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Protection of children from sale and sexual exploitation following humanitarian crisis due to natural disasters 2012, para. 89
- Paragraph text
- While States retain primary responsibility for the protection of children in a natural disaster, fulfilment of these obligations are frequently challenged as a result of absent or incapacitated institutional and legal structures. Despite the many actors and stakeholders providing emergency response services in natural disasters, children continue to face significant risk, both within and without the protection perimeter. The absence of a comprehensive framework for the coordination and allocation of roles and responsibilities of multiple international and local responders frequently leads to confusion, unnecessary duplication of efforts and substantial protection gaps. This is complicated by limitations or overlaps in organizational mandates - many of which do not address the issue of child protection - and a near absence of quantitative and qualitative data that would clarify the extent of risks faced by children in natural disasters.
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Protection of children from sale and sexual exploitation following humanitarian crisis due to natural disasters 2012, para. 43
- Paragraph text
- Implementing a framework to coordinate and allocate the roles, responsibilities and resources of all actors on the ground is difficult in a natural disaster situation. Vast differences in organization mandates, resources and capacities tend to complicate a chaotic situation, which is further exacerbated by the absence of an effectively functioning legal and institutional framework of the State. An absence of information on the existence and location of children further compounds this problem, while gathered information is often incomplete.
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Protection of children from sale and sexual exploitation following humanitarian crisis due to natural disasters 2012, para. 19
- Paragraph text
- Extreme global weather conditions have a disproportionately negative impact on the world's poorest and most vulnerable people. It is known that the most vulnerable populations face different levels of risk and have different capacities to recover. A huge proportion of those at risk are children, many of whom are living in low-income countries. Save the Children estimates that over the next ten years, up to 175 million children are likely to be affected by natural disasters each year. Multiple interacting political and socio-economic factors increase children's vulnerability to sale and exploitation, and humanitarian crises, such as natural disasters, further increase this vulnerability.
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Protection of children from sale and sexual exploitation following humanitarian crisis due to natural disasters 2012, para. 101
- Paragraph text
- A comprehensive overview is needed to review mandate issues as well as the effective coordination between relevant stakeholders. All organizations and sectoral services should review their delivery processes in emergency situations to ensure that their systems and practices do not, even inadvertently, heighten risks faced by children. They must also ensure that their policy and programmatic activities are in full compliance with the guidelines and standards established by international organizations and inter-agency initiatives in relation to child protection in natural disasters.
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Tackling the demand for the sexual exploitation of children 2016, para. 54
- Paragraph text
- Rapid and sudden societal or technological changes have also facilitated demand and it is crucial to ensure that such radical revolutions are better managed in order to prevent child sexual exploitation. This applies particularly to the growth of tourism and of the Internet. There have been positive initiatives, such as the Child Safe Tourism campaign developed by World Vision and the International Tourism Partnership in collaboration with Governments from South-East Asia, which targets both potential offenders and intermediaries. Similarly, there are numerous initiatives concerning the Internet, such as the British "Stop it Now!" prevention campaign, which has launched several videos to deter potential offenders.
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Environment
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2016
Paragraph
Reflection on a 6-year tenure as Special Rapporteur on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography 2014, para. 29
- Paragraph text
- The current patterns of the sale and sexual exploitation of children are explained by a number of critical aspects of the protective environment around children, and unfold in a context in which those aspects are affected. Vulnerability is a function of a child's exposure to risk and his or her resilience; it depends on the situation of the child, but most importantly on the child's immediate environment and the broader context. All these elements are interdependent.
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Protection of children from sale and sexual exploitation following humanitarian crisis due to natural disasters 2012, para. 82
- Paragraph text
- Prior to and following a natural disaster, awareness-raising campaigns are critical to ensuring that communities, children and their families are aware of the dangers of a natural disaster as well as the violence, abuse and exploitation that children may experience in such a situation. They must consequently be aware of how they can prevent, report and respond to such violations, including through the protective legal framework and related child protective services.
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Sexual exploitation of children in travel and tourism 2013, para. 39
- Paragraph text
- Risk factors linked to the environment include the lack of understanding and respect for human rights (women and children in particular), dependency on international tourism as income source, the high number of vulnerable children and consumerism. These factors create a foundation for this type of abuse. More specific risk factors include the demand (including from locals), existing infrastructure providing sexual services, weakness or insufficiency of national legislation regarding the prohibition and prevention of and the protection of children from all forms of sexual exploitation (including CST). The fact that extraterritoriality is not established, the lack of prosecutions because of corruption and impunity and the low pay and lack of training of police also have a negative impact. The weakness or insufficient regulation and monitoring of travel and tourism, the lack of involvement of tourism and travel services, the fear of HIV/AIDS, weak legal frameworks, implicit social tolerance on the issue and the existence of criminal networks also considerably increase the risks of sexual exploitation of children.
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Environment
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Women
- Year
- 2013
Paragraph
Sexual exploitation of children in travel and tourism 2013, para. 95a
- Paragraph text
- [Ministries of Tourism or relevant State departments designated to develop tourism and national tourism associations should be encouraged to prioritize and implement child protection initiatives, such as:] Adopting the Global Code of Ethics for Tourism which defines the principles of ethical, sustainable and responsible tourism, and adapting it into a national regulatory framework for the tourism industry, where the Government is responsible for granting licences and control of the tourism industry (transport, agencies and tour operators, hotels, guesthouses, clubs etc.);
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2013
Paragraph
Reflection on a 6-year tenure as Special Rapporteur on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography 2014, para. 46
- Paragraph text
- Climate change and natural disasters are likely to remain significant concerns in coming years. Data from the United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction indicate that floods and storms have been on the rise since 1980 and in particular since 2006, although there are strong variations from one year to the next. A 2013 World Bank report has underlined the devastating impact of global warming, even with a modest rise of temperature, with significant effects on communities and on children in Asia and Africa.
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Protection of children from sale and sexual exploitation following humanitarian crisis due to natural disasters 2012, para. 37
- Paragraph text
- The Global Protection Cluster Task Force on Protection in Natural Disaster Situations, led by the International Development Law Organization (IDLO), aims to ensure that procedures are in place for an effective, predictable and accountable protection capacity in situations of natural disaster. Among its activities, the task force may include the identification of specific protection challenges in disaster response for certain groups, such as children.
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Effective Implementation of the OPSC 2010, para. 39
- Paragraph text
- Poverty remains the primary reason for the sale and sexual exploitation of children. It has been exacerbated by armed conflict, climate change (e.g. desertification, severe flooding), natural disasters and the HIV/AIDS pandemic. According to the 2010 MDG Global Monitoring Report published by the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund, the number of people living on less than US $1.25 per day in developing regions fell from 1.8 billion in 1990 to 1.4 billion in 2005. Nevertheless, new World Bank estimates suggest that the crisis left 50 million more people in extreme poverty in 2009, a number which is expected to rise to 64 million by the end of 2010, mainly in sub-Saharan Africa and East and South-East Asia.
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Humanitarian
- Poverty
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 11
- Paragraph text
- The sale and sexual exploitation of children are fuelled by a number of interdependent factors stemming not only from the local or national context in which the child lives and was raised (political, legislative, cultural, environmental, socio-economic and institutional) but also from the global context (tourism, communications technology, the financial crisis, the food crisis and climate change). This multifaceted and complex context necessitates a response that incorporates an integrated approach with a view to putting in place, with the effective participation of children, genuinely local and national child protection systems.
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Protection of children from sale and sexual exploitation following humanitarian crisis due to natural disasters 2012, para. 25
- Paragraph text
- During the preparation of this report, it became evident that while children are recognized as being among the most vulnerable to the immediate and long-term effects of a natural disaster, it is currently impossible to accurately determine the full extent of their vulnerability. This is primarily due to a stark absence of empirical evidence on the actual impact of natural disasters on children and raw figures detailing the number of children who are killed, traumatized, unaccompanied, separated from their families, orphaned, displaced or disappeared. Only a handful of States have methodically gathered quantitative data on the number of children who have been unaccompanied, separated, orphaned, displaced or disappeared due to a natural disaster, and only seven of those States submitted data in response to the questionnaire.
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Protection of children from sale and sexual exploitation following humanitarian crisis due to natural disasters 2012, para. 27
- Paragraph text
- Children's vulnerability to sale and other forms of exploitation is increased in a natural disaster. Some people exploit the chaotic environment that follows a natural disaster to engage in criminal activities, such as selling children for the purposes of illegal adoption, forced labour or sexual exploitation. The situation enables them to circumvent national and international standards and remove children from their communities or the national territory. Furthermore, the collapse or absence of a State system during and after an emergency often results in a protection vacuum for children who may become separated from their families
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Humanitarian
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Protection of children from sale and sexual exploitation following humanitarian crisis due to natural disasters 2012, para. 85
- Paragraph text
- Examples of international awareness-raising programmes include an educational kit developed by UNICEF and United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (UNISDR) which includes a board game entitled "Riskland". GLOBE (Global Learning and Observation to Benefit the Environment) is another programme that launched an educational campaign in 2011 to empower more than one million school children worldwide to take action on climate-related environmental issues. As part of the Children in a Changing Climate Coalition, children in El Salvador are trying to address the specific threat of floods and landslides by planting trees; in another community, children are planting tough, deep-rooted grass to stabilize hillsides.
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Environment
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Protection of children from sale and sexual exploitation following humanitarian crisis due to natural disasters 2012, para. 86
- Paragraph text
- Many countries have also taken steps to teach children about natural hazards and disaster preparedness in school curricula. According to the 2009 World Disasters Report, approximately 40 per cent of countries that responded to the United Nations survey at the World Conference on Disaster Reduction held in Kobe, Japan, in 2005 indicated that they were providing such education. In Slovenia, a new optional subject has been introduced in primary schools entitled "Protection against natural and other disasters." In Madagascar, UNICEF has worked to develop pre-emergency cooperation agreements with participating organizations to ensure timely and rapid responses in the event of a cyclone or flooding.
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Environment
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Comprehensive prevention strategies against sale and sexual exploitation of children 2013, para. 25
- Paragraph text
- Push factors focus on the child in a given context and situation. They highlight the failure of the environment to protect children and the reasons why children may be driven or "pushed" away. Risks arise from the situation of the child him or herself, the child's immediate environment such as the family or the community, or the broader political, social, economic, institutional and cultural context. The vulnerability of a child depends on social norms within the community, the availability of adequate social services, and the adaptation of the environment to his or her needs, among other factors.
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Year
- 2013
Paragraph
Reflection on a 6-year tenure as Special Rapporteur on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography 2014, para. 45
- Paragraph text
- Drought, earthquakes and floods put children at risk. They directly affect the child's daily environment by impacting food security, water sources and diseases, among others. They increase vulnerability by creating further hardships for families and may be an incentive to migrate. They weaken governance systems, affect delivery of services and dislocate families. Following a natural disaster, children are more likely to be unidentified, hastily fostered, adopted or placed in long-term care institutions. Some people exploit the chaotic environment to engage in criminal activities, including selling children for the purposes of illegal adoption, forced labour or sexual exploitation. Evidence suggests that climate extremes have a tangible impact on the sale and sexual exploitation of children.
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Effective Implementation of the OPSC 2010, para. 70
- Paragraph text
- Natural disasters, including earthquakes, droughts, floods and tidal waves, cause major population movements, destroy infrastructure and worsen people's living conditions. Women and children are particularly affected. Children who are separated from their families as well as accompanied children, especially in households that are themselves headed by children, no longer possess any official documents and are inevitably at greater risk of economic and sexual exploitation as well as of being sold for illegal adoption.
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Women
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Protection of children from sale and sexual exploitation following humanitarian crisis due to natural disasters 2012, para. 30
- Paragraph text
- Again, the full extent of this issue remains largely unknown. While numerous country-level task forces on monitoring and reporting are in place to report on grave violations against children in armed conflicts, no similar mechanism exists in relation to violations against children in natural disasters.
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Protection of children from sale and sexual exploitation following humanitarian crisis due to natural disasters 2012, para. 105
- Paragraph text
- Consideration should be given to the establishment of accountability mechanisms to ensure that national and international actors take ownership of the issue of child protection and act in compliance with existing guidelines in a natural disaster.
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Protection of children from sale and sexual exploitation following humanitarian crisis due to natural disasters 2012, para. 106
- Paragraph text
- As part of rapid child protection needs and capacity assessments, unaccompanied and separated children should be identified, registered and documented within 72 hours of a natural disaster. This should be done in accordance with an accepted means of data collection which ensures ease of sharing and upholds the principle of confidentiality to protect the identity of the child.
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Protection of children from sale and sexual exploitation following humanitarian crisis due to natural disasters 2012, para. 141
- Paragraph text
- Awareness-raising campaigns should be created to provide children and their families with information regarding the risks related to natural disasters, and the particular risks faced by children. States must also ensure that children and their families are aware of their unconditional entitlement to humanitarian assistance in a natural disaster.
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Protection of children from sale and sexual exploitation following humanitarian crisis due to natural disasters 2012, para. 131
- Paragraph text
- States should develop a systematic and comprehensive monitoring and reporting mechanism to provide timely, objective, accurate and reliable information on violations against children. The operation of a child protection system in the context of a natural disaster should be monitored for at least two years following the disaster.
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Approach, vision and work methods 2014, para. 26
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur also intends to develop, through research and thematic studies, other issues that directly affect her mandate, such as the consequences and impact of sale and sexual exploitation on child victims and the development of adequate comprehensive care to facilitate their recovery and reintegration. In addition, she will conduct research on a problem that has been the focus of the mandate since its creation by the Commission on Human Rights in its resolution 1999/68, namely the sale of children for the purposes of illegal adoption. The Special Rapporteur also plans to present a thematic report on the demand factor underpinning the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography that will update the 2006 thematic report on the topic (E/CN.4/2006/67). While the Special Rapporteur intends to accord priority to thematic studies on those issues, she will also continue to cover and follow up on other thematic concerns addressed by her predecessors, such as the issue of sexual exploitation of children in travel and tourism, including in the context of major sports events, and the sale and sexual exploitation of children following humanitarian crises stemming from natural disasters and climate-related catastrophes.
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Protection of children from sale and sexual exploitation following humanitarian crisis due to natural disasters 2012, para. 63
- Paragraph text
- The number of children who are orphaned in a natural disaster is usually overestimated, and the ability of the community to care for its children is often underestimated.
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Effective Implementation of the OPSC 2010, para. 91
- Paragraph text
- Such migration, both internal and external, can occur in response to individual imperatives (such as the search for economic or professional opportunities), or to family and communal imperatives in connection with survival strategies or efforts to find suitable social or educational environments for children. Permanent and seasonal migrations, whether cross-border or within a country, are dictated by poverty, deteriorating living conditions, chronic drought, armed conflict and/or political instability.
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Poverty
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Protection of children from sale and sexual exploitation following humanitarian crisis due to natural disasters 2012, para. 42
- Paragraph text
- Despite the participation of multiple organizations, aid agencies, private actors and States, children continue to face heightened risks to sale and exploitation in situations of natural disaster. While the international community has taken many important steps to provide comprehensive protection to children, protection gaps persist. In fact, there are exploitation risks within the protection perimeter, as is evident below.
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Protection of children from sale and sexual exploitation following humanitarian crisis due to natural disasters 2012, para. 45
- Paragraph text
- Many first responders have limited or no training in the procedural measures to follow when dealing with children in the acute stage of a natural disaster, such as reporting when and to where a child has been transferred or evacuated and any relevant details regarding the identity of the child.
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph