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Effective Implementation of the OPSC 2010, para. 32
- Paragraph text
- Many kinds of media are used: live shows, photographs, films, compact discs (CDs), digital images recorded or distributed over the Internet or on mobile phones, social networks, as well as cartoons. The development of new technologies, which exponentially increases the opportunities to obtain, disseminate and sell this criminal material, has fostered worldwide growth in child pornography. These new technologies considerably broaden the scope of predators' activities by allowing them to stalk, recruit and exploit children all over the world. In chat rooms and blogs, child pornographers take advantage of their anonymity in order to solicit children for sexual purposes (grooming by means of information technology).
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Effective Implementation of the OPSC 2010, para. 33
- Paragraph text
- Despite their clear definitions, concepts often overlap. There are many links between the sale of children, trafficking in children, forced labour, child prostitution, sex tourism and child pornography. The exploitation of children for economic purposes often goes hand in hand with their exploitation for sexual purposes. The development of sex tourism almost invariably entails the development of child prostitution and child pornography (some abusers film their victims). In conflict zones, the recruitment of children for armed conflict is very often accompanied by the sexual exploitation of children, especially girls.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Girls
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 16b
- Paragraph text
- [The Convention of the Rights of the Child and its Optional Protocol are fundamental tools for strengthening the protection of children and punishing offenders. They provide extremely useful definitions, thus allowing all stakeholders to share a common understanding and interpretation of the following terms:] The "sale of children" is defined as "any act or transaction whereby a child is transferred by any person or group of persons to another for remuneration or any other consideration". The sale of children can occur for the following purposes: sexual exploitation, forced labour, the transfer of organs and illegal adoption;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 16c
- Paragraph text
- [The Convention of the Rights of the Child and its Optional Protocol are fundamental tools for strengthening the protection of children and punishing offenders. They provide extremely useful definitions, thus allowing all stakeholders to share a common understanding and interpretation of the following terms:] Child prostitution is defined as "the use of a child in sexual activities for remuneration or any other form of consideration". This includes offering, obtaining, procuring or providing a child for child prostitution. The phrase "any other form of consideration" means that child prostitution is taking place even when a child is being used in sexual activities in exchange for goods, services or favours such as food, lodging or drugs, not only in exchange for money;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Joint report with SRSG Violence against Children on child-sensitive complaint mechanisms 2011, para. 68
- Paragraph text
- In Iceland and Sweden, Barnahus ("Children's Houses") have been established to provide children with assistance while also obtaining evidence that can be used in legal proceedings. Interviews with child victims of violence are held in a child-friendly environment, avoiding multiple interviews, enhancing the value of the evidence obtained and providing therapy and support. The model was adapted from the United States, where some 600 Children's Advocacy Centers exist. With specially trained psychologists and social workers, the centres operate under a board composed of representatives of the relevant agencies, including the police, local hospital and social work authority. A 2008 evaluation of Swedish Barnahus found that "the position of the child in the legal process was bolstered and the child's perspective is considered in a higher degree than before. An increasing number of interviews and medical examinations took place and the children have been given better treatment and care in the acute crisis."
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Joint report with SRSG Violence against Children on child-sensitive complaint mechanisms 2011, para. 69
- Paragraph text
- Recognizing the invisibility of cases of violence and sexual violence against children, and the critical difficulties faced by victims in accessing justice, the Supreme Court of Argentina established in 2008 an Office of Domestic Violence. The Office operates 24 hours per day, 365 days per year. Cases reported, including 28 per cent by children, involved incidents of physical violence (67 per cent), sexual violence (13 per cent) and psychological violence (90 per cent). Children are received in a child-friendly room, and interviews are videotaped and conducted by a multidisciplinary team. Cases may be referred to criminal or civil authorities and/or to public health services. The establishment of the Office has drastically reduced delays in the consideration of these cases.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Joint report with SRSG Violence against Children on child-sensitive complaint mechanisms 2011, para. 74
- Paragraph text
- In Pakistan, Lawyers for Human Rights and Legal Aid established a centre (Madadgaar) that provides shelter, medical and psychological counselling and legal services to child victims of violence. The Society for the Protection of the Rights of the Child established Child Rights Committees at the district level, staffed by professional social workers who provide counselling and assist victims to make complaints to the competent authorities. The Pakistan Pediatric Association, together with Pakistani NGOs, participates in the implementation of the National Plan of Action against Child Sexual Abuse and Exploitation.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Joint report with SRSG Violence against Children on child-sensitive complaint mechanisms 2011, para. 41f
- Paragraph text
- [Many norms and recommendations have been adopted on the sensitivity of proceedings concerning children affected by violence. They often focus on investigations and legal proceedings, although less on the receipt and handling of complaints, which are a critical initial stage of a legal or administrative process. In this regard, some principles should be respected:] The child's right to be promptly provided with necessary information in an accessible language, including possible options and consequences of the complaint, procedures involved, and available protective measures and support services;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Joint report with SRSG Violence against Children on child-sensitive complaint mechanisms 2011, para. 42
- Paragraph text
- Important community-based mechanisms have been established to address situations of violence against children, and to support women and children in their efforts to gain access to justice. The Paralegal Committees in Nepal work to prevent and address violence, including abuse and exploitation, and discrimination suffered by women and children. They promote awareness-raising activities, early detection and prevention, and case facilitation and reconciliation, as well as monitoring and reporting. They act as watch groups and as a bridge between communities and service providers, and help promote change in social attitudes that condone violence and hamper children's rights.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Women
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Joint report with SRSG Violence against Children on child-sensitive complaint mechanisms 2011, para. 112c
- Paragraph text
- [Where mechanisms exist, it is critical to secure their availability to and accessibility by all children, without discrimination, and to ensure that they act in an ethical, effective and child-sensitive manner and pursue the best interests of the child at all times. To this end:] National human rights institutions should be established in all countries by 2013 to safeguard children's freedom from violence; they should provide for, inter alia, child-sensitive counselling, reporting and complaint mechanisms; independent monitoring of measures to address violence; and effective remedies and redress, including the possibility of seeking advice and filing complaints before these institutions;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Joint report with SRSG Violence against Children on child-sensitive complaint mechanisms 2011, para. 52
- Paragraph text
- However, whether reporting is mandatory or not, its effectiveness depends on the quality of services that are available if the report, on examination, is found to be grounded. Requiring suspected abuse to be reported serves little purpose if the child protection system is weak, or if there is excessive reliance on institutionalization. The introduction of mandatory reporting has sometimes led to an increase in the number of reported cases that, following investigation, were not substantiated. Legislation that leads to overreporting increases the burden on the child welfare system, reducing its capacity to provide assistance.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 23
- Paragraph text
- In accordance with article 17 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, a child has the right to gain access to appropriate information and material. Gaining access to information is often the first step in the participation process, given that it allows an informed child to voice his or her opinion. In the context of the sale and sexual exploitation of children, this information is often delicate and must therefore take into consideration, and sometimes challenge, cultural and context-specific sensitivities. It is equally important, targeting the children who are most at risk and hard to reach, to ensure the broad geographical and linguistic reach of information tools and mechanisms. Consideration must also be given to the particular communication needs of children with disabilities.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Persons with disabilities
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 24
- Paragraph text
- Education programmes have been developed in schools and represent a wide-reaching and potentially sustainable method of informing children. From 2008 to 2011, Barnardo's, a charity founded in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in 1866 to care for vulnerable children and young people, delivered a preventative education programme on child sexual exploitation intended to improve awareness and understanding of and response to sexual exploitation and to strengthen the confidence and ability of children and young people to resist unwanted sexual experiences. The programme, which included training and awareness-raising sessions, targeted local safeguarding children boards, schools and residential units from 25 London boroughs. In total, it involved 4,723 young people and 820 professionals. According to the final evaluation, published in 2011, half of the children involved demonstrated progress in identifying risk factors and safety strategies.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Youth
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 39
- Paragraph text
- In the Czech Republic, for example, the Ecumenical Network for Youth Action is a partnership of churches, related associations and networks that runs a programme to tackle trafficking, forced prostitution and sexual abuse of children and young people in Eastern and Central Europe. It includes interactive training seminars, prevention programmes and strategies for the establishment of independent homes for young people that are co-managed with children living on the street. The network has also developed specialized peer leadership programmes to promote the full inclusion of young people in efforts to combat commercial sexual exploitation of children. These have been successful in providing an opportunity for young people to become involved, take responsibility and seek alternative lifestyles and opportunities to improve their lives.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Youth
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 41
- Paragraph text
- The "What works for us" project in the United Kingdom is a joint initiative by ECPAT UK, the National Working Group for Sexually Exploited Children and Young People and Barnardo's that was launched in January 2010. It brings together young people from around the country to participate in national consultations involving leading organizations, such as the Child Exploitation and Online Protection Centre (a national law enforcement agency that focuses on tackling the sexual abuse of children), to assess and discuss programmes, policies and services regarding the prevention of and protection of children from sexual exploitation and to help to inform the development of relevant practice and policy. The young people involved have become recognized as a high-level advisory group and have participated actively in the development of relevant practice and policy. They attended a meeting in Parliament in June 2011 to highlight gaps in response to sexual exploitation and presented research findings to the Children's Commissioner for England in September 2011.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Youth
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 71
- Paragraph text
- In South Asia, a peer support programme, part of the Youth Partnership Programme, is run entirely by youth motivators and peer supporters and is self-sustaining. The main objective is to promote awareness of the dangers of commercial sexual exploitation of children and to use direct motivational support to build life and social skills for children most at risk or survivors of sexual exploitation. Peer supporters need to have a positive and empathetic attitude, skills that can benefit the programme and consistent school attendance. Their training and activities include providing direct support to the survivors of sexual abuse and exploitation by building children's confidence, motivation, creativity and life skills to overcome trauma. Educational support on topics such as commercial sexual exploitation of children, trafficking and early marriage is also provided. It is an innovative programme that has proven to be powerful and life-changing, both for the peer supporters themselves and for the children to whom they provide support.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Youth
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 53
- Paragraph text
- In Ethiopia, the Forum for Sustainable Child Empowerment (www.fsc-e.org) runs a rehabilitation and reintegration programme for abused and exploited children. Interventions have included the establishment of child protection units and rescue centres for victims of sexual abuse and exploitation and trafficking, training of police officers, prosecutors and judges, the establishment of child-friendly courts (including setting up closed-circuit television systems for child victims) and the start-up of a coalition of non-governmental organizations and Government departments intended to function as a referral mechanism.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 54
- Paragraph text
- Child advocacy centres funded by the Government of Canada provide a coordinated approach to meeting the needs of child victims of or witnesses to crimes. Such centres are intended to minimize system-induced trauma by providing a single, child-friendly setting for children and their families. A child advocacy centre is a community-based programme, with a multidisciplinary team providing comprehensive and child-rights-focused support to victims, including forensic interviewing (a fact-finding mission, performed by someone who is specially trained in the many dynamics of child abuse, to determine whether a child has been abused and to find out the child's reality about what happened to them, using non-leading and age-appropriate questions).
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Joint report with SRSG Violence against Children on child-sensitive complaint mechanisms 2011, para. 67
- Paragraph text
- The Thuthuzela Care Centres (TCCs) were introduced as part of a strategy by South Africa to address sexual violence against women and children. A TCC is a one-stop shop where victims are provided with comprehensive services such as counselling, interviews, medical examination, court preparation and investigation in a holistic, integrated and victim-friendly manner. Through ongoing coordination with relevant stakeholders, including police, health-care professionals, prosecutors, social workers and NGOs, the ultimate goal of the TCC is to address the social and medical needs of the victim, reduce secondary victimization, improve conviction rates and reduce the lead time for the finalization of cases. The Thuthuzela Information Management System enables TCCs to become proactive, to test emerging models for efficiency and effectiveness, to develop corrective and rehabilitative offender programmes and to strive for integration rather than only punishment.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Women
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive prevention strategies against sale and sexual exploitation of children 2013, para. 35
- Paragraph text
- Children living in difficult conditions are likely to be tempted by the prospect of living independently, in a bigger city, and earning money and sending money home. Especially for older children, the search for a better life and economic opportunities can prompt risky choices. They may be more prone to accepting solicitations by brokers and potential employers or to migrating on their own, all of which expose them to trafficking and exploitative situations. Some children may also engage in risky behaviours, such as the consumption of drugs and alcohol and involvement in criminal gangs. Vulnerability is primarily relational. It is highly dependent on the child's situation in a given context, namely, environment, social norms and a variety of possible shocks. An individual child's characteristics only become a source of vulnerability if the child's environment fails to provide a protective framework or contributes to exposing the child to risk.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Older persons
- Year
- 2013
Paragraph
Approach, vision and work methods 2014, para. 32
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur will promote, facilitate and organize awareness-raising and advocacy activities on thematic priorities and issues of concern in relation to her mandate in order to enhance knowledge and visibility around them and call for the eradication and prevention of sale and sexual exploitation of children. The aforementioned thematic priorities and advocacy issues will guide the participation and support of the Special Rapporteur in various seminars, conferences and other events, which she will use to exchange information on relevant developments, identify and share good practices and successful initiatives and create synergies for advocacy purposes. The Special Rapporteur will also issue press statements on the occasion of relevant international days, including jointly with other special procedures mandate holders and child protection mechanisms and bodies, to alert stakeholders concerned of the need to address specific human rights issues relating to her mandate.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Approach, vision and work methods 2014, para. 41
- Paragraph text
- The year 2015 marks the twenty-fifth anniversary of the establishment of the mandate on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography. Its continuous renewal underscores the need for the international community to step up efforts to combat the increasing phenomena of sexual abuse and exploitation of children. To properly discharge her functions and ensure the effective implementation of her mandate, stronger support, through the allocation of sufficient means and resources, will be key in the coming years, in particular to ensure appropriate follow-up to her recommendations.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Comprehensive, rights-based and child-centred care, recovery and reintegration programmes 2015, para. 21
- Paragraph text
- The Optional Protocol also outlines the obligation of States parties to provide support services to child victims throughout the legal process (art. 8.1 (d)); to ensure appropriate training for the persons who work with child victims of sexual exploitation (art. 8.4); and to ensure that child victims have access to adequate procedures to seek compensation (art. 9.4). The Optional Protocol further imposes an obligation on States parties to adopt measures to prevent the sale and sexual exploitation of children, giving particular attention to vulnerable children (art. 9.1), and to encourage the participation of children in information and education programmes about the measures to prevent and the harmful effects of the offences of sale and sexual exploitation (art. 9.2).
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
Comprehensive, rights-based and child-centred care, recovery and reintegration programmes 2015, para. 22
- Paragraph text
- States have a duty to provide for care, recovery and reintegration of child victims. The Committee on the Rights of the Child, in its general comment No. 13 (2011) on the right of the child to freedom from all forms of violence, infers the responsibility of the State to "ensure the protection of child victims and witnesses and effective access to redress and reparation" (para. 41 (f)). Moreover, in its general comment No. 5 (2003) on general measures of implementation of the Convention, the Committee noted that for rights to have meaning there must be effective remedies that redress violations (para. 23).
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
Comprehensive, rights-based and child-centred care, recovery and reintegration programmes 2015, para. 24
- Paragraph text
- Regional instruments also refer to the right to care, recovery and reintegration, notably the Council of Europe Convention on the Protection of Children against Sexual Exploitation and Sexual Abuse (Lanzarote Convention) (arts. 11 and 14), the Council of Europe Convention on Action against Trafficking in Human Beings (arts. 12-14), the Council of Europe Convention on Preventing and Combating Violence against Women and Domestic Violence (arts. 20-26), the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation Convention on Preventing and Combating Trafficking in Women and Children for Prostitution (art. IX) and the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child (art. 16).
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Women
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
Comprehensive, rights-based and child-centred care, recovery and reintegration programmes 2015, para. 16
- Paragraph text
- The present study analyses the impact of sale and sexual exploitation on children who experience these abhorrent crimes. It further provides details of examples of care, recovery and reintegration services, policies and programmes available at the local and national levels for child victims. Building on the work of previous mandate holders (see A/HRC/7/8 and A/66/228), the aim of the study is to provide clarity on the right to care, recovery and reintegration of child victims; address their specific needs and wishes; and propose comprehensive, rights-based and child-centred care, recovery and reintegration programmes as part of effective national child protection systems.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
Comprehensive, rights-based and child-centred care, recovery and reintegration programmes 2015, para. 20
- Paragraph text
- Every child has a right under international law to receive care, recovery and reintegration services for the harm suffered as a victim of sexual exploitation. Major international human rights instruments confer this obligation on States as primary duty bearers. Article 39 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child obliges States to take all appropriate measures to promote physical and psychological recovery and social reintegration of a child victim of exploitation, abuse or neglect, among other violations, in an environment which fosters the health, self-respect and dignity of the child. Article 9.3 of the Optional Protocol on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography adds that States parties shall take all feasible measures with the aim of ensuring all appropriate assistance to victims of sale and sexual exploitation, including their full social reintegration and their full physical and psychological recovery.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
Comprehensive, rights-based and child-centred care, recovery and reintegration programmes 2015, para. 77
- Paragraph text
- Care and treatment need to be provided through an interdisciplinary approach and with due diligence as well as coordination between the different services. Partnerships and cooperation in the development of programmes are essential to ensure that children receive the necessary services and are fully supported. For instance, ECPAT Thailand has obtained significant results with projects involving law enforcement in recovery and reintegration through recreational activities. Such partnerships show that it is possible to change perceptions and break down some of the prejudice and mistrust that exists between police and child victims of sexual exploitation.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
Comprehensive, rights-based and child-centred care, recovery and reintegration programmes 2015, para. 28
- Paragraph text
- Research shows that girls account for the majority of documented victims of sexual exploitation. However, the fact that boys are also victims cannot be disregarded. Similarly, children who identify as transgender are extremely vulnerable to sexual exploitation. In the United States of America, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex youth are disproportionately represented in runaway and homeless youth programmes and child welfare systems and 42 per cent of them have been sexually exploited. A 2006 study in Cambodia found that 80 per cent of interviewed victims of street-based sexual exploitation were male. In Taiwan Province of China, the number of boys being prostituted discovered through social networking sites peaked in 2008. In Ethiopia, a study revealed that male children are specifically targeted for prostitution on the basis of the belief that anal intercourse is less likely to transmit HIV/AIDS. A recent study in the United Kingdom found that one third of children accessing specialist sexual exploitation services were male.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Gender
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Boys
- Children
- Girls
- LGBTQI+
- Youth
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
Comprehensive, rights-based and child-centred care, recovery and reintegration programmes 2015, para. 29
- Paragraph text
- A number of risk factors increase children's vulnerability and place them at higher risk of being sold and trafficked to meet the demand for sex with children. They include being female, aged between 12 and 18, belonging to an ethnic minority, living in a rural area, lacking education, having a disability, inadequate family protection, living in extreme poverty and having migrated. The general trends and patterns of sale, trafficking and sexual exploitation of children include increased control of trafficking routes and destinations by criminal organizations, which benefit from increased migration movements; the enhanced role of new technologies in marketing children for sexual exploitation, including through new forms of exploitation such as the online streaming of sexual exploitation (A/HRC/28/56, paras. 42-43); the normalization of prostitution as a legitimate business in tourism and entertainment; and the wide-scale migration of women and girls for domestic and entertainment work.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Girls
- Women
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph