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Rights of indigenous peoples, including their economic, social and cultural rights in the post-2015 development framework 2014, para. 59
- Paragraph text
- One aspect of culturally appropriate social services involves providing such services to indigenous peoples in the places where they live. Many indigenous peoples live in rural and isolated areas, where there is often limited availability of medicines and teaching materials, low professional attainment on the part of the teachers and health workers locally deployed and poor school and clinic infrastructure. Country reports by the previous Special Rapporteurs are replete with examples of these conditions. In parallel, an ever-increasing number of indigenous peoples live in urban areas where culturally appropriate services, such as mother tongue education, are often not available. Measures must be put in place to ensure that indigenous peoples can enjoy the same social and economic rights as other segments of the population, without having to sacrifice important aspects of their cultures or ways of life, including their attachment to their traditional lands and the transmission of their languages to future generations.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Ethnic minorities
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Rights of indigenous women and girls 2015, para. 29b
- Paragraph text
- [There are examples of profound physical and mental health inequalities between indigenous and non-indigenous people. For example:] Worldwide, over 50 per cent of indigenous adults suffer from type 2 diabetes;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Ethnic minorities
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
Rights of indigenous women and girls 2015, para. 29c
- Paragraph text
- [There are examples of profound physical and mental health inequalities between indigenous and non-indigenous people. For example:] Indigenous peoples' life expectancy is up to 20 years lower than their non-indigenous counterparts;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Ethnic minorities
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
Rights of indigenous women and girls 2015, para. 29f
- Paragraph text
- [There are examples of profound physical and mental health inequalities between indigenous and non-indigenous people. For example:] Child mortality rates among indigenous communities are usually above the national average.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Ethnic minorities
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
The right of indigenous peoples to development with culture and identity, the right of indigenous peoples to participation and the obligation of States to implement the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples 2010, para. 39
- Paragraph text
- The right of indigenous peoples to participate in decision-making is both rooted in other basic human rights and essential to the effective enjoyment of those rights. A number of basic human rights principles underpin the right to participate and inform its content. These include, among others, principles of self-determination, equality, cultural integrity and property. Correspondingly, a lack of effective participation by indigenous peoples in decision-making concerning matters that affect them can have a direct impact on, and in many cases directly undermine, their effective enjoyment of other basic human rights, including those just mentioned as well as the rights to health and education.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Civil & Political Rights
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Ethnic minorities
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Overview of the activities carried during the first three-year term of the mandate 2011, para. 142
- Paragraph text
- We reaffirm the right to use, to the fullest extent, the provisions contained in the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS Agreement), the Doha Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health, the decision of the General Council of the World Trade Organization of 30 August 2003 on the implementation of paragraph 6 of the Doha Declaration, and, when formal acceptance procedures are completed, the amendment to article 31 of the TRIPS Agreement, which provide flexibilities for the protection of public health, and in particular to promote access to medicines for all and encourage the provision of assistance to developing countries in this regard.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Ethnic minorities
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Overview of the activities carried during the first three-year term of the mandate 2011, para. 143
- Paragraph text
- We call for further collaboration and cooperation at the national and international levels to strengthen health systems through increased health financing, recruitment, development and training and retention of the health workforce, through improved distribution and access to safe, affordable, effective and quality medicines, vaccines and medical technologies, and by improving health infrastructure. We support the leadership role of the World Health Organization as the directing and coordinating authority on international health work.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Ethnic minorities
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Overview of the activities carried during the first three-year term of the mandate 2011, para. 145
- Paragraph text
- We call for the full and effective implementation of the Beijing Platform for Action and the Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population and Development, and the outcomes of their review conferences, including the commitments leading to sexual and reproductive health and the promotion and protection of all human rights in this context. We emphasize the need for the provision of universal access to reproductive health, including family planning and sexual health, and the integration of reproductive health into national strategies and programmes.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Ethnic minorities
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Rights of indigenous peoples, including their economic, social and cultural rights in the post-2015 development framework 2014, para. 56
- Paragraph text
- At the present time, in countries all around the world, there are numerous established programmes targeted at bettering the social and economic situations of indigenous peoples, many of which have demonstrated notable successes. The previous Special Rapporteurs have discussed some of these important governmental efforts to address the concerns of indigenous peoples relating to, inter alia, the establishment of mechanisms for consultation, languages and education, health, the administration of justice and economic development. However, they have also pointed out that, overall, more still needs to be done (see, for example, A/HRC/21/47/Add.1, paras. 67-71; A/HRC/18/35/Add.3, paras. 57-63).
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Ethnic minorities
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Rights of indigenous peoples, including their economic, social and cultural rights in the post-2015 development framework 2014, para. 57
- Paragraph text
- An essential element of overcoming discrimination and achieving the economic, social and cultural rights of indigenous peoples is the design and delivery of adequate social services, particularly within the education and health sectors. As noted above and further here, culturally appropriate services are not only required by international human rights standards, especially as articulated in the Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, they also are related to higher achievement outcomes. It can already be concluded that although enormous progress has been made with regard to the 2015 goals and targets, they will not be met for disadvantaged indigenous peoples, unless governments direct more attention - and resources - towards them.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Ethnic minorities
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Rights of indigenous peoples, including their economic, social and cultural rights in the post-2015 development framework 2014, para. 62
- Paragraph text
- In the area of health, persisting inequities in health status is an unfortunate commonality for all of the world's indigenous peoples, with gaps not only in health status, but also in many determinants of health. Women and children face additional vulnerabilities. These are rooted in situations of extreme poverty, lack of access to education and social services, destruction of indigenous economies and sociopolitical structures, forced displacement, armed conflict and loss and degradation of customary lands and resources, all of which are further compounded by structural racism and discrimination.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Ethnic minorities
- Women
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Rights of indigenous peoples, including their economic, social and cultural rights in the post-2015 development framework 2014, para. 63
- Paragraph text
- The Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples emphasizes that indigenous peoples have the right to their traditional medicines and to maintain their health practices, including the conservation of their vital medicinal plants, animals and minerals (article 24(1)). The importance of such practices is reaffirmed by the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) and the World Health Organization (WHO), which estimate that 80 per cent of the population in developing countries relies on traditional healing systems as their primary source of care. This number undoubtedly includes many indigenous people, who often rely on a combination of traditional and western medicines and practices, and points to the need for developing inclusive health strategies in partnership with indigenous peoples.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Ethnic minorities
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Ongoing obstacles to the full realization of indigenous peoples’ rights; vision for the mandate 2014, para. 42
- Paragraph text
- The nearly universal disadvantageous social and economic conditions of indigenous peoples as compared to the majority of the population in the societies in which they live present barriers to the full exercise of their human rights. Unless indigenous peoples enjoy certain minimum conditions of well-being, they will be unable to truly thrive with their rights intact. According to many different indicators, indigenous peoples fare worse than their non-indigenous counterparts in terms of their development, including with regard to levels of poverty, education, health, unemployment, housing conditions, clean water and sanitation.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Poverty
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- Ethnic minorities
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Rights of indigenous peoples on the impact of international investment and free trade on the human rights of indigenous peoples 2015, para. 46
- Paragraph text
- Provisions within international investment and free trade agreements can constrict the policy and legislative space in which Governments operate. That has been referred to in literature about international investment agreements as a "chilling effect" whereby the State becomes constrained in its ability to rule in the public interest owing to a wish to avoid sometimes billion-dollar arbitration and settlement costs. As described by the Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standards of physical and mental health, "international investment agreements and investor-State dispute settlement systems benefit transnational corporations at the cost of States' sovereign functions of legislation and adjudication" (see A/69/299, para. 4).
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Ethnic minorities
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
Rights of indigenous peoples on the impact of international investment and free trade on the human rights of indigenous peoples 2015, para. 40
- Paragraph text
- Such unequal power relations between indigenous peoples and corporations and States also contribute to endemic levels of poverty among indigenous peoples. Indigenous peoples account for 5 per cent of the world's population, while representing 15 per cent of those living in poverty. As many as 33 per cent of all people living in extreme rural poverty globally are from indigenous communities. Those figures are particularly alarming given the wealth of natural resources that are located within indigenous territories. That degree of poverty is a violation of indigenous peoples' rights to development, as well as of their economic and social rights to an adequate standard of living, housing, food, water, health and education.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Poverty
- Person(s) affected
- Ethnic minorities
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
Rights of indigenous peoples on the impact of international investment and free trade on the human rights of indigenous peoples 2015, para. 43
- Paragraph text
- In addition, as discussed in the upcoming report of the Independent Expert on the promotion of a democratic and equitable international order, investor-State dispute settlement tribunals have been used to challenge measures to improve public health. As cited in the Independent Expert's report, in the Philip Morris (Switzerland) v. Uruguay (2010) case, the multinational tobacco company sued Uruguay under the Switzerland-Uruguay bilateral investment treaty claiming that the Uruguayan anti-smoking legislation devalued its investments. The same company also filed a claim against Australia for its efforts to curb tobacco. Public health issues, such as smoking, are currently increasing in indigenous communities, and the prevalence of such problems can be higher than in non-indigenous populations. Therefore, such investor-State dispute settlement claims have the potential to disproportionally affect indigenous peoples.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Ethnic minorities
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
Rights of indigenous women and girls 2015, para. 31
- Paragraph text
- Against the backdrop of growing physical and mental health concerns, non-indigenous health systems often do not take into account the indigenous concept of health, and therefore create barriers to access by indigenous people. Epidemiological data often fails to capture information on indigenous communities and the socioeconomic determinants of health, thereby making them "invisible". If data is included, it is generally not disaggregated, so that the specific needs of indigenous women are not understood in the context of national healthcare policy and planning. In addition, there are often no clear integration mechanisms for health care personnel, communities, traditional healers, policy makers and government officials. Furthermore, the facilities available to indigenous communities and women are also often not suitable to their specific needs and cultural preferences.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Ethnic minorities
- Women
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
Rights of indigenous women and girls 2015, para. 33
- Paragraph text
- A grave gender-specific health concern is the issue of indigenous women's sexual and reproductive health. Indigenous women face many barriers to sexual and reproductive rights, such as a lack of culturally appropriate sexual and reproductive health advice, geographical access to facilities and lack of supplies, such as contraceptives, poor quality care and, in some cases, legislation banning abortion services, even in cases of pregnancy following rape. That leads to higher-than-average maternal mortality rates; disproportionate representation of indigenous girls in teenage pregnancy indexes; low voluntary contraceptive usage; and high rates of sexually transmitted diseases and HIV/AIDS.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Ethnic minorities
- Girls
- Women
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
Overview of the activities carried during the first three-year term of the mandate 2011, para. 213
- Paragraph text
- We recognize that the sound management of chemicals is crucial for the protection of human health and the environment. We further recognize that growing global production and use of chemicals and their prevalence in the environment calls for increased international cooperation. We reaffirm our aim to achieve, by 2020, the sound management of chemicals throughout their life cycle and of hazardous waste in ways that lead to minimization of significant adverse effects on human health and the environment, as set out in the Johannesburg Plan of Implementation. We also reaffirm our commitment to an approach for the sound management of chemicals and waste, at all levels, that responds in an effective, efficient, coherent and coordinated manner to new and emerging issues and challenges, and encourage further progress across countries and regions in order to fill the gaps in the implementation of commitments.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Ethnic minorities
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Extractive industries operating within or near indigenous territories 2011, para. 33
- Paragraph text
- Numerous questionnaire respondents also made an explicit connection between environmental harm and the deterioration of health in local communities. Several respondents suggested that the overall health of the community had been negatively affected by water and airborne pollution. Other reports highlighted an increase in the spread of infectious disease brought about by interaction with workers or settlers immigrating into indigenous territories to work on extractive industry projects. Respondents also linked environmental degradation to the loss of traditional livelihoods, which consequently threatens food security and increases the possibility of malnutrition.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Health
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- Ethnic minorities
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Rights of indigenous peoples, including their economic, social and cultural rights in the post-2015 development framework 2014, para. 39
- Paragraph text
- What is more, according to various studies, programmes that maximize indigenous self-determination tend to perform better than those controlled by the State or by other external actors. The Harvard Project on American Indian Economic Development has diligently documented numerous examples of successful indigenous-run development programmes and has concluded that when Native nations make their own decisions about what development approaches to take, they consistently outperform external decision makers - on matters as diverse as governmental form, natural resource management, economic development, health care and social service provision. Thus, for sustainable development to take root, it is necessary to promote the conditions under which indigenous decision-making is maximized and to ensure that development models and programmes targeted towards indigenous peoples are grounded in their own cultures and ways of doing things, as discussed below.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Ethnic minorities
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Rights of indigenous peoples on the impact of international investment and free trade on the human rights of indigenous peoples 2015, para. 69
- Paragraph text
- There have also been examples of clauses included in international investment agreements to promote sustainable development, which could be helpful in promoting the economic and social rights of indigenous peoples. A review by UNCTAD of the 13 international investment agreements concluded in 2014 for which texts are available (7 bilateral investment treaties and 6 other international investment agreements) showed that most of those recent treaties include sustainable development-oriented features. Of the agreements, 11 have general exceptions; for example, for the protection of human, animal or plant life or health, or for the conservation of exhaustible natural resources. Eleven treaties contain a clause that explicitly recognizes that the parties should not reduce health, safety or environmental standards in order to attract investment. Of those 11 treaties, 9 refer to the protection of health and safety, labour rights, the environment or sustainable development in the preamble.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Ethnic minorities
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
Rights of indigenous peoples on the impact of international investment and free trade on the human rights of indigenous peoples 2015, para. 71
- Paragraph text
- There are examples of Latin American countries taking legal steps to protect themselves and their citizens from the impacts of international investment agreements. For example, as outlined by the Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health, Ecuador amended its Constitution to prohibit entry into instruments that waive its sovereign jurisdiction in the arbitration of disputes with private individuals or corporations. Ecuador, the Plurinational State of Bolivia and the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela have also withdrawn from the Convention on the Settlement of Disputes between States and Nationals of Other States (see A/69/299, para. 70).
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Ethnic minorities
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
Rights of indigenous women and girls 2015, para. 32
- Paragraph text
- Women acutely feel the low levels of health within indigenous communities. They are disproportionately affected by illness owing to reduced coping capacity caused by the denial of broader rights. Women also play a primary role in overseeing the health and well-being of their families and communities, and can be particularly affected by the suffering of children and other family members. Their gender and role as child-bearers also make them vulnerable to specific health difficulties.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Ethnic minorities
- Families
- Women
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
Rights of indigenous women and girls 2015, para. 42
- Paragraph text
- Indigenous women may also be more vulnerable than non-indigenous women once they are in detention. There have been reports of a lack of women's facilities to accommodate indigenous women, which means that they could be housed with men. That leaves them vulnerable to violence and unable to access gender-specific programmes and support. There have also been reports of racism and discrimination against indigenous women in prisons, as well as inadequate access to health services.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Ethnic minorities
- Women
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
Rights of indigenous women and girls 2015, para. 85b
- Paragraph text
- [Recommendations to United Nations organizations and mechanisms] [United Nations organizations and mechanisms should:] Work with Member States to develop research into underdeveloped areas which particularly impact the rights of indigenous women and girls. Research should be developed on intersecting discrimination and vulnerability and the relationship between individual and collective rights;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Ethnic minorities
- Girls
- Women
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
Overview of the activities carried during the first three-year term of the mandate 2011, para. 140
- Paragraph text
- We emphasize that HIV and AIDS, malaria, tuberculosis, influenza, polio and other communicable diseases remain serious global concerns, and we commit to redouble efforts to achieve universal access to HIV prevention, treatment, care and support and to eliminate mother-to-child transmission of HIV, as well as to renew and strengthen the fight against malaria, tuberculosis and neglected tropical diseases.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Ethnic minorities
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Overview of the activities carried during the first three-year term of the mandate 2011, para. 21
- Paragraph text
- We are deeply concerned that one in five people on this planet, or over 1 billion people, still live in extreme poverty, and that one in seven - or 14 per cent - is undernourished, while public health challenges, including pandemics and epidemics, remain omnipresent threats. In this context, we note the ongoing discussions in the General Assembly on human security. We acknowledge that with the world's population projected to exceed 9 billion by 2050, with an estimated two thirds living in cities, we need to increase our efforts to achieve sustainable development and, in particular, the eradication of poverty, hunger and preventable diseases.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Health
- Poverty
- Person(s) affected
- Ethnic minorities
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Overview of the activities carried during the first three-year term of the mandate 2011, para. 108
- Paragraph text
- We reaffirm our commitments regarding the right of everyone to have access to safe, sufficient and nutritious food, consistent with the right to adequate food and the fundamental right of everyone to be free from hunger. We acknowledge that food security and nutrition has become a pressing global challenge and, in this regard, we further reaffirm our commitment to enhancing food security and access to adequate, safe and nutritious food for present and future generations in line with the Five Rome Principles for Sustainable Global Food Security, adopted on 16 November 2009, including for children under the age of 2, and through, as appropriate, national, regional and global food security and nutrition strategies.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Food & Nutrition
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Ethnic minorities
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Overview of the activities carried during the first three-year term of the mandate 2011, para. 146
- Paragraph text
- We commit to reduce maternal and child mortality and to improve the health of women, youth and children. We reaffirm our commitment to gender equality and to protect the rights of women, men and youth to have control over and decide freely and responsibly on matters related to their sexuality, including access to sexual and reproductive health, free from coercion, discrimination and violence. We will work actively to ensure that health systems provide the necessary information and health services addressing the sexual and reproductive health of women, including by working towards universal access to safe, effective, affordable and acceptable modern methods of family planning, as this is essential for women's health and advancing gender equality.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Ethnic minorities
- Men
- Women
- Youth
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph