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Study on illegal adoptions 2017, para. 51
- Paragraph text
- Intercountry adoptions in the context of emergency situations are specifically open to several abuses. For example, in Haiti adoption processes were not interrupted but rather expedited following the 2010 earthquake, under the pressure of receiving countries. In Rwanda, during the genocide, several children were evacuated abroad and some were subsequently adopted without the consent of surviving parents.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Year
- 2017
Paragraph
Study on illegal adoptions 2017, para. 95l
- Paragraph text
- [At the national level] [The Special Rapporteur invites all States to:] Take effective measures to protect children who are victims of armed conflict and natural disasters from becoming victims of illegal adoption.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2017
Paragraph
Tackling the demand for the sexual exploitation of children 2016, para. 64
- Paragraph text
- In the specific case of military and peacekeeping troops and personnel, there is a lack of accountability in instances of sexual exploitation of children. Concrete measures are needed to ensure that those offenders are also prosecuted and convicted either at the international or national level. As far as United Nations peacekeeping troops and personnel are concerned, the Secretary-General has outlined a series of measures to ensure the investigation of those crimes and the prosecution of the perpetrators through the creation of immediate response teams, the imposition of strong sanctions, the repatriation of contingents and the referral to judicial authorities of host countries and contributing countries. He has also established an external independent review panel to assess the response of the United Nations to allegations of sexual exploitation and sexual abuse and other serious crimes by members of foreign military forces not under United Nations command in the Central African Republic. The Special Rapporteur looks forward to the panel's findings and hopes they will improve accountability.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2016
Paragraph
Tackling the demand for the sexual exploitation of children 2016, para. 83c
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur invites the international community to reinforce the coordinated global response by:] Holding military and peacekeeping troops and personnel accountable in cases of child sexual exploitation by having zero tolerance for such crimes, setting up prompt and thorough investigations, implementing strong penalties for those guilty of such crimes, taking measures such as suspension, repatriation and termination of the deployment and ensuring the follow-up to those procedures. Care, recovery and reintegration measures should also be provided to child victims as part of their right to a remedy.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2016
Paragraph
Tackling the demand for the sexual exploitation of children 2016, para. 48
- Paragraph text
- External factors, such as humanitarian crises or conflicts, can also foster the demand factor. The ensuing chaos and lawlessness empowers offenders to target vulnerable children in order to sell and/or sexually exploit them.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2016
Paragraph
Sale of children for the purpose of forced labour 2016, para. 65
- Paragraph text
- During conflict, armed groups destroy the social and economic environment and interrupt the delivery of social services, dismantling a protective environment for children and driving the population into dire poverty. Families may entrust their children to intermediaries who then exploit them for various purposes. The long-lasting effects of institutional breakdown enable trafficking to flourish and lead to its persistence after a conflict has ended (see A/HRC/32/41).
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Poverty
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Year
- 2016
Paragraph
Sale of children for the purpose of forced labour 2016, para. 47
- Paragraph text
- In situations of armed conflict, children are particularly vulnerable to being sold for the purpose of forced labour. As armed conflicts increasingly focus on control over resources, parties have used children in various forms of child labour, including in mines, in addition to recruitment for military purposes.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Humanitarian
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2016
Paragraph
Comprehensive, rights-based and child-centred care, recovery and reintegration programmes 2015, para. 71
- Paragraph text
- The first step in the recovery process is to ensure that procedures and mechanisms are in place for the rapid identification of child victims so that they can access timely and appropriate assistance. Once rescued, and after a comprehensive assessment of the individual case, the child should be either returned to his or her family or provided with emergency shelter as well as with care, protection and follow-up services. Rescue operations should ensure that children are returned to a safe environment, whether with their families or in alternative arrangements, with special care taken when victims must be repatriated from another country.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
Comprehensive, rights-based and child-centred care, recovery and reintegration programmes 2015, para. 61
- Paragraph text
- Services are often provided in an ad hoc manner and fail to systematically reach child victims. Many countries suffer from a deficiency of coordination capacity and mechanisms to identify victims and refer them to the proper authorities and services. The lack of centralized coordination and information systems also prevents the systematic evaluation of services and interventions. In many countries, the heavy reliance on non-governmental organization service providers raises concerns about the dependability and sustainability of resource provision and about the quality and accountability of service providers.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
Comprehensive, rights-based and child-centred care, recovery and reintegration programmes 2015, para. 76
- Paragraph text
- Care, recovery and reintegration programmes should respond to the need to provide continuous, comprehensive assistance beyond emergency and short-term support. Support for children needs to be available for a long period of time and should not simply end once a child has been reunited with the family, reaches the age of 18 and/or has left an institution. Moreover, long-term care and recovery programmes and services require consistent funding and allocation of resources. As stressed by the Rotherham Inquiry undertaken in the United Kingdom in 2013 to examine the State's response to child sexual exploitation, all services should recognize that once a child is affected by sexual exploitation, he or she is likely to require support and therapeutic intervention for an extended period.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
Comprehensive, rights-based and child-centred care, recovery and reintegration programmes 2015, para. 34
- Paragraph text
- In addition, victims may develop a wide range of psychological and interpersonal problems, including depression, feelings of hopelessness, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, hostility and irritability. Psychosocial impacts of sexual exploitation on children also include feelings of shame and self-blame, low self-esteem, stigma and difficulties in reintegrating in society. In extreme cases, the complex set of psychological and physiological symptoms manifested by children who have experienced trafficking-related abuses have been compared to those identified in torture victims and children in armed conflict.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Humanitarian
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
Comprehensive, rights-based and child-centred care, recovery and reintegration programmes 2015, para. 40
- Paragraph text
- The most common care and recovery services provided by Governments and non-governmental organizations are immediate, urgent or short-term support services. They include medical and psychological care, emergency shelter and legal assistance. Medium- and long-term support services are specialized interventions that include assessing the home environment of the child and working with his or her family throughout the care, recovery and reintegration process; returning the child to his or her family or community or, in their absence, providing alternative care arrangements; reconnecting the child with education systems; and providing social and economic support.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Health
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
Comprehensive, rights-based and child-centred care, recovery and reintegration programmes 2015, para. 60
- Paragraph text
- Additional challenges facing service providers, including non-governmental organizations, in establishing and managing assistance and care services include: (a) a lack of information and data from local research; (b) a lack of policies, procedures and legislation at the national level; (c) low levels of awareness; (d) challenges at the family and community level, such as extreme poverty and alcohol abuse; (e) threats to staff; (f) lack of time and the patience to engage children; (f) secondary trauma affecting staff; and (g) practical challenges in decision-making.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Health
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
Comprehensive, rights-based and child-centred care, recovery and reintegration programmes 2015, para. 73
- Paragraph text
- Care must be provided by trained professionals who understand the importance of mental and emotional health, in settings that are safe for children. Care homes providing temporary or long-term shelter for victims must ensure that staff members are carefully selected, adequately trained and closely supervised to ensure that they do not pose a risk to children. Both children and staff at shelters must feel safe from threats, dangers and harm from perpetrators.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
Reflection on a 6-year tenure as Special Rapporteur on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography 2014, para. 115
- Paragraph text
- As she reaches the end of her mandate, the Special Rapporteur recognizes that, despite the significant efforts deployed, the growing magnitude of the risks makes children more vulnerable, raising significant concerns for the years ahead. Efforts need to be constantly strengthened and reassessed in order to ensure appropriate responses. Appropriate responses can only be formulated through genuine political commitment at the highest level. Laws, action plans and strategies are not enough if they are not translated into concrete actions, with adequate funding and capacities to be fully operational.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Approach, vision and work methods 2014, para. 13
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur will also seek to enhance cooperation with the Committee on the Rights of the Child, the Special Representative of the Secretary-General on Violence against Children and the Special Representative of the Secretary-General on Children in Armed Conflict, whose thematic mandates are by their nature bound up with the issues of sale and sexual exploitation of children. Modalities for cooperation may include regularly sharing information, coordinating activities and conducting joint actions, including issuing joint reports and organizing joint awareness-raising events. The Special Rapporteur will also look to strengthen interaction and cooperation with relevant regional mechanisms, in particular the Special Rapporteur on Rights of Women in Africa of the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights and the Office of the Rapporteur on the Rights of the Child of the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights. In addition, she will advocate the development of a permanent regional mechanism dedicated specifically to the promotion and protection of children's rights in Asia and the Pacific.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Women
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Reflection on a 6-year tenure as Special Rapporteur on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography 2014, para. 43
- Paragraph text
- The breakdown of families, communities and social and institutional structures during conflict and in its aftermath puts children at great risk of being sold, trafficked and sexually exploited. The World Development Report 2011 of the World Bank estimates that approximately 1.5 billion people live in countries affected by repeated cycles of political and criminal violence. The current nature of conflicts, mostly civil wars fought by armed groups rather than the military, disproportionately affects civilians. Children pay a high toll. A child living in a conflict-affected or fragile developing country is nearly three times more likely to be out of school than a child living in a developing country that is unaffected by these factors. Sexual and gender-based violence is a major issue, during and in the aftermath of conflict. Women and children account for close to 80 per cent of refugees and internally displaced persons. As more countries fall into conflict and high levels of political and criminal violence, involving an increasingly complex range of protagonists and ever more violent schemes, children will continue to be exposed to heightened risks.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Gender
- Humanitarian
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Reflection on a 6-year tenure as Special Rapporteur on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography 2014, para. 33
- Paragraph text
- Recent studies have highlighted numerous factors that have affected the ability of families to care for their children. With the economic crisis, parents have been forced to spend longer hours at work, leaving children unattended.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Comprehensive prevention strategies against sale and sexual exploitation of children 2013, para. 93
- Paragraph text
- During humanitarian crises following natural disasters or climate-related catastrophes, child-friendly and safe spaces should be established in temporary shelters or camps where every child can rest and play with a sense of normalcy and receive care and support under the supervision of trained professionals and appropriate security. Temporary shelter arrangements and the delivery of basic services should be established with a view to avoiding the accidental separation of children from their families.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Year
- 2013
Paragraph
Sexual exploitation of children in travel and tourism 2013, para. 97b
- Paragraph text
- [It should be ensured that child-sensitive services are available and regulated by quality standards (implemented by knowledgeable, well-trained staff and with adequate resources) and easily accessible to all children, by strengthening:] Child-friendly justice providing special and prompt protection and assistance to child victims that is appropriate to prevent further hardship and trauma;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2013
Paragraph
Protection of children from sale and sexual exploitation following humanitarian crisis due to natural disasters 2012, para. 89
- Paragraph text
- While States retain primary responsibility for the protection of children in a natural disaster, fulfilment of these obligations are frequently challenged as a result of absent or incapacitated institutional and legal structures. Despite the many actors and stakeholders providing emergency response services in natural disasters, children continue to face significant risk, both within and without the protection perimeter. The absence of a comprehensive framework for the coordination and allocation of roles and responsibilities of multiple international and local responders frequently leads to confusion, unnecessary duplication of efforts and substantial protection gaps. This is complicated by limitations or overlaps in organizational mandates - many of which do not address the issue of child protection - and a near absence of quantitative and qualitative data that would clarify the extent of risks faced by children in natural disasters.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Protection of children from sale and sexual exploitation following humanitarian crisis due to natural disasters 2012, para. 43
- Paragraph text
- Implementing a framework to coordinate and allocate the roles, responsibilities and resources of all actors on the ground is difficult in a natural disaster situation. Vast differences in organization mandates, resources and capacities tend to complicate a chaotic situation, which is further exacerbated by the absence of an effectively functioning legal and institutional framework of the State. An absence of information on the existence and location of children further compounds this problem, while gathered information is often incomplete.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Protection of children from sale and sexual exploitation following humanitarian crisis due to natural disasters 2012, para. 56
- Paragraph text
- Following the passage of Cyclone Nargis in Myanmar in 2008, the United Nations initiated a Protection of Women and Children Cluster that was jointly chaired by UNICEF and Save the Children. The cluster served as a forum for coordination and planning between the United Nations and NGOs to respond to the needs of child survivors who had lost families and other basic necessities. The response from all agencies was informed and coordinated, resulting in more efficient and effective programmes.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Women
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Protection of children from sale and sexual exploitation following humanitarian crisis due to natural disasters 2012, para. 114
- Paragraph text
- When possible, children should be evacuated from their place of residence with adult family members. Separation should be undertaken as a last resort, on a temporary basis, and only where it has been determined that protection and assistance cannot be provided in that location and when evacuation of the entire family is not possible or feasible. Evacuations should be kept to a location as close as possible to the child's home and family and undertaken with the informed and written consent of the parents and in the best interests of the child.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Protection of children from sale and sexual exploitation following humanitarian crisis due to natural disasters 2012, para. 19
- Paragraph text
- Extreme global weather conditions have a disproportionately negative impact on the world's poorest and most vulnerable people. It is known that the most vulnerable populations face different levels of risk and have different capacities to recover. A huge proportion of those at risk are children, many of whom are living in low-income countries. Save the Children estimates that over the next ten years, up to 175 million children are likely to be affected by natural disasters each year. Multiple interacting political and socio-economic factors increase children's vulnerability to sale and exploitation, and humanitarian crises, such as natural disasters, further increase this vulnerability.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Protection of children from sale and sexual exploitation following humanitarian crisis due to natural disasters 2012, para. 101
- Paragraph text
- A comprehensive overview is needed to review mandate issues as well as the effective coordination between relevant stakeholders. All organizations and sectoral services should review their delivery processes in emergency situations to ensure that their systems and practices do not, even inadvertently, heighten risks faced by children. They must also ensure that their policy and programmatic activities are in full compliance with the guidelines and standards established by international organizations and inter-agency initiatives in relation to child protection in natural disasters.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Protection of children from sale and sexual exploitation following humanitarian crisis due to natural disasters 2012, para. 109
- Paragraph text
- Efforts should be undertaken to accurately record the basic details of a child's identity, including the name of the child and her/his parents, details of their residence and community, the date of evacuation, and to whom the child was entrusted for care. Each child should receive a copy of his/her file which should stay on their person and should include travel documents. Each child should have a name tag pinned to his/her clothing which also indicates the name of the child's community of origin. When possible, a photograph of the child should be taken and included in the files. Copies of files should be given to parents, national authorities, the organization responsible for evacuation (if necessary) and a neutral monitoring agency, such as the ICRC's Central Tracing Agency.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Protection of children from sale and sexual exploitation following humanitarian crisis due to natural disasters 2012, para. 39
- Paragraph text
- CPWG provides practical guidance through its handbooks and toolkits on child protection in emergency situations. A CPWG task force is currently developing a set of minimum standards for child protection in emergencies on issues such as family tracing and reunification, child-friendly spaces and the reintegration of children.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Protection of children from sale and sexual exploitation following humanitarian crisis due to natural disasters 2012, para. 21
- Paragraph text
- Programmatic approaches differ between countries so that organizations and field practitioners are left to improvise responses. Programmes, policies and guidelines for child protection are complex and despite explicit references to child protection in the Convention on the Rights of the Child, their implementation has been the slowest in humanitarian crises. The vast majority of child protection responses remain reactive, disorganized and severely underfunded. Consequently, there is a critical need for specific management of children's vulnerability.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Protection of children from sale and sexual exploitation following humanitarian crisis due to natural disasters 2012, para. 74
- Paragraph text
- The establishment and effective implementation of monitoring and accountability systems is integral to the promotion of child protection in emergency response activities. Although a number of States provide a means for monitoring the placement of children in alternative care arrangements through various Government ministries, very few States have developed a comprehensive system to review the progress and challenges faced by a community - and children in particular - after a natural disaster.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph