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Child slavery in the artisanal mining and quarrying sector 2011, para. 34
- Paragraph text
- As in many other sectors where children work, employers find it easier to hire children as they are easily exploited and cheaper to employ. Children are also recruited to work in mines because of their small size and the fact that they are thought to be nimble.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
- Date modified
- Sep 21, 2020
Paragraph
Comprehensive prevention strategies against sale and sexual exploitation of children 2013, para. 22b
- Paragraph text
- [Vulnerability is a function of:] The ability of the child to resist these risks and/or mitigate their effects, in other words, the child's resilience.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2013
- Date modified
- Sep 21, 2020
Paragraph
Comprehensive prevention strategies against sale and sexual exploitation of children 2013, para. 24
- Paragraph text
- An understanding of the different kinds and levels of vulnerabilities faced by children in diverse situations is a corner stone of an adequate preventive strategy.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2013
- Date modified
- Sep 21, 2020
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 89
- Paragraph text
- Child-led organizations and peer initiatives need to be strengthened through the provision of high-quality support and training to peer educators, not only to identify target groups and formulate research questions and methodologies but also to discuss and identify child protection risks related to the research.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2012
- Date modified
- Sep 21, 2020
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 20f
- Paragraph text
- [Child participation mechanisms must operate in compliance with these international human rights principles and standards and ensure:] Establishment and maintenance of a safe and child-friendly environment that ensures the protection and safety of children and the enhanced recovery and skill development of any child victim/survivor participating;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2012
- Date modified
- Sep 21, 2020
Paragraph
Effective Implementation of the OPSC 2010, para. 78
- Paragraph text
- Because they are still growing and are dependent on adults, children are vulnerable by nature. They must be trained, brought up, educated, supervised, guided and moulded by their families, guardians and all others who exercise authority over them. However, certain children are more vulnerable than others.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Year
- 2010
- Date modified
- Sep 21, 2020
Paragraph
Key trends and challenges to the right of all individuals to seek, receive and impart information and ideas of all kinds through the Internet 2011, para. 71
- Paragraph text
- Keeping the above in mind, the Special Rapporteur strongly emphasizes the importance of promoting and providing support to projects which seek to ensure the access to information and communication. In this regard, the global project "One Laptop per Child" is a good initiative. As stated in the most recent report of the Special Rapporteur to the Human Rights Council, this kind of initiative helps to spread the availability of ICT in developing countries. The project, supported by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and several partners, has benefited not just children, but their families as well, since one of the essential aspects of the permanently connected laptop is its free use at home, which allows the child and the family to increase their access to information and to the outside world. Two important elements of these laptops are that they can be charged by solar or mechanical power; and they have been designed to provide an engaging wireless network, which allows the laptops to be connected automatically to others nearby.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Year
- 2011
- Date modified
- Sep 21, 2020
Paragraph
Extreme poverty and human rights on universal basic income 2017, para. 14
- Paragraph text
- The absence of conditionality is a key dimension for most basic income proponents. This means that no conditions, such as children’s attendance at school or proof of job searches, must be met before the income is paid. People are thus not compelled to accept unpleasant or unattractive jobs. The latter would be filled either by machines, or by people attracted by a higher pay level.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2017
- Date modified
- Sep 21, 2020
Paragraph
Child slavery in the artisanal mining and quarrying sector 2011, para. 113
- Paragraph text
- CSOs and international organizations should work to ensure that alternative childcare services are also available so that mothers are not in a situation in which they take children with them to the mining and quarrying sites because of the lack of specific places to take care of children while they are working.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
- Date modified
- Sep 21, 2020
Paragraph
Sale of children for the purpose of forced labour 2016, para. 86
- Paragraph text
- There have been initiatives aimed at filling the inspection gap by offering a social label on the production of goods. For instance, the GoodWeave certification ensures that rugs are made without child labour, forced labour or bonded labour. By joining the programme, rug exporters and importers issue an assurance that no child labour was used in the making of a rug and accept unannounced visits by GoodWeave inspectors.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2016
- Date modified
- Sep 21, 2020
Paragraph
Sale of children for the purpose of forced labour 2016, para. 45
- Paragraph text
- Children are often transferred from one country to another and find themselves in an unknown setting, with an uncertain legal status, which binds them to their employer. They may be traded from club to club and forced to train intensively, under the threat of finding themselves undocumented, having their dreams crushed and with no resources.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2016
- Date modified
- Sep 21, 2020
Paragraph
Reflection on a 6-year tenure as Special Rapporteur on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography 2014, para. 91
- Paragraph text
- The 2013 ILO World Report on Child Labour also concentrates on economic vulnerability and the role of social protection in addressing child labour. The report concludes that social protection alone is not sufficient to prevent and address child labour. Complementary measures, particularly those related to health and schooling, are needed for effective protection.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2014
- Date modified
- Sep 21, 2020
Paragraph
Sexual exploitation of children in travel and tourism 2013, para. 99b
- Paragraph text
- [Sustainable and adapted training (intervention levels) and training of trainers for a common understanding and harmonization of practices should be established:] Law enforcement officers must be provided with the necessary technical equipment and have the required skills, including how to deal with child sex offenders, evidence collection, use of video testimonies. etc.;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2013
- Date modified
- Sep 21, 2020
Paragraph
Sexual exploitation of children in travel and tourism 2013, para. 42
- Paragraph text
- By ratifying the Optional Protocol on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography, 161 States have strengthened this commitment. Sex tourism involving children is directly linked to the offences covered by the Optional Protocol, since it involves child prostitution and child pornography and may also involve the sale of children. Sex tourism involving children is specifically mentioned in the preamble and in article 10 of the Optional Protocol.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2013
- Date modified
- Sep 21, 2020
Paragraph
Comprehensive prevention strategies against sale and sexual exploitation of children 2013, para. 17b
- Paragraph text
- [Child protection literature and practice identify three main layers of prevention:] Secondary prevention concentrates on specific groups or children which are known to be more at risk by providing additional, targeted, support services;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2013
- Date modified
- Sep 21, 2020
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 62
- Paragraph text
- Child-led research not only provides valuable opportunities for the empowerment of child participants themselves, but also strengthens the research process. Children may have unique access to particular locations, be in a privileged position to judge the accuracy of information and be able to determine the appropriateness of the methodology used, create links with their peers and make the children whom they consult feel at ease.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2012
- Date modified
- Sep 21, 2020
Paragraph
Protection of children from sale and sexual exploitation following humanitarian crisis due to natural disasters 2012, para. 126
- Paragraph text
- Early identification and intervention is essential to increasing the chances for reunification. Priority should be given to locating the families of unaccompanied and very young children.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Year
- 2012
- Date modified
- Sep 21, 2020
Paragraph
Effective Implementation of the OPSC 2010, para. 36
- Paragraph text
- [The actual extent of these offences is not yet known because statistics are scarce and often unreliable owing to the following:] Large differences in numbers: the figures vary, ranging from a few cases to millions of children affected, based on information received from countries and on studies conducted by various institutions. These are often estimates;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2010
- Date modified
- Sep 21, 2020
Paragraph
Comprehensive prevention strategies against sale and sexual exploitation of children 2013, para. 101a
- Paragraph text
- [Corporate social responsibility has received increased attention in recognition of the business sector's role in upholding and promoting human rights. In that context, the Children's Rights and Business Principles (2012) developed by UNICEF, the United Nations Global Compact and Save the Children, highlight the double nature of the role of the business sector with regards to children's rights:] The corporate responsibility to respect the human rights of others, including children, by avoiding infringements and addressing the human rights impact of business activities;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2013
- Date modified
- Sep 21, 2020
Paragraph
The UN responsibility for the cholera outbreak in Haiti 2016, para. 65
- Paragraph text
- Fifth, guidance might be drawn from important precedents for lump-sum settlements at the national level. Relevant examples include the arrangements set up in the United States to compensate the victims of the 11 September 2001 terrorist attacks, the 2014 agreement between the United States and France to compensate Holocaust victims and the Canadian Reparations Programme for the Indian Residential School System, created to redress the historical legacies of discrimination suffered by Aboriginal children attending those schools.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Ethnic minorities
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2016
- Date modified
- Sep 21, 2020
Paragraph
The importance of social protection measures in achieving Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) 2010, para. 26
- Paragraph text
- Several studies indicate a strong positive correlation between a family's vulnerability to economic shocks and a child's early entry into the labour market and reduced school attendance. A family that experiences a severe shock, for example, may have to remove a child from school in order to send him or her to work. Evidence from Latin America suggests that greater family access to risk management instruments, such as unemployment benefits or disability benefits, directly reduces the prevalence of child labour.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Year
- 2010
- Date modified
- Sep 21, 2020
Paragraph
Extreme poverty and human rights on universal basic income 2017, para. 38
- Paragraph text
- However, many social insurance and social assistance programmes that are integral parts of the welfare state differ in crucial respects from basic income. A study of 108 countries where child benefit or family benefit schemes were anchored in national legislation found that only 49 of them had non-contributory schemes. And contributory schemes generally only cover those in formal employment. They are therefore not universal, and often impose conditions, such as actively searching for work or undergoing medical tests. Moreover, they often go well beyond a floor, by compensating in part or in full for lost earnings.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Year
- 2017
- Date modified
- Sep 21, 2020
Paragraph
Extreme poverty and human rights on universal basic income 2017, para. 36
- Paragraph text
- Most of its proponents do not envision basic income directly replacing the third conception of the welfare state, namely the role of the government in the economy. As far as the second conception is concerned, many proponents appear to leave public education and social services mostly untouched. Even Murray would leave State-funded education and child protection services in place, although individuals would have to fund their own health insurance. But most basic income proposals appear to want to replace, in whole or in part, either the existing contributory social insurance schemes, or the non-contributory social assistance measures for the poorer groups in society, or both.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2017
- Date modified
- Sep 21, 2020
Paragraph
Pathways to, conditions and consequences of incarceration for women 2013, para. 76
- Paragraph text
- Preparing children who have remained with their mothers in prison for integration back into society is a crucial step towards their ability to adjust to life outside, particularly for those who were born in prison or have no memory of life before prison. One report on India states that Many children born in prison have never experienced normal family life up to the age of four-five years. The socialization pattern of children gets severely affected due to their stay in prison. Their only image of a male authority figure is that of the police and prison officials. They are unaware of the concept of a "home". Boys sometimes talk in the female gender, having grown up only among women in the female ward. Sights like animals on roads frighten these children because of lack of exposure to the outside world.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Person(s) affected
- Boys
- Children
- Girls
- Year
- 2013
- Date modified
- Sep 21, 2020
Paragraph
Debt bondage as a key form of contemporary slavery 2016, para. 16
- Paragraph text
- In traditional forms of debt bondage in South Asia, patronage assumes an important role in the employer-employee relationship, in that the labour and the life of the debtor become collateral for the debt accrued. In some cases, such patronage perpetuates the cycle of debt from one generation to the next. However, this generational debt bondage has decreased over the years and has been replaced by a more individualized temporary and/or seasonal form of bondage that is exclusively economic and lacks the dimension of patronage. This form of debt bondage, also known as "neo-bondage", is considered to involve the seasonal movement of migrant workers within and between countries. Such workers are recruited by intermediaries who usually demand the payment of an advance and the settlement of wages at the end of the contract in exchange for their intermediation. Neo-bondage is similar to traditional forms of bondage, in the sense that the men, women and children vulnerable to such practices mainly belong to marginalized communities.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Men
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2016
- Date modified
- Sep 21, 2020
Paragraph
Challenges and lessons in combating contemporary forms of slavery 2013, para. 17
- Paragraph text
- In September 2008, the Government of Nepal officially liberated all Haliyas and pardoned their debts to landowners. However, in 2010, the Asia Human Rights Commission reported that most Haliyas were still working for their landlords, despite formal liberation. It is very difficult for former Haliyas to integrate into the labour force as they have little to no education or technical skills and 97 per cent do not own land. Approximately 150,000 people were estimated to be affected by the Haliya system in 2010. All Haliyas are male because females are not allowed to plough and cannot get loans to own land of their own. However, women still assist their husbands' landlords by collecting food for the animals or carrying manure to the farms. Children of Haliyas are often involved in the work as cattle herders, and therefore miss out on educational opportunities.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Women
- Year
- 2013
- Date modified
- Sep 21, 2020
Paragraph
Child slavery in the artisanal mining and quarrying sector 2011, para. 25
- Paragraph text
- In 1999, the ILO member States, conscious of the magnitude of the problem of children being trapped in the worst forms of child labour, adopted Convention No. 182 (1999) concerning the Prohibition and Immediate Action for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labour. This convention is the reflection of a global consensus that immediate and effective measures should be taken to secure the prohibition and elimination of the worst forms of child labour as a matter or urgency. ILO recommendation No. 190 advises ILO members on the implementation of Convention No. 182 and allows for exceptions for children from the age of 16 working in hazardous environments, provided that the health, safety and morals of the children concerned are fully protected and that "the children have received adequate specific instruction or vocational training in the relevant branch of activity".
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
- Date modified
- Sep 21, 2020
Paragraph
Manifestations and causes of domestic servitude 2010, para. 22
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur is particularly concerned about the high number of children in domestic work (see section 2c). Children are often sought for domestic work as they are seen as cheaper, less demanding and easier to control than adults. There are large numbers of child domestic workers in all continents, with the highest number probably residing in Asia. For example, ILO reports that 175,000 children under 18 are employed in domestic service in Central America, more than 688,000 in Indonesia, 53,942 children under 15 in South Africa and 38,000 children between 5 and 7 in Guatemala. Girls constitute the vast majority of child domestic workers (90 per cent according to some estimates). According to ILO, more girls under 16 years are in domestic service than in any other category of child labour.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Girls
- Year
- 2010
- Date modified
- Sep 21, 2020
Paragraph
Effective Implementation of the OPSC 2010, para. 123
- Paragraph text
- [This approach will make it possible to:] better understand and grasp the multidimensional nature of these phenomena and the vulnerabilities of certain groups of children;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2010
- Date modified
- Sep 21, 2020
Paragraph
Sexual exploitation of children in travel and tourism 2013, para. 68
- Paragraph text
- The Child Sex Tourism Prevention Project, launched in 2004, included an awareness-raising campaign in the United States and in some of the most significant countries of destination for United States citizens (Cambodia, Thailand, Costa Rica, Mexico and Brazil). High-visibility publicity materials were strategically placed. The broadcaster CNN aired anti-child sex messages in 39 of the most frequented airports in the United States and for over 20 months in-flight videos on this topic were shown on United Airlines flights to Asia and Latin America. World Vision also led a number of workshops to combat child sex tourism in Cambodia, Thailand and Costa Rica. Other efforts implemented included working with Yahoo and MSN to place banners and pop-up ads on the Internet, making it more difficult to access websites designed to promote children for sex.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2013
- Date modified
- Sep 21, 2020
Paragraph