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Study on illegal adoptions 2017, para. 99
- Paragraph text
- [At the international level] The Committee on the Rights of the Child and the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women should request States parties to the Convention on the Rights of the Child and its Optional Protocol on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography to provide information about concerns related to illegal adoptions and international commercial surrogacy arrangements, notably in preparation for the Committee's consideration of periodic reports.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Women
- Year
- 2017
Paragraph
Study on illegal adoptions 2017, para. 36
- Paragraph text
- Gender discrimination and violence based on moral and religious constructs regarding the social or marital status of the mother have been a key driver of illegal adoptions in several countries. In Ireland, the so-called mother and baby homes, which were managed by Catholic organizations, and other maternity institutions, were established in the 1920s to deal with unmarried pregnant women and girls and operated until the 1990s. Conditions in those institutions were deplorable and cases of violence against the women were common (e.g. abuse of expectant mothers, forced labour, neglect and detention). Before the 1952 Adoption Act, most children born out of wedlock were placed in foster care, "boarded out" or informally adopted. After passage of the Act, children were put up for formal adoption. Consent was improperly induced or forcibly obtained and documents, including illegal birth registrations, were falsified on a large scale. Furthermore, there were cases of intercountry adoptions, in particular to the United States of America, which often resulted from the same illegal practices.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Harmful Practices
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Girls
- Infants
- Women
- Year
- 2017
Paragraph
Study on illegal adoptions 2017, para. 38
- Paragraph text
- Large-scale illegal adoptions have also taken place in the context of conflicts or authoritarian regimes and their aftermath. During the military dictatorship that ruled Argentina from 1976 to 1983, for example, the authorities abducted hundreds of children from parents considered to be opponents of the regime. In most cases, arbitrarily detained pregnant women had their children removed once they had given birth; in other cases, children were arrested along with their parents and then separated from them. All the parents were forcibly disappeared or murdered by the regime. The babies were registered as the biological children of families close to or linked with the regime or of the individuals who had abducted them, and in some cases were given up for adoption. The falsification of documents was widely used to officialize such illegal acts and illicit practices.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Women
- Year
- 2017
Paragraph
Sale of children for the purpose of forced labour 2016, para. 39
- Paragraph text
- Reports on the garment industry have also demonstrated the extensive use of forced labour involving children in factories, amounting to slavery-like practices. Child labour is facilitated by the close relationship between employers and parents, who often come from the same village. A system of work in spinning mills was found to involve young women and girls, who are only paid at the end of their three-year contract. They do not get paid if they leave, a situation amounting to forced labour and debt bondage. Products made from such labour feed the global retail market, driven by multinational companies in search of lower prices to respond to consumer demand.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Girls
- Women
- Youth
- Year
- 2016
Paragraph
Tackling the demand for the sexual exploitation of children 2016, para. 79
- Paragraph text
- A definitive understanding of offenders still needs to be achieved. The existing profiles, such as the distinction between preferential and situational offenders, remains open to debate. There is also scarce and conflicting information about online offenders and female offenders. Further research is consequently necessary with clear parameters to ensure comprehensive and evidence-based results. The inconclusive results of rehabilitation programmes are also linked to the incomplete knowledge about the different types of offenders. The effectiveness of the programmes will thus be improved once those gaps have been filled.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Women
- Year
- 2016
Paragraph
Tackling the demand for the sexual exploitation of children 2016, para. 43
- Paragraph text
- The sexual exploitation of girls, who constitute the majority of victims, is rooted in gender discrimination. Patriarchal structures that promote male sexual domination and do not condemn the commercialization of girls and women are a fundamental underlying level of the demand factor. Culturally imposed feminine gender stereotypes also contribute to the sexual exploitation of women and girls by placing them in the role of serving males, negating women's and girls' ability to make decisions regarding their own sexual and reproductive life and making them prime targets for sexual violence. Likewise, the commodification of the female body reinforces the notion of its consumption, which can be extended to girls by offenders. Gender stereotypes around masculinity also adversely affect boys, with little attention given to their possible vulnerability to sexual exploitation. Boys who are victims of sexual exploitation are consequently much less likely to be able to report a rights violation and to receive care.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Boys
- Girls
- Women
- Year
- 2016
Paragraph
Tackling the demand for the sexual exploitation of children 2016, para. 18
- Paragraph text
- Another important instrument is the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime. Article 9 (5) requires States parties to adopt or strengthen legislative or other measures, such as educational, social or cultural measures, including through bilateral and multilateral cooperation, to discourage the demand that fosters all forms of exploitation of persons, especially women and children.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Women
- Year
- 2016
Paragraph
Tackling the demand for the sexual exploitation of children 2016, para. 35
- Paragraph text
- The most common providers of children for sexual exploitation are facilitators, who can range from procurers to traffickers and intermediaries, and include financial actors. Such individuals are not always part of criminal networks. Procurers are generally called by their vernacular name, such as "pimp" in English. They are the ones who identify the children and force them into sexual exploitation. Grooming is an essential part of the process. The aim is to entrap the children into a life of sexual servitude and manipulate them at will through extreme methods ranging from physical and psychological abuse to the provision of drugs and alcohol. The demography of procurers is diverse. Though most of them are men, there is a significant presence of women among procurers. There have also been cases of peer driven exploitation. There is also a substantial number of cases of parents and/or family members pushing their children into sexual exploitation in order to provide the family with supplementary income.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Men
- Women
- Year
- 2016
Paragraph
Sale of children for the purpose of forced labour 2016, para. 41
- Paragraph text
- The European Police Office (Europol) has found that many children are sold and trafficked for the purpose of forced begging. Children may be sold by their families, or pregnant women may be recruited and forced to sell their babies. Children have been sold for up to 40,000 euros. According to a comparative study on forced child begging, criminal networks have developed strategies in which they push poor families into debt and then claim the children as a way to pay back those debts. The study found reports of criminal gangs controlling child beggars and practices in which small children were being "rented out" for the purpose of begging.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Women
- Year
- 2016
Paragraph
Sale of children for the purpose of forced labour 2016, para. 49
- Paragraph text
- A report by the Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Syrian Arab Republic describes how Yazidi women and girls were sold by Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) in slave markets, through auctions and sometimes as groups to be resold individually. In the last year, ISIL fighters have started to hold online slave auctions with pictures and personal details of captured women and girls. The fighters, and sometimes their wives, regularly engage Yazidi women and girls in forced domestic labour, in addition to inflicting systematic sexual violence. Yazidi men and boys over the age of puberty are also engaged in forced labour by ISIL in tasks including construction work, digging trenches and looking after cattle (see A/HRC/32/CRP.2).
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Boys
- Girls
- Women
- Year
- 2016
Paragraph
Tackling the demand for the sexual exploitation of children 2016, para. 21
- Paragraph text
- At the regional level, several instruments call for the prevention and prohibition of the sexual exploitation of children and thus entail the sanctioning of offenders. This is the case of the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child (art. 27), the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation Convention on Preventing and Combating Trafficking in Women and Children for Prostitution (art. 3), the Inter-American Convention on International Traffic in Minors (art. 7) and the Council of Europe Convention on the Protection of Children against Sexual Exploitation and Sexual Abuse (chaps. 2, 5 and 6). Further protection is offered, as detailed below, by that Council of Europe Convention and in the explanatory report thereto, specific guidance on sanctions is given. The Council of Europe Convention on Action against Trafficking in Human Beings is also noteworthy as it specifically addresses the demand factor (art. 6) by providing that States parties shall adopt preventive measures such as research, awareness-raising and education programmes.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Women
- Year
- 2016
Paragraph
Tackling the demand for the sexual exploitation of children 2016, para. 30
- Paragraph text
- In all of the above-mentioned offender categories, the majority of perpetrators are men; there is only anecdotal evidence of female offenders. Law enforcement data has consistently identified female offenders in the developed world, but without clearly classifying their crime. A 2005 study indicated that women accounted for up to five per cent of all sexual offences against children. The exact traits and motivations of female offenders are still the subject of numerous discussions and further research is required. They have generally been identified in cases of child abuse, and in respect to child sexual exploitation have fulfilled the role of accomplices to male offenders. Female offenders are indeed much more likely to act with a male offender. Comprehensive and updated data at the global level is nonetheless lacking. This is partly owing to pre-existing social constructs that have led to underreporting, since in most societies it has often been considered unimaginable for women to be sex offenders.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Men
- Women
- Year
- 2016
Paragraph
Tackling the demand for the sexual exploitation of children 2016, para. 82l
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur invites all States to:] Conduct research on offenders, with a particular focus on online offenders and female offenders, and on the effectiveness and success of prevention and rehabilitation programmes;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Women
- Year
- 2016
Paragraph
Tackling the demand for the sexual exploitation of children 2016, para. 39
- Paragraph text
- At this intermediate level of the demand, there is a much more significant presence of women. Indeed, according to recent figures on trafficking from the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), 28 per cent of persons convicted for trafficking in persons were women and that proportion rose to 38 per cent for those having entered into contact with the criminal justice system. Female traffickers were more frequently involved in the trafficking of girls and in particular in recruitment for sexual exploitation. Women are strongly represented among facilitators, since a key element of that role in the demand process is to build a relationship of trust and lure children into sexual exploitation.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Girls
- Women
- Year
- 2016
Paragraph
Sale of children for the purpose of forced labour 2016, para. 27
- Paragraph text
- The overwhelming majority of forced labour consists of labour exploitation. The latest global estimate concludes that a total of 20.9 million persons are victims of forced labour, of which 5.5 million (26 per cent), are children. Women and girls represent the greater share of the total: 11.4 million (55 per cent).
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Girls
- Women
- Year
- 2016
Paragraph
Comprehensive, rights-based and child-centred care, recovery and reintegration programmes 2015, para. 24
- Paragraph text
- Regional instruments also refer to the right to care, recovery and reintegration, notably the Council of Europe Convention on the Protection of Children against Sexual Exploitation and Sexual Abuse (Lanzarote Convention) (arts. 11 and 14), the Council of Europe Convention on Action against Trafficking in Human Beings (arts. 12-14), the Council of Europe Convention on Preventing and Combating Violence against Women and Domestic Violence (arts. 20-26), the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation Convention on Preventing and Combating Trafficking in Women and Children for Prostitution (art. IX) and the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child (art. 16).
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Women
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
Comprehensive, rights-based and child-centred care, recovery and reintegration programmes 2015, para. 29
- Paragraph text
- A number of risk factors increase children's vulnerability and place them at higher risk of being sold and trafficked to meet the demand for sex with children. They include being female, aged between 12 and 18, belonging to an ethnic minority, living in a rural area, lacking education, having a disability, inadequate family protection, living in extreme poverty and having migrated. The general trends and patterns of sale, trafficking and sexual exploitation of children include increased control of trafficking routes and destinations by criminal organizations, which benefit from increased migration movements; the enhanced role of new technologies in marketing children for sexual exploitation, including through new forms of exploitation such as the online streaming of sexual exploitation (A/HRC/28/56, paras. 42-43); the normalization of prostitution as a legitimate business in tourism and entertainment; and the wide-scale migration of women and girls for domestic and entertainment work.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Girls
- Women
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
Comprehensive, rights-based and child-centred care, recovery and reintegration programmes 2015, para. 30
- Paragraph text
- Gender-based discrimination and inequalities also play a large role in the propagation of sexual exploitation of children, in particular girls and children who identify as transgender. Sexual exploitation of girls is often rooted in patriarchal structures that promote male sexual domination and do not condemn the commercialization of girls and women. Culturally imposed feminine gender stereotypes also contribute to sexual exploitation of women and girls by placing them in the role of serving males, negating their ability to make decisions regarding their own sexual and reproductive life and making them prime targets for sexual violence.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Health
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Girls
- LGBTQI+
- Women
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
Information and communication technologies and the sale and sexual exploitation of children 2015, para. 45
- Paragraph text
- States need to adopt adequate national legislation to effectively combat the sale and sexual exploitation of children which is committed or facilitated through new technologies. States should criminalize those activities through the ratification and domestication of relevant international instruments, in particular the Optional Protocol on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography; the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime and the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing it; the International Labour Organization Convention No. 182 (1999) concerning the Prohibition and Immediate Action for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labour; and the Convention on Protection of Children and Cooperation in respect of Intercountry Adoption.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Women
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
Comprehensive, rights-based and child-centred care, recovery and reintegration programmes 2015, para. 31
- Paragraph text
- Most important, however, is the demand for sex with children. Those who support the exploitation of children include men from industrialized and developing countries who keep traffickers and exploiters in business through their demand for and purchase and exploitation of children. This topic will be the specific focus of the next thematic report of the Special Rapporteur.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Men
- Women
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
Comprehensive, rights-based and child-centred care, recovery and reintegration programmes 2015, para. 25
- Paragraph text
- Standard-setting instruments such as the Guidelines on Justice in Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime of 2005 and the Guidelines for the Alternative Care of Children of 2009 also stipulate that recovery and reintegration are essential forms of assistance to be provided to child victims. The Secretary-General's Study on Violence against Children (2006) also recommended providing recovery and social reintegration services. The Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially women and children, in the draft basic principles on the right to an effective remedy for victims of trafficking in persons (A/HRC/26/18, annex) and in her recommendations has underlined the obligation of States to provide rehabilitation and recovery, with special consideration being given to child victims of trafficking.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Women
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
Comprehensive, rights-based and child-centred care, recovery and reintegration programmes 2015, para. 23
- Paragraph text
- Care, recovery and reintegration are also included in other major international legal instruments such as the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (art. 16.4); the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (art. 6), the Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention, 1999 (No. 182 ) of the International Labour Organization (ILO) (art. 7) and the ILO Protocol of 2014 to the Forced Labour Convention, 1930 (No. 29) (art. 3).
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
Approach, vision and work methods 2014, para. 18
- Paragraph text
- At the regional level, relevant instruments relating to the mandate include the Council of Europe Convention on the Protection of Children against Sexual Exploitation and Sexual Abuse, the Council of Europe Convention on Preventing and Combating Violence against Women and Domestic Violence, the Council of Europe Convention on Cybercrime, the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child, the Inter-American Convention on International Traffic in Minors and the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation Convention on Preventing and Combating Trafficking in Women and Children for Prostitution.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Women
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Reflection on a 6-year tenure as Special Rapporteur on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography 2014, para. 27
- Paragraph text
- In total, some 158 countries have adopted laws prohibiting marriage before the age of 18, although in 146 of them, marriage under the age of 18 can be performed with parental consent. In spite of these measures, early marriage continues to take place worldwide. Although a few countries have made progress, the available data shows that globally, the incidence of early marriage was stable between 2001 and 2010. As many as 61 countries still have a prevalence rate of child marriage of over 20 per cent. According to UNICEF data from 2012, one third of women aged 20 to 24 years old - that is, some 70 million women - were married before the age of 18.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Harmful Practices
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Women
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Approach, vision and work methods 2014, para. 12
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur is aware of the various bodies and mechanisms within the United Nations system dealing with situations and violations affecting children. As required by resolution 7/13, she intends to work in close coordination with them in order to ensure complementarity and avoid unnecessary duplication. In respect of the special procedures mandate holders who address cross-cutting issues and concerns relating to her mandate, such as the Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially women and children, the Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, the Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences, the Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and in practice, the Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants and the Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons, she intends to discuss and develop with them joint methods of work, such as the presentation of joint thematic reports, the conducting of coordinated country visits, the issuance of joint communications and the organization of joint awareness-raising activities. The Special Rapporteur will also deploy efforts to mainstream the protection and promotion of children's rights within the special procedures system, while according priority to certain issues and concerns that need to be tackled in a coordinated manner in order to enhance their impact when bringing particular situations to the attention of Governments and other stakeholders concerned. Her ultimate goal is to ensure that all mandate holders take a common approach towards addressing the impact of legislative and policy measures on children and their rights.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Reflection on a 6-year tenure as Special Rapporteur on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography 2014, para. 83
- Paragraph text
- In Latvia, the Special Rapporteur visited the Ilguciems Prison for women and girls. She praised the methodology employed by the caretakers at this centre, where she witnessed a child-rights approach to the care, rehabilitation and follow-up of the girls. The social rehabilitation programmes implemented include measures to encourage forward-looking thinking and to prepare the girls for discharge and reintegration into society through acquiring and developing basic skills.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Girls
- Women
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Approach, vision and work methods 2014, para. 13
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur will also seek to enhance cooperation with the Committee on the Rights of the Child, the Special Representative of the Secretary-General on Violence against Children and the Special Representative of the Secretary-General on Children in Armed Conflict, whose thematic mandates are by their nature bound up with the issues of sale and sexual exploitation of children. Modalities for cooperation may include regularly sharing information, coordinating activities and conducting joint actions, including issuing joint reports and organizing joint awareness-raising events. The Special Rapporteur will also look to strengthen interaction and cooperation with relevant regional mechanisms, in particular the Special Rapporteur on Rights of Women in Africa of the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights and the Office of the Rapporteur on the Rights of the Child of the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights. In addition, she will advocate the development of a permanent regional mechanism dedicated specifically to the promotion and protection of children's rights in Asia and the Pacific.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Women
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Reflection on a 6-year tenure as Special Rapporteur on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography 2014, para. 43
- Paragraph text
- The breakdown of families, communities and social and institutional structures during conflict and in its aftermath puts children at great risk of being sold, trafficked and sexually exploited. The World Development Report 2011 of the World Bank estimates that approximately 1.5 billion people live in countries affected by repeated cycles of political and criminal violence. The current nature of conflicts, mostly civil wars fought by armed groups rather than the military, disproportionately affects civilians. Children pay a high toll. A child living in a conflict-affected or fragile developing country is nearly three times more likely to be out of school than a child living in a developing country that is unaffected by these factors. Sexual and gender-based violence is a major issue, during and in the aftermath of conflict. Women and children account for close to 80 per cent of refugees and internally displaced persons. As more countries fall into conflict and high levels of political and criminal violence, involving an increasingly complex range of protagonists and ever more violent schemes, children will continue to be exposed to heightened risks.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Gender
- Humanitarian
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Approach, vision and work methods 2014, para. 17
- Paragraph text
- Other international child rights instruments complement the Convention and the Optional Protocol and provide detailed norms and standards with a view to prohibiting, preventing and responding to the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography. They include the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime and the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing the Convention; the Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention, 1999 (No. 182), of the International Labour Organization (ILO); the ILO Minimum Age Convention, 1973 (No. 138); the ILO Forced Labour Convention, 1930 (No. 29), and its Protocol of 2014 adopted to address gaps in implementation of the Convention and reaffirm that measures of prevention, protection and remedies were necessary to achieve the effective and sustained elimination of forced labour; and the Convention on Protection of Children and Cooperation in Respect of Intercountry Adoption.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Women
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Sexual exploitation of children in travel and tourism 2013, para. 43
- Paragraph text
- Other main international legal instruments providing a legal basis to combat child sexual exploitation include the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime and International Labour Organization Convention No. 105 (1957) concerning the Abolition of Forced Labour and Convention No. 182 (1999) concerning the Prohibition and Immediate Action for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labour.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Women
- Year
- 2013
Paragraph