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Rights of indigenous peoples, including their economic, social and cultural rights in the post-2015 development framework 2014, para. 67
- Paragraph text
- Pervasive discrimination against indigenous peoples in many places results in the failure to respect the value of skills related to traditional knowledge and indigenous identity, for example the ability to speak an indigenous language. In addition to the general discrimination against indigenous peoples in employment and occupations, they are particularly vulnerable to the most extreme forms of labour exploitation, such as hazardous labour conditions, child labour and forced labour. The latter includes: the bonded labour of indigenous peoples in several countries in South Asia; slavery-like practices in parts of Africa; and debt-bondage in parts of Latin America. Indigenous women and children face additional risks related to trafficking and sexual exploitation, as well as exploitation in the context of domestic work.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Ethnic minorities
- Women
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Rights of indigenous peoples, including their economic, social and cultural rights in the post-2015 development framework 2014, para. 85c
- Paragraph text
- [Overcoming discrimination against indigenous peoples, and indigenous women in particular, will require concerted efforts and, in many cases, special measures. The Special Rapporteur expresses her hope that the global community is ready to take the necessary steps to end the historical injustices committed against indigenous peoples, and provides the following recommendations to that effect:] States should adopt broad measures to ensure respect for indigenous peoples' labour rights, as well as special measures to address the situation of groups that are most vulnerable to forced labour, child labour, sexual exploitation and trafficking;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Ethnic minorities
- Women
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Rights of indigenous women and girls 2015, para. 7
- Paragraph text
- All the provisions of the Declaration apply equally to indigenous women and indigenous men. Article 22 (2) specifically provides that States shall take measures, in conjunction with indigenous peoples, to ensure that indigenous women and children enjoy the full protection and guarantees against all forms of violence and discrimination. In the outcome document of the high-level plenary meeting of the General Assembly known as the World Conference on Indigenous Peoples, which focused on indigenous women, the participating Heads of State and Government, ministers and representatives of Member States invited the Human Rights Council to consider examining the causes and consequences of violence against indigenous women and girls, in consultation with the Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences, the Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples and other special procedures mandate holders.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Ethnic minorities
- Girls
- Women
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
Rights of indigenous women and girls 2015, para. 14
- Paragraph text
- Such multiple victimization and the denial of the agency of indigenous women has had a pronounced impact on the prevalence of violence and abuses through the entrenchment of power structures that create and perpetuate systematic vulnerability. The further loss of women's agency caused by those violations then negatively impacts collective efforts to fight group rights, thereby contributing to negative cyclical patterns.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Gender
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Ethnic minorities
- Women
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
Rights of indigenous women and girls 2015, para. 46
- Paragraph text
- The issue of violence against women is indivisibly linked to the categories of rights discussed above. In fact, the endemic violations of collective, civil and political, and economic, social and cultural rights can be seen as constituting a form of structural violence against indigenous women and girls. Structural violence results in women being victimized by the realities of the circumstances of their everyday life and routinely excluded from the rights and resources otherwise guaranteed to citizens. Structural violence is interlinked and mutually reinforcing with other forms of violence, as discussed below.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Ethnic minorities
- Girls
- Women
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
Rights of indigenous women and girls 2015, para. 47a
- Paragraph text
- [Indigenous women are significantly more likely to experience rape than non-indigenous women. It has been estimated that more than one in three indigenous women are raped during their lifetime. Behind these shocking statistics are multiple forms of sexual violence against indigenous women by a multitude of actors in different geographical regions. Coordinated and comparative information on sexual violence is very limited, due in part to significant underreporting and a lack of investment in disaggregated data collection that include indigenous women and communities. That makes analysis of systemic level prevalence and trends very difficult. Different forms of sexual violence have been reported, including the following:] Rape, which can be perpetrated by individuals known to the indigenous woman and girl, as a form of control, punishment and/or abuse;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Gender
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Ethnic minorities
- Girls
- Women
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
Rights of indigenous women and girls 2015, para. 47b
- Paragraph text
- [Indigenous women are significantly more likely to experience rape than non-indigenous women. It has been estimated that more than one in three indigenous women are raped during their lifetime. Behind these shocking statistics are multiple forms of sexual violence against indigenous women by a multitude of actors in different geographical regions. Coordinated and comparative information on sexual violence is very limited, due in part to significant underreporting and a lack of investment in disaggregated data collection that include indigenous women and communities. That makes analysis of systemic level prevalence and trends very difficult. Different forms of sexual violence have been reported, including the following:] Large numbers of indigenous women and girls work in domestic households. Domestic work is outside of the regulatory framework for employers, which leaves women and girls isolated and vulnerable to rape and abuse by employers;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Gender
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Ethnic minorities
- Girls
- Women
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
Rights of indigenous women and girls 2015, para. 47c
- Paragraph text
- [Indigenous women are significantly more likely to experience rape than non-indigenous women. It has been estimated that more than one in three indigenous women are raped during their lifetime. Behind these shocking statistics are multiple forms of sexual violence against indigenous women by a multitude of actors in different geographical regions. Coordinated and comparative information on sexual violence is very limited, due in part to significant underreporting and a lack of investment in disaggregated data collection that include indigenous women and communities. That makes analysis of systemic level prevalence and trends very difficult. Different forms of sexual violence have been reported, including the following:] Women have reportedly been subjected to harassment, extortion and rape by State officials at border crossings. For example, Miskito women, whose territories straddle Nicaragua and Honduras and who cross national borders every day to work their lands or to gather medicinal plants, are routinely exposed to sexual violence. In addition, military officials may perpetrate sexual violence as a weapon to weaken the resolve of indigenous communities in militarized disputes over land and resources;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Ethnic minorities
- Women
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
Rights of indigenous women and girls 2015, para. 47d
- Paragraph text
- [Indigenous women are significantly more likely to experience rape than non-indigenous women. It has been estimated that more than one in three indigenous women are raped during their lifetime. Behind these shocking statistics are multiple forms of sexual violence against indigenous women by a multitude of actors in different geographical regions. Coordinated and comparative information on sexual violence is very limited, due in part to significant underreporting and a lack of investment in disaggregated data collection that include indigenous women and communities. That makes analysis of systemic level prevalence and trends very difficult. Different forms of sexual violence have been reported, including the following:] In the United States, large numbers of indigenous women have experienced rape perpetrated by men outside of their communities. According to statistics, Native American and Alaska Native women are more than 2.5 times more likely to be raped or sexually assaulted than other women in the United States; and 86 per cent of the reported cases of rape or sexual assault against American Indian and Alaska Native women are perpetrated by non-Native men;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Ethnic minorities
- Women
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
Rights of indigenous women and girls 2015, para. 47e
- Paragraph text
- [Indigenous women are significantly more likely to experience rape than non-indigenous women. It has been estimated that more than one in three indigenous women are raped during their lifetime. Behind these shocking statistics are multiple forms of sexual violence against indigenous women by a multitude of actors in different geographical regions. Coordinated and comparative information on sexual violence is very limited, due in part to significant underreporting and a lack of investment in disaggregated data collection that include indigenous women and communities. That makes analysis of systemic level prevalence and trends very difficult. Different forms of sexual violence have been reported, including the following:] Indigenous women have reportedly been subjected to sexual violence by men from other indigenous groups. In the Great Lakes Region of Africa, one Batwa woman reported that Bantu men violated Pygmy women from the Congo, claiming that they did it to treat medical complaints;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Gender
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Ethnic minorities
- Women
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
Rights of indigenous women and girls 2015, para. 47f
- Paragraph text
- [Indigenous women are significantly more likely to experience rape than non-indigenous women. It has been estimated that more than one in three indigenous women are raped during their lifetime. Behind these shocking statistics are multiple forms of sexual violence against indigenous women by a multitude of actors in different geographical regions. Coordinated and comparative information on sexual violence is very limited, due in part to significant underreporting and a lack of investment in disaggregated data collection that include indigenous women and communities. That makes analysis of systemic level prevalence and trends very difficult. Different forms of sexual violence have been reported, including the following:] There have been reports from NGOs that indigenous women have been raped by individual and multiple perpetrators in the context of business activities on indigenous lands.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Ethnic minorities
- Women
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
Rights of indigenous women and girls 2015, para. 48
- Paragraph text
- The variety of forms of sexual violence reflects, to some extent, the different experiences of indigenous women and girls around the world. It also reflects the multidimensional ways in which indigenous women are vulnerable to violence and the severe threat of revictimization.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Ethnic minorities
- Girls
- Women
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
Rights of indigenous women and girls 2015, para. 49
- Paragraph text
- Gender-based killings have been defined by the Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences, in her 2012 report (A/HRC/20/16), as direct or indirect gender-motivated killings, which take place in the family, in communities and which are sometimes perpetrated or condoned by States through act and/or omission. She describes such killings as an extreme form of violence, which is part of a continuum of violence that is influenced by the sources of structural vulnerability in place in women's lives. In her report, the Special Rapporteur described how the phenomenon can impact indigenous women, as a result of their social, cultural, economic and political marginalization and oppression that culminates in violence. Gender-based killings of indigenous women can take a variety of forms, including murder within communities; retaliation for defending their human rights; conflict-related; in the context of displacement from their communities due to dispossession of land; reports of "missing women" who are assumed to have been killed.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Gender
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Ethnic minorities
- Women
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
Rights of indigenous women and girls 2015, para. 50
- Paragraph text
- The Native Women's Association of Canada and Amnesty International document and report cases of missing and murdered indigenous women and girls in Canada. Those reports have been submitted to the Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues, the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women, the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, as well as to the previous and current Special Rapporteurs on the rights of indigenous peoples. Statistics from the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, in 2014, indicate that indigenous women are four times more likely to be murdered than non-indigenous women. The report also states that 1,017 indigenous women and girls were murdered between 1980 and 2012. The bodies mentioned above have put forward several recommendations, including the following: (a) a national action plan to end violence against indigenous women, which addresses the root causes of violence and identifies holistic, culturally-appropriate ways to prevent violence and support those affected by violence; (b) a national public inquiry into missing and murdered indigenous women, focusing on exposing the nature of that form of violence and on ensuring Government and police accountability for an effective and coordinated response; and (c) regular, comprehensive data collection on violence against indigenous women in official crime statistics. Unfortunately, the long-awaited national public inquiry has not yet taken place. As recommended by the previous Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples and the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women, the Canadian Government should undertake a full, independent inquiry into the cases of missing and murdered aboriginal women and girls.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Ethnic minorities
- Girls
- Women
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
Rights of indigenous women and girls 2015, para. 51
- Paragraph text
- Indigenous women are often caught in the crossfire of conflict situations and subjected to militarized violence. Conflicts may be between different ethnic groups and may also involve government forces and business actors. Indigenous women and girls have been victims of gender-based violence in conflicts for example in Colombia, Guatemala, Mexico, Nicaragua, Peru, the Philippines and Nigeria.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Gender
- Humanitarian
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Ethnic minorities
- Girls
- Women
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
Rights of indigenous women and girls 2015, para. 53a
- Paragraph text
- [Examples of violence against women in a military context include the following:] In Colombia, indigenous women and girls are commonly subjected to patterns of rape, forced prostitution and exploitation in the context of occupation of indigenous land;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Gender
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Ethnic minorities
- Girls
- Women
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
Rights of indigenous women and girls 2015, para. 53b
- Paragraph text
- [Examples of violence against women in a military context include the following:] In Bangladesh, indigenous women face multiple forms of discrimination and there is a high prevalence of sexual violence, including as a weapon in community conflict in rural areas;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Humanitarian
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Ethnic minorities
- Women
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
Rights of indigenous women and girls 2015, para. 53c
- Paragraph text
- [Examples of violence against women in a military context include the following:] In the States of Karen, Karenni, Mon and Shan, Myanmar, indigenous women are in daily contact with the soldiers of the Burmese army that occupies the area. The Rapporteur has found that rape of indigenous women is not only a form of "entertainment" for the soldiers, but part of a strategy to demoralize and weaken the indigenous communities. Soldiers reportedly use rape to coerce women into marriage and to impregnate women as part of the forced cultural assimilation policy;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Gender
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Ethnic minorities
- Women
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
Rights of indigenous women and girls 2015, para. 53d
- Paragraph text
- [Examples of violence against women in a military context include the following:] In Fiji, India, Myanmar, Nepal, the Philippines, Thailand and Timor-Leste, the militarization of conflict over indigenous land has led to gang-rape, sexual enslavement and killing of tribal women and girls;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Gender
- Humanitarian
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Ethnic minorities
- Girls
- Women
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
Rights of indigenous women and girls 2015, para. 53e
- Paragraph text
- [Examples of violence against women in a military context include the following:] There have been reports of indigenous women in the Democratic Republic of the Congo being victims of rape by armed groups and the military;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Gender
- Humanitarian
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Ethnic minorities
- Women
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
Rights of indigenous women and girls 2015, para. 53f
- Paragraph text
- [Examples of violence against women in a military context include the following:] In north-western Kenya, British soldiers stationed in the area since the 1980s have reportedly raped more than 1,400 Masai and Samburu women. Rape survivors and their families still suffer from the legacy of those attacks, such as stigmatization of families with mixed-race children.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Gender
- Humanitarian
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Ethnic minorities
- Families
- Women
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
Rights of indigenous women and girls 2015, para. 54
- Paragraph text
- As discussed by the Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences in her 2007 thematic report, culture-based identity politics can be used to justify violence against women in the name of traditional practices and/or values. Practices commonly carried out in the name of tradition, such as female gender mutilation and child marriage, impact some but not all indigenous communities. The fact that those traditional practices cut across religious, geographical and ethnic characteristics demonstrate that there are multidimensional causal factors and that no one factor attributed to the identity of women makes them vulnerable. Violations suffered by indigenous women and girls must be viewed within the context of the broad spectrum of violations experienced and their specific vulnerabilities as members of indigenous communities.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Harmful Practices
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Ethnic minorities
- Girls
- Women
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
Rights of indigenous women and girls 2015, para. 57
- Paragraph text
- Information on domestic violence is limited due to underreporting and lack of investment in data collection. Nonetheless, available data suggests that indigenous women are significantly more likely to be victims of domestic violence than non-indigenous women.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Ethnic minorities
- Women
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
Rights of indigenous women and girls 2015, para. 58
- Paragraph text
- Domestic violence can have grave consequences for victims, including mental health problems, substance abuse, severe health issues and difficulties in providing care to children. Those consequences may be felt more acutely by indigenous women owing to lack of access to support services and justice, as well as their specific cultural and economic circumstances.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Ethnic minorities
- Women
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
Rights of indigenous women and girls 2015, para. 59
- Paragraph text
- Domestic violence must be considered within the context of the broader human rights abuses of indigenous communities. A number of potential root causes have been identified, many of which are linked to human rights issues specific to indigenous peoples and historical violations of their rights, including a violent family environment; abusive State policies at a young age; financial problems and poverty; unemployment; lack of education; poor physical and mental health; racism-induced stress; denial of rights to self-determination, land and culture, among others, leading to loss of identity and self-esteem; and a breakdown of community kinship systems and Aboriginal law. While nothing can negate domestic violence, which is a serious crime, strategies for its reduction and elimination must take into account both its causes and consequences through a holistic and human rights-based lens. Interventions such as support and recovery services must also be sensitive to the specific needs of indigenous women and girls.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Health
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Ethnic minorities
- Families
- Girls
- Women
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
Rights of indigenous women and girls 2015, para. 60a
- Paragraph text
- [Compelled by economic need, armed conflict and denial of self-determination and land rights in the context of major economic development projects, many indigenous peoples migrate from their home communities in rural areas to urban centres. Indigenous women and girls who leave their communities are highly vulnerable to trafficking, which can lead to multiple violations of their human rights, including severe economic and sexual exploitation and sexual violence. There are also cases of indigenous women being targeted by organized traffickers within their own communities. Reports of trafficking of indigenous women and children include the following:] In the Miskitu communities of Nicaragua, indigenous women have reported the phenomenon of selling and trafficking of indigenous girls and boys, citing communitarian violence as the cause;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Boys
- Children
- Ethnic minorities
- Girls
- Women
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
Rights of indigenous women and girls 2015, para. 60b
- Paragraph text
- [Compelled by economic need, armed conflict and denial of self-determination and land rights in the context of major economic development projects, many indigenous peoples migrate from their home communities in rural areas to urban centres. Indigenous women and girls who leave their communities are highly vulnerable to trafficking, which can lead to multiple violations of their human rights, including severe economic and sexual exploitation and sexual violence. There are also cases of indigenous women being targeted by organized traffickers within their own communities. Reports of trafficking of indigenous women and children include the following:] In a number of Asian countries, including Cambodia, India, Nepal and Thailand, indigenous women are trafficked from their communities into domestic servitude or forced prostitution;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Ethnic minorities
- Girls
- Women
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
Rights of indigenous women and girls 2015, para. 60c
- Paragraph text
- [Compelled by economic need, armed conflict and denial of self-determination and land rights in the context of major economic development projects, many indigenous peoples migrate from their home communities in rural areas to urban centres. Indigenous women and girls who leave their communities are highly vulnerable to trafficking, which can lead to multiple violations of their human rights, including severe economic and sexual exploitation and sexual violence. There are also cases of indigenous women being targeted by organized traffickers within their own communities. Reports of trafficking of indigenous women and children include the following:] Trafficking of indigenous women for the purpose of exploitation has been reported in Mexico;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Ethnic minorities
- Girls
- Women
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
Rights of indigenous women and girls 2015, para. 60d
- Paragraph text
- [Compelled by economic need, armed conflict and denial of self-determination and land rights in the context of major economic development projects, many indigenous peoples migrate from their home communities in rural areas to urban centres. Indigenous women and girls who leave their communities are highly vulnerable to trafficking, which can lead to multiple violations of their human rights, including severe economic and sexual exploitation and sexual violence. There are also cases of indigenous women being targeted by organized traffickers within their own communities. Reports of trafficking of indigenous women and children include the following:] Indigenous women in Canada are reported to be at a greater risk of trafficking for the purposes of sexual exploitation than non-indigenous women.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Ethnic minorities
- Girls
- Women
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
Rights of indigenous women and girls 2015, para. 70
- Paragraph text
- There are often complex relationships between the customary jurisdictions of indigenous communities and the national justice systems, which can have a number of implications for women who are victims of violations of their human rights. Firstly, the relationships can create confusion with regard to responsibility for incidences of violence and discourage reporting by women. When women do come forward, there may be complicated tensions between jurisdictions relating to competence to prosecute, which can create delays and thereby prolong the suffering of the victim and discourage women from reporting violence in the future. Loopholes in the rules governing the relationship between jurisdictions can also make it possible for perpetrators to evade prosecution.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Ethnic minorities
- Women
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph