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Effective Implementation of the OPSC 2010, para. 18
- Paragraph text
- The scope of application of the Optional Protocol is not always properly interpreted, and, as a result, neither are its concepts.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Effective Implementation of the OPSC 2010, para. 35
- Paragraph text
- [The relatively few statements and reports filed does not reflect the actual extent of these offences and can be explained by the following:]
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Effective Implementation of the OPSC 2010, para. 59
- Paragraph text
- In this context, relationships of force and domination, including those of a sexual nature, may be experienced as "normal" by all parties involved.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 24a
- Paragraph text
- [A reliable information system should be based on the following principles:] A common understanding of the conceptual elements;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 67b
- Paragraph text
- [Furthermore, monitoring institutions must:] Review the activities and impact of corporate social responsibility initiatives;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Approach, vision and work methods 2014, para. 23
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur will pay particular attention to the follow-up of her various activities, in particular country visits and communications, on the basis of information gathered from Governments, local partners, intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations and the business sector regarding the effective implementation of her and her predecessors' recommendations. For this purpose, as stated above, she will develop sustained partnerships with all stakeholders through exchanges of information, preparation of country visits, contributions to thematic reports and organization of workshops and seminars, provided that her mandate is supported with adequate resources.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Approach, vision and work methods 2014, para. 28
- Paragraph text
- As part of her commitment to continuing the work of her predecessors, the Special Rapporteur will accord priority to a country visit to India, whose Government agreed in 2012 to a visit requested by her predecessor. The Special Rapporteur will seek confirmation of new dates to conduct a country visit in the first half of 2015. Similarly, she intends to renew requests for visits sent by her predecessor, emphasizing the value of the visits for the implementation of her mandate. The Special Rapporteur will also send new requests for visits to other countries that may be selected as a result of the above-mentioned analysis.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Approach, vision and work methods 2014, para. 38
- Paragraph text
- In the present report, her first to the General Assembly, the newly appointed Special Rapporteur has endeavoured to provide an outline of her initial reflections on the mandate and the strategic directions that she plans to take during her three-year tenure.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Reflection on a 6-year tenure as Special Rapporteur on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography 2014, para. 24
- Paragraph text
- This phenomenon will require ongoing attention in coming years to ensure that adequate governance frameworks are put in place to prevent and combat illegal adoption.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Information and communication technologies and the sale and sexual exploitation of children 2015, para. 49
- Paragraph text
- Hotlines allow the reporting of exploitative practices, often starting the law enforcement process. Two particular good examples are the INHOPE network and the Virtual Global Taskforce. INHOPE is a network of 51 hotlines covering 45 countries, principally in Europe and North America but it also includes hotlines in South America, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa. Its sister organization, the INHOPE Foundation, provides assistance to countries to develop hotlines and comply with INHOPE standards. Four hotlines have so far been established by the Foundation in Colombia, Kazakhstan, Peru and Thailand.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2015
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Information and communication technologies and the sale and sexual exploitation of children 2015, para. 52
- Paragraph text
- The Virtual Global Taskforce is an alliance of law enforcement agencies, non-governmental organizations and the private sector, which has developed a reporting button. That button is common to all its members, and Internet platforms are encouraged to include it. Upon the reception of a report, the location of the reported material is identified and the case is referred to the relevant partner to follow up with investigation. If the user of the material does come under the jurisdiction of a member of the Taskforce, the International Criminal Police Organization (INTERPOL) helps refer the information to the national authority concerned.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2015
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Sale of children for the purpose of forced labour 2016, para. 80
- Paragraph text
- Awareness of the important role of intermediaries has given rise to various initiatives to try and regulate their practices. Social partners for the temporary agency sector signed a memorandum of understanding in 2008 to avoid the negative effects of competition in the labour market on workers' rights and conditions. In 2015, the International Confederation of Private Employment Services adopted a new code of conduct for its members, which reiterates the prohibition on charging fees to jobseekers and provides for a complaint mechanism if a member breaks the rule. While those are positive steps, codes of conduct are not legally binding.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Study on illegal adoptions 2017, para. 73
- Paragraph text
- Private and independent adoptions are initiated and processed without the oversight of competent authorities, and therefore often involve illicit practices. They are incompatible with the 1993 Hague Convention. Many such adoptions, however, occur in countries of origin that are not parties to the Convention, where procedures and systems may fall below international standards. Some receiving States also permit private and independent adoptions when they are carried out from countries of origin that are not parties to the Convention. This may spur those determined to adopt at any cost to turn to non-States parties to the Convention.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2017
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Study on illegal adoptions 2017, para. 87
- Paragraph text
- Even though transitional justice measures in the context of searches for biological origins have been applied following regime change, the same principles can be used to respond to the quests for truth, justice, reparation and guarantees of non-recurrence carried out by victims of other large-scale illegal adoptions, when such violations have been tolerated or directly committed by the State. The few responses of States to such cases reflect a piecemeal approach and a chequered pattern of denial, resistance, acknowledgement and assistance. The exception to this is Australia, where in 2012 the Senate released the findings and recommendations arising from an enquiry into former forced adoption policies and practices. The decision to release the findings and recommendations constituted an exercise in truth-seeking, a recognition of past wrongdoing, reparation and guarantees of non-recurrence through legislative, institutional and policy reforms.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2017
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Protection of children from sale and sexual exploitation following humanitarian crisis due to natural disasters 2012, para. 15
- Paragraph text
- Natural disasters refer to events or forces of nature which have a catastrophic effect on human populations and habitats, including geographical, infrastructural and material damage, physical and psycho-social trauma, displacement, insecurity and death. Natural disasters typically include earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis, hurricanes, floods and tornadoes. However, health pandemics, such as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and influenza virus strains, may also be considered natural disasters.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Protection of children from sale and sexual exploitation following humanitarian crisis due to natural disasters 2012, para. 16
- Paragraph text
- Climate-related catastrophes are caused by extreme weather events that may trigger or exacerbate natural disasters, such as tropical storms and windstorms. These events may include extreme temperature highs - such as heat waves - and lack of precipitation that can lead to drought, wild fires and famine, or extremely high levels of precipitation that can cause flooding, landslides and mudslides. Climate change may also create or exacerbate conditions in which health pandemics are more rapidly transmitted.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- All
- N.A.
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Protection of children from sale and sexual exploitation following humanitarian crisis due to natural disasters 2012, para. 71
- Paragraph text
- Longer-term recovery may also be delayed or prevented as a result of limited capacities, political obstacles and an absence of commitments for financial support from the international community. Recovery efforts are also frequently inhibited by uncoordinated and ad hoc interventions undertaken by governmental and non-governmental organizations, international agencies and other stakeholders which may result in the duplication of efforts or failure to address issues that require attention.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Protection of children from sale and sexual exploitation following humanitarian crisis due to natural disasters 2012, para. 79
- Paragraph text
- A number of international organizations and aid agencies, primarily through CPWG, have established reporting processes for information sharing between relevant stakeholders. This information is also shared and applied in the development of future design and planning of response and recovery initiatives. Nevertheless, due in large part to resource limitations, at present, there is low capacity and intention among international organizations and aid agencies to undertake this work.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Sexual exploitation of children in travel and tourism 2013, para. 57
- Paragraph text
- The importance of gathering the right evidence cannot be overstated. Pictures and videos, victim and witness testimonies, items of clothing, medical examinations and written and online communications or records all need to be considered. In most cases, however, collecting this kind of evidence requires specific expertise, particularly when it needs to meet the standards required by the countries of origin. Many countries do have, however, law enforcement agents in their embassies who can play a determining role in this process.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Civil & Political Rights
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Sexual exploitation of children in travel and tourism 2013, para. 81
- Paragraph text
- It is important to note that the Code has been assessed and evaluated on a periodic base throughout the initiative to ensure and strengthen its impact. A 2011 independent evaluation by UNICEF identified the Code's strengths, weaknesses, gaps and lessons learned. A key strength highlighted by the report was the positive impact on staff of the training provided on the Code. Challenges, on the other hand, included members' limited progress in implementing a clause with suppliers, providing information to key local persons at destinations and prioritizing reporting their activities.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Information and communication technologies and the sale and sexual exploitation of children 2015, para. 9
- Paragraph text
- As reported to the General Assembly (A/69/262, paras. 8-20), the Special Rapporteur intends to ensure the continuity of the work of her predecessors. At the same time, she will explore new directions in which to develop the mandate based on her vision and interaction with stakeholders concerned. She will take a consultative and participatory approach in the implementation of her mandate, and will engage in constructive dialogue with Member States and relevant partners. Her intention is to act as a facilitator of action-oriented dialogue among key stakeholders.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2015
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Information and communication technologies and the sale and sexual exploitation of children 2015, para. 21
- Paragraph text
- Information and communication technologies allow users to communicate with each other and, in particular, to access the Internet. The most significant advance in the Internet is the growth of mobile technologies, which include laptops, tablets and mobile telephones. The latter have gone through major developmental changes since 2.5G phones, which introduced access to the Internet. The advent of 3G and 4G mobile phones has meant that the speed of access to the Internet is almost as fast as traditional Internet technologies.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2015
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Information and communication technologies and the sale and sexual exploitation of children 2015, para. 22
- Paragraph text
- By 2013, the number of Internet users worldwide had risen to 2.8 billion, meaning that nearly 40 per cent of the world's population had access to the Internet. However, there are significant regional variations in Internet penetration. Europe has a penetration rate of nearly 70 per cent and North America of nearly 85 per cent. Africa has a penetration rate of 21 per cent and Asia of 32 per cent. Those figures reflect trends at regional levels but they mask penetration differences within each region.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2015
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Comprehensive, rights-based and child-centred care, recovery and reintegration programmes 2015, para. 17
- Paragraph text
- This study is based on a review of the literature on the topic, the analysis of responses to the questionnaire sent by the Special Rapporteur to relevant stakeholders and feedback from experts and practitioners. She would like to thank the 45 States, 11 non-governmental organizations, 2 international/regional organizations and 1 expert body for their contributions.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2015
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Tackling the demand for the sexual exploitation of children 2016, para. 58
- Paragraph text
- The Convention is also important in respect to intermediaries. Indeed, it specifically lists measures such as the seizure and confiscation of proceeds derived from the relevant offences or property equivalent in value. Targeting financial proceeds is a particularly strong deterrent and reparatory measure, since on the one hand intermediaries are motivated by profit and on the other hand the seized resources can be used to fund care, recovery and reintegration programmes.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Information and communication technologies and the sale and sexual exploitation of children 2015, para. 86
- Paragraph text
- To that end, the Special Rapporteur recommends the actions listed below.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2015
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Tackling the demand for the sexual exploitation of children 2016, para. 82c
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur invites all States to:] Ensure that criminal proceedings against offenders can always be initiated ex officio;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Reflection on a 6-year tenure as Special Rapporteur on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography 2014, para. 119g
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur invites the international community to establish a coordinated global response, by:] Increasing cooperation and harmonization in the work of the United Nations system. During her country visits, despite some excellent support and work undertaken, the Special Rapporteur sometimes observed a lack of coherence and numerous overlaps in the work of United Nations entities.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Study on illegal adoptions 2017, para. 96d
- Paragraph text
- [At the national level] [At the national level] [Specifically in respect of intercountry adoptions:] In dealing with States not parties to the 1993 Hague Convention, receiving countries that are parties to the Convention should apply as far as practicable the standards and safeguards of the Convention, prevent their nationals and agencies from creating a situation where illegal adoptions are bound to occur and assist authorities in States not parties to the Convention in stemming the flow;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2017
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Reflection on a 6-year tenure as Special Rapporteur on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography 2014, para. 71
- Paragraph text
- In several instances, the Special Rapporteur has voiced her concern at the culture of impunity that prevails in numerous contexts. In order to address impunity, including the implicit norms that undermine necessary actions against offenders, governance systems need to be strengthened. Links between governance systems and development have received increased attention lately, particularly in the context of the formulation of a post-2015 development agenda.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph