate responses, the Special Rapporteur makes the following recommendations:] Regional intergovernmental organizations, international organizations and international financial institutions should support, facilitate and, where necessary, initiate, the negotiation of such agreements, through political leadership, financial assistance and technical support.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Climate change and migration 2012, para. 93d
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur thus notes that coordinated international cooperation on climate-change-induced migration will be required in order to devise appropriate responses to the needs of affected populations. With a view to assisting States in the development of appropriate responses, the Special Rapporteur makes the following recommendations:] States should support civil society organizations that give a voice to such vulnerable populations, including migrants or potential migrants, with a view to ensuring their meaningful participation in all the deliberations regarding their future as citizens and/or migrants;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Climate change and migration 2012, para. 90
- Paragraph text
- The global climate is already changing, and will continue to do so. The related impacts of these transformations, while not able to be precisely predicted, will certainly be far reaching, and have an impact on a wide range of human rights. In particular, climate change has significant implications regarding migration patterns and movements.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Climate change and migration 2012, para. 93f
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur thus notes that coordinated international cooperation on climate-change-induced migration will be required in order to devise appropriate responses to the needs of affected populations. With a view to assisting States in the development of appropriate responses, the Special Rapporteur makes the following recommendations:] States should devise and implement regional migration policies and strategies to facilitate international climate-change-induced migration, where needed, including through the negotiation, conclusion and implementation of regional migration agreements. Such policies and strategies should be elaborated by all States concerned within the region, with the support and assistance of donor States. Such policies and strategies should also be elaborated with the support and collaboration of regional intergovernmental organizations, international organizations, international financial institutions, international NGOs and civil society organizations. Such policies and strategies should fully respect the international and regional human rights frameworks, including appropriate human rights guarantees for all migrants, the political participation of the vulnerable populations concerned in all decisions regarding their migration, as well as means of redress available to all migrants against human rights violations;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Banking on mobility over a generation: follow-up to the regional study on the management of the external borders of the European Union and its impact on the human rights of migrants 2015, para. 130
- Paragraph text
- [Recommendations to specific European Union institutions] [To FRONTEX] Ensure that Operation Triton upholds international standards in relation to protection at sea and that the full transition from Operation Mare Nostrum does not result in the avoidable loss of life of migrants in the Mediterranean Sea.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Recruitment practices and the human rights of migrants 2015, para. Chapter V. A.
- Paragraph text
- [Overall migration policies and recognition of the push factors] In further recognition of migration push factors, invest in sufficient social protection systems in countries of origin to ensure that poverty, and/or economic or environmental shocks do not force people into precarious labour migration
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Environment
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Banking on mobility over a generation: follow-up to the regional study on the management of the external borders of the European Union and its impact on the human rights of migrants 2015, para. 98
- Paragraph text
- [To the European Union and its member States] Fully recognize the push and pull factors of irregular migration, including that undertaken by sea, and the European Union's responsibility in managing and mitigating them.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Climate change and migration 2012, para. 93a
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur thus notes that coordinated international cooperation on climate-change-induced migration will be required in order to devise appropriate responses to the needs of affected populations. With a view to assisting States in the development of appropriate responses, the Special Rapporteur makes the following recommendations:] States should work together to reduce climate change by cooperating to reduce global warming by committing to reduce greenhouse gases, including through identifying clear targets through commitments within the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Banking on mobility over a generation: follow-up to the regional study on the management of the external borders of the European Union and its impact on the human rights of migrants 2015, para. 86
- Paragraph text
- The costs of denying this reality are huge. Most significantly, the human costs continue to grow. There are no signs that the push and pull factors influencing migratory patterns will change and the many grave associated human rights abuses will decrease. In addition to the human costs, the huge investment of resources by the European Union and its member States into ineffective and paradoxical border control mechanisms could be spent in many other ways.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
The human rights of migrants on a 2035 agenda for facilitating human mobility 2017, para. Indicator (j)
- Paragraph text
- [Ensure respect for human rights at border controls, including return, readmission and post-return monitoring, and establish accountability mechanisms] Collection and analysis of disaggregated data on all aspects of border management, including return of migrants.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2017
- Paragraph type
- Goal
Paragraph
The human rights of migrants on a 2035 agenda for facilitating human mobility 2017, para. Target 3.7.
- Paragraph text
- [Ensure respect for human rights at border controls, including return, readmission and post-return monitoring, and establish accountability mechanisms] Develop and implement gender- and age-sensitive guidelines to protect migrants in precarious situations
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Gender
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2017
- Paragraph type
- Goal
Paragraph
Irregular migration and criminalization of migrants, protection of children in the migration process and the right to housing and health of migrants 2011, para. 60
- Paragraph text
- Given the current gaps, the Special Rapporteur suggests that more attention be placed on identifying and discussing new frameworks for managing potential movements. Attention could be given to both aspects of the environment and migration nexus: (a) identifying adaptation strategies that enable people to remain where they currently live and work; (b) identifying resettlement strategies that protect people's lives and livelihoods when they are unable to remain; and (c) maintaining and reinforcing a human-rights based approach designed to protect the rights of migrants. Although most migration is likely to be internal, the potential scale of movements will necessitate coordinated action in support of the affected countries. International cooperation in mitigating harmful migration while planning for movements that will be an essential component of adaptation strategies will help ensure the protection of those who will be most affected by environmental change.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Irregular migration and criminalization of migrants, protection of children in the migration process and the right to housing and health of migrants 2011, para. 61
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur also recalls that there are still wide gaps in the information available to policy makers. These gaps exist in content (how and when environmental changes become a primary driver of migration), scale and methodology (studies and methods for interdisciplinary analysis), and frameworks for appropriate migration management strategies. Little research capital has been invested in broad-scale environment-migration studies. The lack of statistically relevant data at the national or regional levels shows constraints in the design of policies that could build resilience and promote adaptation among vulnerable communities. Investing in the development of both short and long-term research, data collection, and monitoring projects could help close these gaps. Promoting inter-agency and interdisciplinary data collection and data sharing could strengthen the capability of Governments to observe and analyze migration patterns. Allowing researchers better access to official data could also enhance study results.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Climate change and migration 2012, para. 26
- Paragraph text
- Beyond the work of OHCHR, the United Nations system as a whole is also increasingly focusing on the intersection of climate change and environmental policy and migration. The Global Migration Group, a collective of 18 United Nations agencies, the World Bank and the International Organization for Migration (IOM), was created in 2006 in recognition that migration is a complex and multidimensional issue that requires a coherent and coordinated approach from the international community (see http://www.globalmigrationgroup.org). The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) as the Chair of the Global Migration Group in the second half of 2011, focused its statement on the relationship between climate change and migration.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Climate change and migration 2012, para. 33
- Paragraph text
- Further difficulties in defining the climate-change-induced migrant are compounded by the fact that climate change may induce a range of migration patterns. Climate change may induce temporary, circular and permanent migration movements, which may be multidirectional, or episodic. Persons affected may move internally or internationally, spontaneously or in an organized and planned manner, and may range on a wide continuum between forced and voluntary migrations. Future predictions remain problematic: while research may suggest some ways in which climate change may affect migratory patterns, it is difficult to predict future movements accurately if only because of the decisive role of individual human agency, as migration is always also an individual trajectory and never simply a mass displacement. Moreover, the success, or lack thereof, of future mitigation and adaptation strategies, including the development of new technologies which may or may not ameliorate the situation of those most affected by the effects of climate change, are impossible to know. Furthermore, it is impossible to forecast the impact of future extreme environmental events, including their regularity or force.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Climate change and migration 2012, para. 36
- Paragraph text
- Within societies, specific groups may be more vulnerable to the effects of climate change than others. Economically disadvantaged communities can be especially vulnerable, in particular those concentrated in high-risk areas, as those societies may be highly dependent on the environment for their livelihood. Other determinants play a key role, including personal characteristics such as age, gender, wealth or disability. Moreover, the Special Rapporteur recognizes that in general, people migrating through a lack of choice as a consequence of climate change are more likely to be moving in an irregular situation and are therefore more vulnerable to human rights violations through the course of their migration.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Equality & Inclusion
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Climate change and migration 2012, para. 55
- Paragraph text
- Under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, civil and political rights must first, as a rule, be recognized by a State to "all individuals within its territory and subject to its jurisdiction without distinction" (art. 2). The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights further guarantees social, economic and cultural rights for all without discrimination. In this context, these Covenants ensure the applicability of fundamental rights for migrants, including the right to life, among other basic rights, including the right to an adequate standard of living and health. In particular, the Special Rapporteur notes that the well-established principles of non-discrimination established in both treaties may require States to develop specific policies and programmes, taking into account the particular circumstances and needs of climate-change-induced migrants.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Climate change and migration 2012, para. 57
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur notes further the obligation to provide humanitarian relief to persons affected by climate change. Such assistance should support environmentally induced migrants around the time of their displacement and may take different forms, either as an emergency response to a sudden disaster, or planned in advance to accompany steady movements of migrants or to assist resettlement. Humanitarian relief should aim at ensuring the most basic rights of environmentally induced migrants, be premised on human rights principles and pay due regard to the fundamental principles of non-discrimination, participation, empowerment and accountability.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Climate change and migration 2012, para. 58
- Paragraph text
- In the context of internal displacement, the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement also provide a strong legal framework and restate relevant hard law, such as the Operational Guidelines on the Protection of Persons in Situations of Natural Disasters and the Framework on Durable Solutions for Internally Displaced Persons. In this regard, the Special Rapporteur refers to the report of the Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons (A/66/285), which analysed in detail the applicability of those principles in relation to climate-change-induced internal displacement.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Climate change and migration 2012, para. 79
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur further observes that, beyond those States affected by climate-change-induced migration, whether States of origin, transit or destination, all States have the international responsibility to protect the human rights of foreign populations whose State is unable to do so. Respecting the basic human rights of climate-change-induced migrants should be considered as a basic tenet of international cooperation, defined by the purposes of the United Nations in Article 1 (3) of the Charter. In this regard, the existing human rights legal framework provides important protections to migrants, including through the monitoring and standard-setting functions of human rights mechanisms.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Climate change and migration 2012, para. 65
- Paragraph text
- Thus, the phenomenon of climate-change-induced migration may require rethinking of the human rights categories afforded to migrants and the development of eventual protection mechanisms for persons on the move. The Special Rapporteur remains aware, however, that it may not necessarily be ideal to single out those migrants who move for environmental reasons. Over and above the aforementioned difficulties of proving causality, there are many other categories of vulnerable migrants who also need protection. Rather, the Special Rapporteur encourages the development of coherent policies regarding the rights of all migrants, which takes into account the myriad circumstances which lead people to migrate, including the need for human rights protections, in particular for those who are "induced" or "forced" to migrate.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Human rights of migrants in the post-2015 development agenda 2014, para. 27
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur would like to strongly emphasize, however, that migration is first and foremost about human beings who are rights holders exercising their personal freedom to move and whose dignity can be defined by how much they are allowed to exercise options in defining their own future and that of their family, without being only constrained by status and circumstances. It is therefore crucial to facilitate mobility while effectively promoting and protecting the human rights of migrants within well-governed migration processes. Development is no longer defined only from an economic lens, given that sustainable development includes economic, environmental and social dimensions. All subjects of development, including migrants, should equally enjoy their human rights. Unfortunately, the reality is that many migrants continue to live and work in precarious and inequitable conditions.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Equality & Inclusion
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2014
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Human rights of migrants in the post-2015 development agenda 2014, para. 96l
- Paragraph text
- [Indicators for such a target should include:] Reduction of the human cost of migration, including loss of lives and violations of human rights;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2014
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph