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Effective Implementation of the OPSC 2010, para. 41
- Paragraph text
- In the face of poverty, inaccessibility to basic social services and lack of opportunity, families find themselves unable to ensure the development and safety of their children. They adopt survival strategies that may endanger their children. Some parents emigrate in search of a better future, leaving their children behind, while some children emigrate on their own initiative or at their family's urging, and are handed over, for a fee, to exploiting individuals who push them into work. These children are more vulnerable to all forms of exploitation and abuse.
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Movement
- Poverty
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Reflection on a 6-year tenure as Special Rapporteur on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography 2014, para. 36
- Paragraph text
- Poverty exacerbates vulnerability when combined with other risk factors. When poverty is combined with one or several negative events, such as drought, loss of employment or death or illness of a family member, it places significant stress on families. When State institutions and social services are not able to provide adequate support for families in their child-rearing responsibilities and to offer adequate protection to children, poverty becomes a risk factor.
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Poverty
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Sexual exploitation of children in travel and tourism 2013, para. 38
- Paragraph text
- Families most at risk include those living in extreme poverty with no access to health care, education and the labour market, those dependent on seasonal economies or those from minority groups. Push factors within the family may include alcoholism and other addictions, unemployment, illnesses, domestic violence, single parent families, debts and migration from rural to city areas. Families may themselves promote the exploitation of the child, expecting him/her to help provide for the family, while both exploiters and paedophiles may easily deceive them by offering quick money and a supposedly better future for their children. In the worst cases, neighbours, friends and even close relatives consciously sell these children to be exploited.
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Health
- Poverty
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Year
- 2013
Paragraph
Reflection on a 6-year tenure as Special Rapporteur on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography 2014, para. 34
- Paragraph text
- However, economic circumstances are not the only factors that weaken families. A UNICEF study has found that children in Eastern Europe and Central Asia are increasingly being separated from their parents, indicating greater vulnerability of families. The study underlines that the fact that the vast array of causes, including poverty, single parenthood, migration, deprivation of parental rights, and disability of the child, actually reflect a lack of access to social services in support of parenting, including day-care or educational facilities.
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Poverty
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Joint report with SRSG Violence against Children on child-sensitive complaint mechanisms 2011, para. 53
- Paragraph text
- It is argued that the stronger the links are between the child protection system and the community, the less need there is for mandatory reporting, because child welfare personnel will become aware of most cases of violence without it. Mandatory reporting may also create an adversarial relationship between families and child protection authorities, and discourage families from seeking assistance voluntarily; and it can stigmatize families affected by extreme poverty and unemployment when the scope of mandatory reporting includes neglect. These concerns underline the need for mandatory reporting to be adapted to the needs and circumstances of each society.
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Poverty
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive prevention strategies against sale and sexual exploitation of children 2013, para. 56
- Paragraph text
- Poverty is too often considered the primary cause of the sale of children, child prostitution, and child pornography. Poverty does have an impact on families and communities by creating stresses that weaken the family and social fabric and driving children away from their homes in search of better opportunities. However, poverty alone is not the sole driver of the sale and exploitation of children. Children in equally poor situations may not be at similar risk of exploitation. Research has shown that child victims of exploitation are typically from families experiencing high levels of poverty and single or persistent negative shocks, such as drought, loss of employment, death or the severe illness of a family member. The "poverty plus" approach underlines that poverty combined with other risk factors increases vulnerability.
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Poverty
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Year
- 2013
Paragraph
Effective Implementation of the OPSC 2010, para. 100
- Paragraph text
- Poverty and lack of a family environment are often the cause of institutionalization.
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Poverty
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Families
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Study on illegal adoptions 2017, para. 54
- Paragraph text
- Vulnerability owing to poverty underlies decisions to abandon children and relinquish parental rights over them, thus rendering them adoptable. Nevertheless, poverty alone cannot be invoked as sufficient justification for placing or receiving a child in alternative care. National authorities and foreign actors - the latter being more inclined to finance "orphanages" than family-strengthening programmes - are failing in their responsibilities to support vulnerable families through comprehensive child protection systems.
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Poverty
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Year
- 2017
Paragraph
Effective Implementation of the OPSC 2010, para. 76
- Paragraph text
- Domestic violence, the absence of one or both parents and poverty mean that it is no longer the case that families always constitute a reference point and safe haven for children.
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Poverty
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Effective Implementation of the OPSC 2010, para. 91
- Paragraph text
- Such migration, both internal and external, can occur in response to individual imperatives (such as the search for economic or professional opportunities), or to family and communal imperatives in connection with survival strategies or efforts to find suitable social or educational environments for children. Permanent and seasonal migrations, whether cross-border or within a country, are dictated by poverty, deteriorating living conditions, chronic drought, armed conflict and/or political instability.
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Poverty
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Sale of children for the purpose of forced labour 2016, para. 51
- Paragraph text
- Socioeconomic factors are prominent determinants of the sale of children for the purpose of forced labour. Studies on child labour in domestic work have highlighted how poverty is a constant variable underlying the practice, sometimes to repay family debts. Targeting poor families has been found to be part of a deliberate strategy by recruiters, especially in cases where the sale of children for the purpose of forced labour involves organized criminal groups or intermediaries.
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Poverty
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Year
- 2016
Paragraph
Sale of children for the purpose of forced labour 2016, para. 65
- Paragraph text
- During conflict, armed groups destroy the social and economic environment and interrupt the delivery of social services, dismantling a protective environment for children and driving the population into dire poverty. Families may entrust their children to intermediaries who then exploit them for various purposes. The long-lasting effects of institutional breakdown enable trafficking to flourish and lead to its persistence after a conflict has ended (see A/HRC/32/41).
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Poverty
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Year
- 2016
Paragraph
Sale of children for the purpose of forced labour 2016, para. 52
- Paragraph text
- Families living in poverty may be confronted by events affecting the family's income, such as the loss of a job, an economic crisis or a natural disaster affecting production, or the illness or death of the family's breadwinner. The impact of such shocks may drive families into survival strategies, resorting to debt or delivering children for the purpose of labour or other forms of exploitation. Children from families with only one or no living parent have been found to be particularly vulnerable to being exploited for domestic work or fishing.
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Environment
- Poverty
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Year
- 2016
Paragraph
13 shown of 13 entities