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Effective Implementation of the OPSC 2010, para. 33
- Paragraph text
- Despite their clear definitions, concepts often overlap. There are many links between the sale of children, trafficking in children, forced labour, child prostitution, sex tourism and child pornography. The exploitation of children for economic purposes often goes hand in hand with their exploitation for sexual purposes. The development of sex tourism almost invariably entails the development of child prostitution and child pornography (some abusers film their victims). In conflict zones, the recruitment of children for armed conflict is very often accompanied by the sexual exploitation of children, especially girls.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Girls
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Effective Implementation of the OPSC 2010, para. 54
- Paragraph text
- Early or forced marriage, which is not considered a form of exploitation, makes young girls more vulnerable to mistreatment and exploitation. It often results in their leaving school early and prevents them from acquiring the skills that could make them more independent. When girls flee a marriage, they most often find themselves with no education or source of livelihood, separated from their family environment and, therefore, in a situation of great vulnerability in which one of the sole means of survival is prostitution.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Families
- Girls
- Youth
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Effective Implementation of the OPSC 2010, para. 16
- Paragraph text
- [Thanks to these efforts, more data are now available on long-term trends and specific aspects of some types of sale and sexual exploitation of children, including:] The gender dimension of sexual exploitation, which has the greatest effect on girls, although there are reports of some cases of sexual exploitation of boys (prostitution, pornography, sexual tourism); very few cases have been reported owing to taboos and laws prohibiting homosexuality;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Gender
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Boys
- Children
- Girls
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Effective Implementation of the OPSC 2010, para. 45
- Paragraph text
- Therefore, a pubescent child who becomes a victim of sexual exploitation (especially a girl) is not necessarily seen as a victim, but rather as guilty of behaving or dressing provocatively or of a poor upbringing.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Girls
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Effective Implementation of the OPSC 2010, para. 88
- Paragraph text
- Despite efforts to combat child labour, UNICEF estimates that 150 million children 5-14 years old worldwide are engaged in child labour. According to ILO estimates, more than two thirds of all child labour is in the agricultural sector. Children in rural areas - and girls in particular - begin agricultural labour as young as 5-7 years old.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Girls
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Effective Implementation of the OPSC 2010, para. 52
- Paragraph text
- In 2007, more than one third of young women 20 to 24 years old (that is, over 64 million ) in developing countries reported that they were married or in union by age 18. Early marriages are twice as common among young girls from poor families and those living in rural areas. Furthermore, these early marriages lead to early pregnancies (14 million young women give birth between the ages of 15 and 19 years old ), which endanger the health of the mothers and their children.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Girls
- Women
- Youth
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Effective Implementation of the OPSC 2010, para. 56
- Paragraph text
- Throughout the world, the epidemiological situation shows an increase in cases of AIDS among the heterosexual population, the percentage being three to eight times higher among women and girls than among men. The greater vulnerability of women to AIDS is due to physiological and biological factors, but also to social, cultural and economic pressures that do not allow them to protect themselves.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Girls
- Women
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Effective Implementation of the OPSC 2010, para. 16
- Paragraph text
- [Thanks to these efforts, more data are now available on long-term trends and specific aspects of some types of sale and sexual exploitation of children, including:] The practice of sexual exploitation of boys and girls of all ages, and from all backgrounds, in all States and regions;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Boys
- Children
- Girls
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Effective Implementation of the OPSC 2010, para. 22
- Paragraph text
- Other practices such as forced marriage that are in effect in certain parts of the world can be considered "sale for purposes of sexual exploitation". One manifestation of this, among others, is that young girls are given as wives to men - often older men - in exchange for money.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Girls
- Men
- Women
- Youth
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Effective Implementation of the OPSC 2010, para. 55
- Paragraph text
- The rape and sexual exploitation of young girls and women have been used as veritable weapons of war during conflict. The physical and psychological consequences are significant for the victims, who often find themselves stigmatized and marginalized and hence more vulnerable.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Girls
- Women
- Youth
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Effective Implementation of the OPSC 2010, para. 85
- Paragraph text
- Once on the street, children are vulnerable to all forms of exploitation and abuse. Girls who belong to gangs are subject to violence and sexual exploitation by male gang members.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Girls
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Effective Implementation of the OPSC 2010, para. 89
- Paragraph text
- Domestic labour is one of the most common forms of labour primarily affecting girls. Thousands of out-of-school young girls from disadvantaged backgrounds are placed in household service to supplement family income. These girl domestic workers are often subjected to violence and sexual abuse by employers. Because of their precarious economic situation and fearful of being sent back, these young girls feel obliged to submit to their employers' advances. Those who flee oppression most often end up in the street and get caught up in the spiral of prostitution.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Girls
- Youth
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Effective Implementation of the OPSC 2010, para. 51
- Paragraph text
- In many societies, the unequal social status of women continues to contribute to patent discrimination against girls, particularly in poor and rural communities. Girls born in poor households or living in rural communities are at a clear disadvantage in terms of education, owing to persistent attitudes and practices that encourage early marriages and the confinement of young women, and give greater importance to the education of boys over girls.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- Boys
- Girls
- Women
- Youth
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Effective Implementation of the OPSC 2010, para. 40
- Paragraph text
- [Poverty takes an especially heavy toll on children, as evidenced by the following figures cited by UNICEF:] 101 million children are not attending primary school, with more girls than boys missing out.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Poverty
- Person(s) affected
- Boys
- Children
- Girls
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Effective Implementation of the OPSC 2010, para. 53
- Paragraph text
- In some circumstances, early marriage is used as an economic survival strategy by poor families. Girls are given into marriage, often against their will and in exchange for a dowry, in order to settle the family's debts, to acquire land or even to settle disputes between families or clans.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Harmful Practices
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Families
- Girls
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Joint report with SRSG Violence against Children on child-sensitive complaint mechanisms 2011, para. 86
- Paragraph text
- Rape and other sexual violence against children are under scrutiny by the Security Council monitoring and reporting mechanism on children and armed conflict. According to reports of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Children and Armed Conflict, children are particularly vulnerable to sexual violence in and around refugee and internally displaced population settings, and when associated with armed forces and groups. Girls remain the main victims of sexual violence in armed conflict, but there are increasing reports of sexual abuse against boys. Collecting data and reporting on sexual violence against children in armed conflict remains a significant challenge. As noted by the Special Representative: "these acts are considered in many contexts as strong taboos, and as such survivors and communities are not encouraged to speak out. The lack of trust in the judicial process and the fear of reprisals accentuate the culture of silence."
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Boys
- Children
- Girls
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Joint report with SRSG Violence against Children on child-sensitive complaint mechanisms 2011, para. 82
- Paragraph text
- According to Child Helpline International, representing helplines from over 100 countries, violence is one of the main reasons for which children contact helplines. In its 2010 International Report on Violence against Children, the organization recorded more than 250,000 incidents of violence and abuse amongst the 62 helplines contributing to its survey. Most reports concerned children aged 10-15 years old, in particular girls. Physical abuse and bullying are most reported on, followed by neglect, sexual abuse and emotional violence.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Girls
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 19
- Paragraph text
- There is often confusion between sexual exploitation and sexual abuse, particularly when they occur within the family. In the context of the Optional Protocol, sexual exploitation covers the use, recruitment or offer of a child for purposes of prostitution or pornographic material or performances. Forced and early marriage can be considered a form of sale for the purpose of sexual exploitation. One manifestation of this is the offering of young girls as wives to men - often older men - in exchange for money.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Girls
- Men
- Women
- Youth
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 48c
- Paragraph text
- [Preventive measures should address critical socio-economic factors by:] Providing single mothers (particularly adolescent girls) with support through social welfare systems that offer a full range of alternative care services and assistance within child protection systems;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Adolescents
- Children
- Girls
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 28c
- Paragraph text
- [With regard to prohibition, comprehensive legal frameworks should:] Establish 18 years as the minimum age of marriage for girls and boys, with a prohibition on the procurement, offering, conducting of or forcing into an under-age marriage;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Harmful Practices
- Person(s) affected
- Boys
- Girls
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 31
- Paragraph text
- Animated short films are an effective and attractive medium to convey difficult messages. One such example is Two Little Girls, which was made by the Poppy Project in the United Kingdom in consultation with a group of young Albanian women who were trafficked into the country. It is part of a trafficking prevention and public awareness-raising campaign, aimed at girls and young women in 13 countries in Eastern Europe who are at risk of being trafficked for sexual exploitation. It warns them of the dangers of being persuaded to travel abroad with false promises of employment, only to find themselves sold into commercial sexual exploitation. Other good examples have been produced using the "Animate it" method promoted by Save the Children Sweden, which allows children to design and produce animated films about issues that concern them.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Girls
- Women
- Youth
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Protection of children from sale and sexual exploitation following humanitarian crisis due to natural disasters 2012, para. 83
- Paragraph text
- It is easy for individuals to abuse their power in relief camps and to ask for sexual favours in exchange for basic necessities. The Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency provided funding to Save the Children (Sweden) in Haiti to address issues of gender-based violence and sexual exploitation through awareness-raising, training and establishing community-based focal points. Despite these services, according to Human Rights Watch, girls and women were badly neglected in recovery efforts.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Gender
- Humanitarian
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Girls
- Women
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 57
- Paragraph text
- In Yemen, the Children's Parliament has democratically elected representatives from all governorates and includes orphans, children with disabilities and young people belonging to marginalized groups. It regularly meets Government departments and non-governmental organizations. In 2008, it produced a public report on the situation of children in Yemen. In 2010, it carried out a national campaign to illustrate the impact of early marriage on the lives and health of young girls, which has led to a review of Yemeni legislation.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Girls
- Youth
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Protection of children from sale and sexual exploitation following humanitarian crisis due to natural disasters 2012, para. 62
- Paragraph text
- In every humanitarian crisis, States, international aid agencies and civil society organizations seek to protect children by "rescuing" them from affected areas. Child survivors are frequently mistakenly labeled as orphans and removed from their families and communities to be transferred to orphanages or adopted into new families. This "misguided kindness" may significantly increase the short- and long-term harm caused to children and families who are suffering from the impact of a natural disaster. Experience has shown that girls and boys are usually safer, better cared for and tend to recover more quickly in a family environment within their own communities.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Boys
- Children
- Families
- Girls
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Comprehensive prevention strategies against sale and sexual exploitation of children 2013, para. 30
- Paragraph text
- A gender perspective highlights the fact that boys and girls face different types of risks. Girls often face discrimination in accessing social services. In many societies, the right of girls to education is compromised owing to their unequal status, depriving them of an important protective element. Gender-based violence is a common feature across societies and is exacerbated in times of conflict and crisis. The sexual exploitation of girls has become a weapon of war, making victims subject to stigmatization and marginalization within their own communities. Boys are not immune to abuse. The exploitation of boys, including for prostitution, is often taboo, especially where homosexual relations are concerned, making prevention strategies even more difficult.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Boys
- Girls
- Year
- 2013
Paragraph
Sexual exploitation of children in travel and tourism 2013, para. 70
- Paragraph text
- The Child Wise Tourism programme is Child Wise's longest running overseas programme operating across South-East Asia. The goal of the project is to support regional Governments, tourism authorities and police to take the lead in establishing policy and practices which prevent child sex tourism and other forms of child sexual exploitation. It also aims to ensure a protective environment for children in tourism destinations, which assists in preventing child sex tourism. Over the last 12 years, Child Wise has implemented the programme in Thailand, the Lao People's Democratic Republic, Cambodia, Viet Nam, Myanmar, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Brunei Darussalam and Indonesia. It has fostered action through a country-specific approach that is grounded in unified regional goals enabling regional level comparison, cooperation and collaboration. Stakeholders have come together in regional education campaigns, forums, meetings and follow-ups to work to ensure the sustainability of programmes to prevent child sex tourism in the region. In October 2010, ECPAT Netherlands, Plan Nederland, the travel agents TUI Netherlands, the Dutch Association of Travel Agents and Tour Operators (ANVR), Fly Brazil, the travel agents Travel Counsellors, Plan Brazil, RESPOSTA and the World Childhood Foundation Brazil embarked on a three-year project offering vocational training to girls, motivating the tourism sector, reminding the Dutch and Brazilian authorities of their duties, raising awareness amongst travellers and providing training for travel professionals. IBCR, in collaboration with Fundación Paniomor and with the support of World Vision Canada, is beginning a new project in Costa Rica, which will aim to improve collaboration and the prosecution of these kinds of crimes against children. Moreover, the project will focus on working directly with children, families and communities of the most affected areas in Costa Rica, providing information, tools and the creation of a support network for the victims of this exploitation. Adolescents will receive information about the mechanisms of self-protection and income-generating alternatives to commercial sexual exploitation.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Girls
- Year
- 2013
Paragraph
Comprehensive prevention strategies against sale and sexual exploitation of children 2013, para. 34
- Paragraph text
- Children living and working on the street lack the protective environment to counter potential traffickers and exploiters and may be forced into exploitative situations, including for survival. Girls belonging to gangs can be subject to sexual violence and exploitation by male gang members. Child labourers, particularly girls engaged in domestic work, are vulnerable to exploitation. Child migrants, especially children migrating on their own, are easy prey to traffickers. Furthermore, when migrating to new places, children and families often leave behind social support networks, which provide protection. Children in institutions are also at increased risk. In many countries, institutions are neither registered nor monitored, making children particularly vulnerable to abuse and exploitation without access to a remedy.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Girls
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2013
Paragraph
Comprehensive prevention strategies against sale and sexual exploitation of children 2013, para. 45
- Paragraph text
- A number of social practices are rooted in discrimination against women. Child marriage is entrenched in social and gender norms that significantly affect the well-being of girls.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Harmful Practices
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Girls
- Women
- Year
- 2013
Paragraph
Comprehensive prevention strategies against sale and sexual exploitation of children 2013, para. 92b
- Paragraph text
- [Specific activities to promote child participation in order to prevent sale and exploitation include:] Awareness-raising with parents to address possible discrimination against girls and to promote the child's right to be heard;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Girls
- Year
- 2013
Paragraph
Sexual exploitation of children in travel and tourism 2013, para. 32
- Paragraph text
- In some cases this phenomenon may be veiled in a "culturally acceptable" practice through, for instance, child marriage. In countries where early marriage is still a common practice, money can be offered to families to marry young girls, despite the marriage only lasting for the length of the stay. Visitors may also take the minor back to their country, where the child will be subjected to continual sexual exploitation.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Harmful Practices
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Girls
- Youth
- Year
- 2013
Paragraph