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Sexual exploitation of children in travel and tourism 2013, para. 90
- Paragraph text
- While many efforts have been made at global and national levels to set standards and develop policies and laws in view of preventing and combating child sexual exploitation in travel and tourism, challenges still remain due to: the lack of available data; the legal gaps persisting in many countries and legal disparities between countries; insufficient awareness-raising and training; the weakness of child-sensitive complaint mechanism, care and protection services owing partly to scarce resources and duly trained staff; the weak consideration of children's inputs and participation; the insufficiency of transnational cooperation facilitating the sharing of information and technical expertise; the lack of prosecution of offenders and of extraterritorial jurisdiction; and the lack of cooperation from some business operators.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2013
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Sale of children for the purpose of forced labour 2016, para. 97
- Paragraph text
- The sale of children for the purpose of forced labour is a multifaceted phenomenon with diverse root causes, risk factors, manifestations and effects. Families may use the sale of children for the purpose of forced labour as a coping strategy for survival. Children, whether sold or entrusted to a third party, may fall into the hands of traffickers, who will in turn sell them for forced labour. They may also end up under the control of criminal organized groups. Demand for products with competitive prices is also a pull factor for the sale of children for forced labour and labour exploitation. In conflict situations, lawlessness and social, economic and institutional breakdown, as well as deliberate conflict strategies, may lead children to be abducted and sold for the purpose of forced labour.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Sale of children for the purpose of forced labour 2016, para. 99n
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur invites all States to:] Ensure that children who have been sold for the purpose of forced labour have the ability to be heard and contribute to developing strategies to address the phenomenon in a way that ensures that their rights and needs are taken into account.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Tackling the demand for the sexual exploitation of children 2016, para. 85
- Paragraph text
- There is a need for State intervention when the private sector does not take sufficient measures to ensure that it does not become or remain a facilitator in the demand for the sexual exploitation of children. Measures such as conducting background checks, particularly for employment that involves coming into contact with children, such as childcare workers, should become a mandatory practice.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Sexual exploitation of children in travel and tourism 2013, para. 100g
- Paragraph text
- [Sustainable and coordinated transnational cooperation should be established, though:] Providing sustainable technical and financial support to developing countries, both in existing and emerging tourist destinations in view to ensure a better prevention and protection of all the children from sexual exploitation in travel and tourism.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2013
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Sale of children for the purpose of forced labour 2016, para. 99e
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur invites all States to:] Carry out primary research and collect qualitative and quantitative data to better understand the situation of children sold for the purpose of forced labour and the factors of vulnerability, in order to develop adequate interventions;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Effective Implementation of the OPSC 2010, para. 126
- Paragraph text
- [The implementation of such systems relies on the following:] Corporate social responsibility that is enhanced and extended to various sectors (tourism, travel, transportation, agriculture, financial services, media, Internet and telecommunications): adoption of a code of conduct; support for action on prevention and protection through public-private partnerships;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2010
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Sexual exploitation of children in travel and tourism 2013, para. 92
- Paragraph text
- States should demonstrate a strong political commitment in preventing and combating child sex tourism, taking into account that such policies would not be detrimental to the tourism industry, while ensuring the fulfilment of their legal obligations
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Environment
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2013
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Protection of children from sale and sexual exploitation following humanitarian crisis due to natural disasters 2012, para. 130
- Paragraph text
- Steps should be taken to trace and stop the flow of financial transactions related to the sale of children, and to train border guards and national police to detect and intercept attempts to remove children from the country without proper identification and documentation.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2012
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Sexual exploitation of children in travel and tourism 2013, para. 100f
- Paragraph text
- [Sustainable and coordinated transnational cooperation should be established, though:] Supporting multi-stakeholder events which disseminate good practices, strategies and practical actions for the tourism industry on child protection as part of responsible tourism;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2013
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Tackling the demand for the sexual exploitation of children 2016, para. 82d
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur invites all States to:] Pay particular attention to the prosecution and conviction of all intermediaries, such as procurers, traffickers and facilitators in the tourism and entertainment industries, as well as financial and technology sector staff, at every level of the supply chain in order to effectively stem the sexual exploitation of children;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Sexual exploitation of children in travel and tourism 2013, para. 95c
- Paragraph text
- [Ministries of Tourism or relevant State departments designated to develop tourism and national tourism associations should be encouraged to prioritize and implement child protection initiatives, such as:] Create incentives for tourism companies to actively prioritize child protection and take clear action to combat the sexual exploitation of children;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Environment
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2013
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Sexual exploitation of children in travel and tourism 2013, para. 91
- Paragraph text
- In order to ensure an effective protection of all the children from sexual exploitation in travel and tourism the Special Rapporteur recommends the following actions.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Environment
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2013
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Sale of children for the purpose of forced labour 2016, para. 99l
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur invites all States to:] Address the root causes of the demand for the forced labour of children through comprehensive awareness-raising and the education of society at large on the rights of the child, non-discrimination and gender equality;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Comprehensive prevention strategies against sale and sexual exploitation of children 2013, para. 35
- Paragraph text
- Children living in difficult conditions are likely to be tempted by the prospect of living independently, in a bigger city, and earning money and sending money home. Especially for older children, the search for a better life and economic opportunities can prompt risky choices. They may be more prone to accepting solicitations by brokers and potential employers or to migrating on their own, all of which expose them to trafficking and exploitative situations. Some children may also engage in risky behaviours, such as the consumption of drugs and alcohol and involvement in criminal gangs. Vulnerability is primarily relational. It is highly dependent on the child's situation in a given context, namely, environment, social norms and a variety of possible shocks. An individual child's characteristics only become a source of vulnerability if the child's environment fails to provide a protective framework or contributes to exposing the child to risk.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Older persons
- Year
- 2013
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Sale of children for the purpose of forced labour 2016, para. 28
- Paragraph text
- A review of global estimates of trafficking in human beings makes it possible to highlight a number of common features characterizing the sale of children for the purpose of forced labour. First, the share of children trafficked for the purpose of forced labour is increasing and the share of children involved in forced labour is particularly high. Second, while in Europe and Central Asia children may be sold for the purpose of forced begging and petty crime, in the rest of Asia and in the Americas a high proportion of child victims may be sold for economic exploitation. Lastly, there are significant regional disparities and a lack of common definitions affects the reliability of estimates, most likely leading to underestimates.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Information and communication technologies and the sale and sexual exploitation of children 2015, para. 75
- Paragraph text
- Initiatives seeking to strengthen corporate social responsibility have developed considerably, building concurrently on the private sector's voluntary efforts to take action. Industry has a long tradition of working with key child protection partners. Those partners make considerable financial contributions to combating child exploitation and provide technical expertise to supplement law enforcement. In coming years, efforts should focus on the consolidation of successful initiatives and good practices which are compliant with international standards, including the Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (contained in A/HRC/17/31, annex).
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Information and communication technologies and the sale and sexual exploitation of children 2015, para. 77
- Paragraph text
- Financial institutions have adopted more coordinated approaches. In 2006, the Financial Coalition against Child Pornography was established in the United States, which is a coalition of the major banks and financial clearing houses. They were brought together by the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children and the International Centre for Missing and Exploited Children with a shared commitment to fight child pornography by blocking the commercial element. It currently covers 90 per cent of the United States financial industry. Since its inception there has been a 50 per cent reduction in commercial websites reported to the National Center, demonstrating significant impact.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Sale of children for the purpose of forced labour 2016, para. 90
- Paragraph text
- The adoption of the Sustainable Development Goals has given a renewed impetus to international cooperation in combating the exploitation of children. The need to foster multi-stakeholders partnerships across countries to address the phenomenon has led to the development of an alliance around Goal 8.7, which aims to eliminate forced labour, modern slavery, human trafficking and all forms of child labour. Alliance 8.7 seeks to gather a range of actors, from Governments, civil society, international organizations, academia, representatives of employers and employees and the private sector, towards the realization of Goal 8.7.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Effective Implementation of the OPSC 2010, para. 41
- Paragraph text
- In the face of poverty, inaccessibility to basic social services and lack of opportunity, families find themselves unable to ensure the development and safety of their children. They adopt survival strategies that may endanger their children. Some parents emigrate in search of a better future, leaving their children behind, while some children emigrate on their own initiative or at their family's urging, and are handed over, for a fee, to exploiting individuals who push them into work. These children are more vulnerable to all forms of exploitation and abuse.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Movement
- Poverty
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Year
- 2010
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Sexual exploitation of children in travel and tourism 2013, para. 88
- Paragraph text
- Great attention has been given to the problem of child sex tourism by the United States Department of State's Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons, especially in its 2006 edition of the Trafficking in Persons Report. References to origin and destination countries in the report indicate that the Office is evaluating foreign Governments' efforts against child sex tourism as part of its reporting mechanism, thereby sending a string message to countries on the issue. The Office also works to combat the problem of child sex tourism via its grant-making initiatives.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2013
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Information and communication technologies and the sale and sexual exploitation of children 2015, para. 78
- Paragraph text
- The success of the Financial Coalition led to Europe creating its own financial coalition. The European Financial Coalition against Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children Online was established in 2009 and consists of some of the major online payment providers but with fewer banks. Other regions have also developed their own versions, the latest being the Asia Pacific Financial Coalition. Each region should establish a coalition to make it increasingly difficult for people to exploit children for financial benefit.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Sale of children for the purpose of forced labour 2016, para. 67
- Paragraph text
- Due to the control their employers exercise over them, children sold for the purpose of forced labour are particularly vulnerable to violence and abuse. For example, child labour in domestic work makes children vulnerable to sexual violence and abuse, as well as beatings and degrading treatment. Children, in particular girls, involved in forced labour in manufacturing, such as the garment industry, are often victims of sexual violence. In armed conflict, systematic sexual violence and enslavement is often a daily reality for girls (see A/HRC/32/CRP.2).
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Girls
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Sale of children for the purpose of forced labour 2016, para. 81
- Paragraph text
- Increased attention has also been paid to the need for due diligence, a process whereby private companies are called upon to ensure respect for human rights standards and to set up adequate mechanisms to that end. The European Commission has devoted specific attention to the situation of employment and recruitment agencies in that context, issuing a guidebook inviting such agencies to consider the impact of their practices on human rights, including in countries with weak legal and institutional frameworks.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Comprehensive prevention strategies against sale and sexual exploitation of children 2013, para. 108
- Paragraph text
- The Financial Coalition against Child Pornography in the United States of America, for example, is an alliance between the public sector and leading banks, credit card companies, electronic payment networks, third party payments companies and Internet service companies, which together representing nearly 90 per cent of the payment industry in the country, aiming to combat child pornography. The model has expanded worldwide. A similar coalition was created in the Asia and Pacific region. In 2012, the European Financial Coalition against Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children Online was launched, with support from the European Commission.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2013
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Sexual exploitation of children in travel and tourism 2013, para. 87
- Paragraph text
- Given extreme complexity of crimes of child sex tourism, Interpol works closely with other agencies and NGOs in this area. Project Childhood for example brought together Interpol, the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime and World Vision to address and combat the issue of sexual exploitation and trafficking in the Greater Mekong region. The Project takes a dual approach to fighting the sources of child exploitation in the travel and tourism sectors, working both on prevention and protection by: providing capacity-building of law enforcement agencies, technical assistance responding to key legislative, training and cooperation gaps and needs, raising awareness, promoting tourism alternatives that do not exploit children and supporting victims.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2013
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Sexual exploitation of children in travel and tourism 2013, para. 74
- Paragraph text
- With regard to awareness-raising, tour operators, travel agencies, airlines and other travel and tourism companies have developed information materials to inform their customers that CST is a problem which not only does exist in multiple tourist destinations, but is also illegal and has dire consequences for children. Information materials include travel brochures, ticket-holders, luggage tags, video clips and public service announcements. Recognizing the importance of having informed and skilled human resources to implement prevention and protection initiatives, both travel/tourism companies and law enforcement agencies have also developed specific training programmes on the issue of CST.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2013
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Sexual exploitation of children in travel and tourism 2013, para. 77
- Paragraph text
- With the mainstreaming of responsible and sustainable tourism and corporate social responsibility, companies have realized the importance of their role in protecting children from CST. Organizations such as the International Hotel and Restaurant Association or the International Association of Travel and Tourism Professionals have made public declarations condemning sexual exploitation of children in tourism and promoting action by NGOs and travel companies to ensure that tourists are not involved in such exploitation. Additional public declarations have been made by the International Air Transport Association, the Federation of International Youth Travel Organizations and the Group of National Tour Operators' Associations within the European Union.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2013
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Sexual exploitation of children in travel and tourism 2013, para. 78
- Paragraph text
- Most significant, however, in the area of CSR has been the development of the Code of Conduct for the Protection of Children from Sexual Exploitation in Travel and Tourism, an industry-driven, multi-stakeholder initiative which seeks to increase protection of children from sexual exploitation in travel and tourism. All members of the tourism industry can join the Code and commit themselves to implementing six practical criteria: to establish an ethical policy regarding commercial sexual exploitation of children; to train the personnel in the country of origin and travel destinations; to introduce clauses in contracts with suppliers, stating a common repudiating of sexual exploitation of children; to provide information to travellers by means of awareness materials (catalogues, brochures, in-flight films, ticket-slips, home pages, etc); to provide information to local "key persons" in tourism destinations; and to report annually. The implementation is flexible, depending on the profile, scale of operation, type of company and applicable national legislation.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2013
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Effective Implementation of the OPSC 2010, para. 83
- Paragraph text
- The fact is that, to some extent, street children are present in all the world's cities, including the largest and richest cities in the industrialized world.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2010
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph