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Embrace diversity and energize humanity 2017, para. 59g
- Paragraph text
- States should reform the laws, policies and practices which criminalize consensual same-sex relations, laws that criminalize transgender persons in relation to gender identity and its expression and other vague laws used to arbitrarily detain and harass LGBT persons. Pending reform, the preferred policy is to desist from applying such negative laws and policies. That is only an interim measure and is not a substitute for the needed reform, which should be undertaken efficaciously, guided by international human rights law. States should also take stock of other laws, policies and practices which may have a negative impact on people based on their sexual orientation and gender identity, such as laws on public decency/morality and local practices, coupled with relevant reform to reflect international standards;
- Body
- Independent Expert on protection against violence and discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- LGBTQI+
- Year
- 2017
Paragraph
Embrace diversity and energize humanity 2017, para. 59f
- Paragraph text
- The role of United Nations bodies, including the Office of the United Nations Commissioner for Human Rights and the General Assembly, is pivotal in raising the issue of violence and discrimination and in addressing it through integrated measures, with due regard to the recommendations from the United Nations human rights mechanisms, including the Independent Expert, as an impetus for follow-up action. The work of the Office and United Nations human rights presences is important and needs to be bolstered in countries and regions where there are major gaps in human rights protection. That work should be complemented by the catalytic role of United Nations country teams and inter-agency cooperation to help to ensure integration of issues relating to sexual orientation and gender identity into programming and practices;
- Body
- Independent Expert on protection against violence and discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- LGBTQI+
- Year
- 2017
Paragraph
Embrace diversity and energize humanity 2017, para. 59e
- Paragraph text
- The work of human rights defenders and the much needed space for civil society, including non-governmental organizations and lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex groups and persons, calls for more effective safeguards from States against incursions and reprisals from those protagonists, whether State or non-State actors, which act inconsistently with international human rights standards. Cooperation with a multiplicity of actors, including the business sector, the medical/scientific sector, religious and faith groups and the media, including social networks, should be fostered on the basis of international human rights law;
- Body
- Independent Expert on protection against violence and discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Activists
- LGBTQI+
- Year
- 2017
Paragraph
Embrace diversity and energize humanity 2017, para. 59a
- Paragraph text
- States are encouraged to ratify the core international human rights treaties (if they have not yet done so) and to implement them fully, including in regard to respect for sexual orientation and gender identity, in cooperation with other partners. States are urged to follow up the various recommendations under the universal periodic review and from the United Nations treaty bodies and special procedures effectively to ensure improved protection from violence and discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity;
- Body
- Independent Expert on protection against violence and discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Person(s) affected
- LGBTQI+
- Year
- 2017
Paragraph
Embrace diversity and energize humanity 2017, para. 57
- Paragraph text
- In regard to the first underpinning, it is most disconcerting that a number of countries criminalize consensual same-sex relations as well as gender identity and its expression. As identified by the Independent Expert, constructive changes are possible, and checks and balances at the national level, together with the role of civil society, non-governmental organizations and national human rights institutions, help to energize the path to reform and compliance with international standards.
- Body
- Independent Expert on protection against violence and discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Person(s) affected
- LGBTQI+
- Year
- 2017
Paragraph
Embrace diversity and energize humanity 2017, para. 56
- Paragraph text
- Two of the various underpinnings introduced in the Independent Expert’s first report are singled out for particular attention to help to prevent and overcome violence and discrimination: namely, decriminalization of same-sex relations and gender identity and expression; and effective anti-discrimination measures. The future reports of the Independent Expert, in 2018, will delve into the issues of legal recognition of gender identity; destigmatization linked with depathologization; socio-cultural inclusion; and promotion of education and empathy.
- Body
- Independent Expert on protection against violence and discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- LGBTQI+
- Year
- 2017
Paragraph
Embrace diversity and energize humanity 2017, para. 54
- Paragraph text
- The Independent Expert recognizes that participation by LGBTI groups in a variety of professions and positions can also generate role models which can help to overcome stereotypes and prejudices. Countries could consider, for example, how many LGBTI persons have access to employment opportunities, such as in the judiciary and the police, which could be part of the economic and social dividend. Specifically, how many transgender judges have been appointed?
- Body
- Independent Expert on protection against violence and discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- LGBTQI+
- Year
- 2017
Paragraph
Embrace diversity and energize humanity 2017, para. 53p
- Paragraph text
- A non-governmental organization source from the United Kingdom recalled the advent of the same-sex marriage law in the country and the Equality Act. However, the mission of the latter is incomplete; the source stated that the use of the term “gender reassignment” in the Act was proving problematic, and that many people thought trans identity implied a binary surgical transition, which the Act’s definition also implies. Transgender persons’ vulnerability to discrimination and right to equality does not and should not, depend on medical transition;
- Body
- Independent Expert on protection against violence and discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- LGBTQI+
- Year
- 2017
Paragraph
Embrace diversity and energize humanity 2017, para. 53o
- Paragraph text
- A non-governmental organization from Peru observed that the Constitutional Tribunal in 2016 helped to resolve the situation of transgender persons by underlining that it is not a pathological condition and that human rights must be respected on the basis of equality for all and without discrimination;
- Body
- Independent Expert on protection against violence and discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Person(s) affected
- LGBTQI+
- Year
- 2017
Paragraph
Embrace diversity and energize humanity 2017, para. 53n
- Paragraph text
- A non-governmental organization noted that the law on violence against women in Colombia 2008 covers violence against lesbian and bisexual women. There is also intersectionality with conflict and land restitution issues and action against racism. In Latin America, the legalization of civil unions and/or marriage is also a constructive sign of the times; same-sex marriage is legal in a large number of countries, including Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Mexico and Uruguay;
- Body
- Independent Expert on protection against violence and discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- LGBTQI+
- Women
- Year
- 2017
Paragraph
Embrace diversity and energize humanity 2017, para. 53m
- Paragraph text
- A non-governmental organization from India highlighted the key role of the courts in relation to sexual orientation and gender identity, reporting National Legal Services Authority v. Union of India (NALSA), a landmark decision (on respect for gender identity) by the Supreme Court on 15 April 2014; it came at an extremely adverse time for the community, which was still reeling from the disappointing Kumar Kaushal v. Naz Foundation judgment by the same court, which upheld section 377 (criminalizing same-sex relations). The NALSA decision became a critical instrument for the fundamental and constitutional rights of the community to remain within the legal discourse;
- Body
- Independent Expert on protection against violence and discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Person(s) affected
- LGBTQI+
- Year
- 2017
Paragraph
Embrace diversity and energize humanity 2017, para. 53l
- Paragraph text
- While noting the criminal law impacting sexual orientation, a non-governmental source in Pakistan illustrated the varying context in the country, with measures from the authorities relating to gender identity, including the formation of a national task force by the federal ombudsman and a protection policy for transgender and intersex persons being drafted by the National Commission for Human Rights in cooperation with the transgender community;
- Body
- Independent Expert on protection against violence and discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- LGBTQI+
- Year
- 2017
Paragraph
Embrace diversity and energize humanity 2017, para. 53k
- Paragraph text
- A source indicated that, in Ukraine, proposals to introduce laws in the form of the so-called “homosexuality anti-propaganda law” and based on “traditional family values” were withdrawn in 2015, and the legal framework has become more supportive of sexual orientation and gender identity;
- Body
- Independent Expert on protection against violence and discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Person(s) affected
- Families
- LGBTQI+
- Year
- 2017
Paragraph
Embrace diversity and energize humanity 2017, para. 53i
- Paragraph text
- In stating that same-sex relations are not criminalized in the country, Slovakia observed that the Constitution regulates the principle of equal treatment for all and there is also a national strategy for human rights promotion. Slovenia cited the new Protection against Discrimination Act 2016 which covers, inter alia, sexual orientation, sexual identity or sexual expression. Sexual orientation is also reflected in the Employment Relationship Act. Poland called attention to both the civil law and criminal law. There is an anti-discrimination act of 2010 which covers sexual orientation, while the penal code covers incitement to hatred and violence, encompassing sexual orientation and gender identity. This is paralleled by labour legislation, a national programme for equal treatment and data collection;
- Body
- Independent Expert on protection against violence and discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- LGBTQI+
- Year
- 2017
Paragraph
Embrace diversity and energize humanity 2017, para. 53h
- Paragraph text
- Switzerland stated that its Constitution has an anti-discrimination provision covering all forms of discrimination, including sexual orientation and gender identity. Civil partnership has been recognized since 2007. Revision of the adoption law in 2016 opens the door to stepchild adoption for same-sex couples. Change of name is also possible in this regard;
- Body
- Independent Expert on protection against violence and discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- LGBTQI+
- Year
- 2017
Paragraph
Embrace diversity and energize humanity 2017, para. 53g
- Paragraph text
- Greece noted that anti-discrimination measures include criminal sanctions in the case of hate crimes and hate speech in relation to sexual orientation and gender identity. This is now complemented by a new law recognizing civil partnership for same-sex couples, and the abolishment of article 347 of the criminal code, which provided a higher age of consent for male homosexual acts;
- Body
- Independent Expert on protection against violence and discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Person(s) affected
- LGBTQI+
- Year
- 2017
Paragraph
Embrace diversity and energize humanity 2017, para. 53f
- Paragraph text
- Germany has an anti-discrimination law covering sexual orientation and gender identity. There is emphasis on implementing the criminal law against hate crimes based on sexual orientation. It is now drafting its national plan against racism which will also cover the issue of transphobia and homophobia. It is complemented by a new law to give compensation to those who were punished for consensual same-sex relations under the Third Reich;
- Body
- Independent Expert on protection against violence and discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- LGBTQI+
- Year
- 2017
Paragraph
Embrace diversity and energize humanity 2017, para. 53e
- Paragraph text
- The National Human Rights Commission of Mexico indicated that hate crimes related to sexual orientation and gender identity are considered aggravating circumstances which can give rise to more severe penalties. Issues relating to sexual orientation and gender identity might also be covered by its law on violence against women. The country also has various protocols to help guide the authorities on how to deal with sexual orientation and gender identity situations in an empathetic manner, such as the protocol for judicial operators, including judges and prosecutors, issued by the Supreme Court on this topic;
- Body
- Independent Expert on protection against violence and discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Person(s) affected
- LGBTQI+
- Women
- Year
- 2017
Paragraph
Embrace diversity and energize humanity 2017, para. 53d
- Paragraph text
- The Ombudsman of the Plurinational State of Bolivia noted both constitutional provisions on sexual orientation and gender identity as well as range of local by-laws on this front. By contrast, the Equal Opportunities Commission of Hong Kong, China, observes that there is currently no comprehensive anti-discrimination legislation on the grounds of sexual orientation, gender identity and intersex status to ensure legal protection against discrimination for LGBTI persons;
- Body
- Independent Expert on protection against violence and discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- LGBTQI+
- Year
- 2017
Paragraph
Embrace diversity and energize humanity 2017, para. 53b
- Paragraph text
- The legal infrastructure of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland illustrates the range of possibilities. The 2003 Employment Equality (Sexual Orientation) Regulations prohibited discrimination in employment in relation to sexual orientation. Its 2007 Equality Act (Sexual Orientation) Regulations prohibited discrimination on grounds of sexual orientation in the provision of goods, facilities and services, education, housing and public functions. The 2010 Equality Act then included more generally “sexual orientation” among the protected characteristics;
- Body
- Independent Expert on protection against violence and discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- LGBTQI+
- Year
- 2017
Paragraph
Embrace diversity and energize humanity 2017, para. 53a
- Paragraph text
- In Sweden, the Discrimination Act prohibits discrimination in relation to sexual orientation and gender identity (and other grounds). There is an equality ombudsman to monitor implementation of the law and various criminal law provisions against homophobic speech and discriminatory statements. If the motive for the offence is related to sexual orientation and gender identity, this is an aggravating circumstance for more severe sanctions. New legislation is being discussed for stronger protection for transgender persons in relation to hate speech and hate crime, as well the issue of privacy;
- Body
- Independent Expert on protection against violence and discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- LGBTQI+
- Year
- 2017
Paragraph
Embrace diversity and energize humanity 2017, para. 52
- Paragraph text
- Despite significant advances, important gaps remain, in particular when it comes to measures aimed at protecting discrimination based on gender identity and expression, as illustrated by the fact that fewer than half of the countries which offer legal protection from discrimination explicitly include transgender identities as grounds for discrimination. In addition, only a few States prohibit discrimination in all spheres of life; some legislation fails to cover the private sector; and other laws are not properly enforced.
- Body
- Independent Expert on protection against violence and discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Person(s) affected
- LGBTQI+
- Year
- 2017
Paragraph
Embrace diversity and energize humanity 2017, para. 51
- Paragraph text
- Positive developments can be seen in several countries in regard to the adoption of laws and other measures integrating sexual orientation and gender identity as part and parcel of the right to be free from discrimination and the right to equality before the law. Anti-discrimination laws come in various shapes and sizes. For instance, sexual orientation and gender identity might be integrated directly into the constitution, as in the reform of the Constitution in 2008 in Ecuador. South Africa was the first country globally to include protection against discrimination in relation to sexual orientation in its Constitution in 1996, while Fiji was the first country to explicitly incorporate sexual orientation, gender identity and gender expression as protected characteristics in its Constitution in 2013. To date, the constitutions of the Plurinational State of Bolivia and Malta are the only two to explicitly include both sexual orientation and gender identity as non-discrimination grounds. There might be a general law on non-discrimination, such as Thailand’s gender equality law, which incorporates the notion of “sex expression” to cover gender identity and related expression. Alternatively, there could be even more specific laws with provisions providing sexual orientation and gender identity protection in key contexts, such as employment, education, health care, housing, provision of goods and services, inheritance, recognition of relationships and family law or immigration. To be effective, anti-discrimination frameworks should provide for effective measures to investigate alleged violations, redress for victims and accountability for alleged perpetrators.
- Body
- Independent Expert on protection against violence and discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- LGBTQI+
- Year
- 2017
Paragraph
Embrace diversity and energize humanity 2017, para. 48
- Paragraph text
- In regard to criminal laws on cross-dressing and other laws with a negative impact on the human rights of transgender persons, a non-governmental submission provided much insight, pointing out that criminalization heavily impacted transgender and gender diverse people. They welcomed the reference in the first report to criminalization of so-called “cross-dressing”. However, there are many other types of gender identity and expression-based criminalization, including “impersonation” provisions as well as inconsistent or unjust implementation of laws on beggary, HIV, sex work, nuisance and loitering in ways that are punitive to transgender persons, most especially toward transgender women. In countries with mandatory military conscription, transgender women who have not been able to change their gender markers and transgender men may face legal or economic consequences in that context. Transgender people may in fact be affected by laws criminalizing same-sex relations, whether or not they are in such a relationship. In many countries, transgender women are perceived as men and transgender men are perceived as women, therefore, a transgender woman with a male partner or a transgender man with a female partner is also included within the criminalization of same-sex conduct. Additionally, there are gay, lesbian, and bisexual transgender persons, who are also targets of those laws and policies. Furthermore, transgender persons are often targeted because of their gender expression, as it is commonly used to assume a person’s sexual orientation.
- Body
- Independent Expert on protection against violence and discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Person(s) affected
- LGBTQI+
- Women
- Year
- 2017
Paragraph
Embrace diversity and energize humanity 2017, para. 47
- Paragraph text
- In Kenya, civil society organizations have made a number of recommendations to the authorities, inter alia: the immediate repeal of sections 162(a) and (c) and 165 of the penal code; the introduction of legislation to criminalize hate speech and incitement to violence on grounds of sexual orientation and gender identity, and expression; An immediate ban on forced anal examinations; and prosecution to the full extent of the law of all persons suspected of committing acts of violence, including incitement to violence, on grounds of sexual orientation, gender identity and expression.
- Body
- Independent Expert on protection against violence and discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Gender
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- LGBTQI+
- Year
- 2017
Paragraph
Embrace diversity and energize humanity 2017, para. 46
- Paragraph text
- With regard to Africa, in recognizing that some 33 countries criminalize same-sex relations, out of 54, with many of the negative laws on this front a result of the remnants of colonization, constructive developments should also be identified. In the interim South African Constitution, sections 9(1) and 9(3) make express reference to sexual orientation as a protected ground for non-discrimination. In the famous case of S v. Kampher, Justice Ian Farlam nullified the conviction of a man who had confessed to having consensual sex with another man. Immediately after that, the Constitutional Court in National Coalition for Gays and Lesbian Equality and another v. Minister for Justice and others held that the South African “sodomy” laws were unconstitutional. In decriminalizing sodomy laws, the Court stated that prohibiting sexual conduct between gay men violated the right to equality. Other positive developments in Africa worth noting include the reform of the Cape Verde penal code of 2004, which eliminated offences related to same-sex activity and the decriminalization of homosexuality in Sao Tome and Principe in 2014. On a particularly positive note, a number of African countries have introduced legislation to explicitly outlaw discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation or they have removed discriminatory provisions of existing employment legislation, including Seychelles in 2006, Mozambique in 2007, Mauritius in 2008 and Botswana in 2010. Several sub-Saharan African countries had never criminalized same-sex sexual activities between adults, including Burkina Faso, the Central African Republic, the Congo, Côte d’Ivoire, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Gabon, Madagascar, Mali, the Niger and Rwanda.
- Body
- Independent Expert on protection against violence and discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- LGBTQI+
- Year
- 2017
Paragraph
Embrace diversity and energize humanity 2017, para. 45
- Paragraph text
- In their submissions to the Independent Expert, civil society organizations have also highlighted important advances and remaining challenges. A non-governmental organization submitting information on China noted that the old “hooligan crime”, which had had an impact on same-sex relations between men, had now been reformed, while gender identities were not criminalized in the country. There remained issues of implementation, for example, in the employment sector, particularly in relation to transgender persons.
- Body
- Independent Expert on protection against violence and discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Gender
- Person(s) affected
- LGBTQI+
- Men
- Year
- 2017
Paragraph
Embrace diversity and energize humanity 2017, para. 44
- Paragraph text
- The national human rights institution of Cyprus observed that consensual same-sex relations were decriminalized in 1998. They remarked that society was still conservative on sexual orientation and gender identity, but stated that, following systemic reports of the institution but also interventions on individual complaints and participation in the respective discussions in the parliament, positive developments had taken place in significant key areas. They included the legal recognition of same-sex relationships (Civil Union Law of 2015); the penalization of homophobic and transphobic hate speech (Law 87(I) 2015 amending the Penal Law) and hate crime (with the homophobic and transphobic motive as aggravating factor, Law 31 (l) 2010 amending the Penal Law).
- Body
- Independent Expert on protection against violence and discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- LGBTQI+
- Year
- 2017
Paragraph
Embrace diversity and energize humanity 2017, para. 43
- Paragraph text
- The Human Rights Commission of New Zealand noted that, in New Zealand, criminal sanctions for same-sex behaviour between consenting adults had been removed 31 years ago, with the enactment of the Homosexual Law Reform Act 1986. Nor is gender diversity criminalized, as New Zealand does not have so-called “cross dressing” laws that criminalize gender expression.
- Body
- Independent Expert on protection against violence and discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Person(s) affected
- LGBTQI+
- Year
- 2017
Paragraph
Embrace diversity and energize humanity 2017, para. 42
- Paragraph text
- The Human Rights Commission of Malaysia pointed out that, given the sensitivities surrounding issues relating to LGBTI rights in Malaysia, it had adopted a step-by-step approach in addressing such issues. In August 2010, the Commission organized a meeting with various Islamic groups with the objective of gaining a better understanding of Islamic perspectives of LGBTI and of substantiating Islamic sensitivities and views regarding such LGBTI actions as same sex intercourse, cross dressing, imitation of the opposite gender and gender reassignment. The application of the principles of non-discrimination under the Federal Constitution on LGBTI was also discussed. The meeting was followed by a roundtable discussion in 2011 during which participants raised some issues related to sexual minorities, including the need to protect sexual minorities from violence through legal and other forms of protection and redress, to recognize transgender persons by ensuring an enabling environment and to review relevant laws to prevent discrimination, for example through the inclusion of sexual orientation and gender identity as a grounds for discrimination in article 8(2) of the Federal Constitution.
- Body
- Independent Expert on protection against violence and discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Person(s) affected
- LGBTQI+
- Year
- 2017
Paragraph