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Preliminary survey on the root causes of attacks and discrimination against persons with albinism 2016, para. 65
- Paragraph text
- In addition to Miguel's correlation of income and witchcraft, it has also been documented that there can be a plausible link between the surge in occult practices, including witchcraft, and the pressures and opportunities people are faced with in a changing socioeconomic order. A study of specific mining towns where the use of body parts of persons with albinism in lucky charms has been documented indicates that the cumulative influx of a large number of migrant miners, generational and cultural divides within the local villages, and the social change propelled by the rapid focus on mineral extraction for income in the local economy are among the factors which triggered a symbiotic relationship between miners seeking luck and comparative advantage in their work on the one hand and the witchdoctor on the other hand.
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Independent Expert on the enjoyment of human rights by persons with albinism
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2016
Paragraph
Eliminating discrimination against women in economic and social life with a focus on economic crisis 2014, para. 52
- Paragraph text
- Women migrant workers face exploitation and abuse, often finding themselves in precarious employment without effective legal protections, particularly if they have irregular or undocumented legal status. About half of the world's migrant workers are women, most of them finding work in traditionally female-dominated occupations such as domestic work or in the garment and textile industries. General Recommendation No. 26 of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women, on women migrant workers, emphasizes that all categories of women migrants must be protected against discrimination. The ILO Migrant Workers Convention (No. 143) and the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families also provide important protections.
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Analysis of two alternative housing policies: rental and collective housing 2013, para. 59
- Paragraph text
- The main purpose of community land trusts is to lock the value of the land in order to preserve the long-term affordability of housing for low- and middle-income households. Such affordability and location aspects are therefore one of the main pillars of community land trusts, and purchase or rental prices are usually below market value (typically 20 to 65 per cent), essentially because the leaseholder only pays for the home and not the land. In exchange, homeowners accept limitations when reselling their homes, usually committing to a maximum 25 per cent profit of the original price paid. This allows future low- to moderate-income households to access the same property at an affordable cost and help the community to resist gentrification processes and development-related displacement.
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Movement
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2013
Paragraph
Financialization of housing and the right to adequate housing 2017, para. 44
- Paragraph text
- The housing sector in the global South has not been subject to extensive financing of homeownership. Only about 17 per cent of the population in Botswana, Kenya, Namibia and Zambia, for example, would be eligible for mortgage finance based on existing criteria. Low-income, informal and indigenous communities have nevertheless experienced, first-hand, the power of financial corporations to appropriate land and real estate and to generate vast disparities in wealth by treating housing and land as commodities. The displacement of Garifuna communities by model cities containing luxury developments for tourists and wealthy residents in Honduras is an example of the kinds of displacements of communities and forced evictions that are occurring in many countries (see A/HRC/33/42/Add.2, para. 56). Many local and national governments looking for capital investment have opted to sell land to major developers at the expense of indigenous and impoverished communities and those living in precarious housing.
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Movement
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Ethnic minorities
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2017
Paragraph
Rights of indigenous peoples, including their economic, social and cultural rights in the post-2015 development framework 2014, para. 69
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur draws attention to the precarious situation of the numerous indigenous women, particularly from Latin America and Asia, who serve as domestic workers, either in their home countries or as migrant workers. According to ILO estimates, there are a minimum of 53 million adult domestic workers in the world; 83 per cent of whom are women. It is unknown what percentage indigenous women constitute, but the sparse data available indicates that in some countries and regions they may actually constitute the majority. These women often face deplorable working conditions, labour exploitation and human rights abuses, frequently without legal recourse to remedy. In this context, the Special Rapporteur notes that the Domestic Workers Convention (ILO Convention No. 189) entered into force in September 2013. The Convention aims at extending basic labour rights to domestic workers around the globe and can be a potentially important instrument for indigenous women.
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Gender
- Person(s) affected
- Ethnic minorities
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Governance structures for internal displacement 2015, para. 63
- Paragraph text
- Such a body could coordinate at the national level the responsibilities of each line agency or ministry. It would also be responsible for maintaining a clear division of institutional roles and responsibilities between government bodies. This body should be composed of representatives of different ministries with sectoral responsibilities for internally displaced persons, key national and international agencies and representatives of internally displaced persons. Such mechanisms are essential to ensure holistic, cross-agency responses that recognize, for example, the important relationship between housing and employment and livelihood, which requires cooperation across agencies.
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
Climate change and migration 2012, para. 56
- Paragraph text
- The International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families explicitly applies the rights elaborated in the International Bill of Rights to the specific situation of migrant workers and members of their families. Entering into force in 2003, the Convention has now been ratified by 45 States, and the Special Rapporteur urges its prompt ratification by all remaining States. Furthermore, several conventions negotiated under the auspices of the International Labour Organization contain important provisions reaffirming the human rights of migrants.
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Global migration governance 2013, para. 18
- Paragraph text
- In 2004, the International Labour Conference, in the adoption of a plan of action for migrant workers, achieved consensus among its tripartite constituents (labour ministries and employers' and workers' organizations) on a rights-based approach to labour migration.
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2013
Paragraph
Global migration governance 2013, para. 88
- Paragraph text
- Migration benefits not only States of origin, for example in terms of remittances and the transfer of social and cultural knowledge, but also States of destination, which often have labour shortages and rely on migrant workers, both high- and low-skilled, as well as in terms of cultural diversity and knowledge exchanges, among others. If States were to agree to cooperate more on migration governance, they would be able to maximize and better redistribute these benefits. Such cooperation would not preclude States from determining the number of labour migrants, as already noted in relation to the European Union's system.
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2013
Paragraph
Human rights of migrants in the post-2015 development agenda 2014, para. 53
- Paragraph text
- Indicators should focus on the increased proportion of migrants with equal access to social security and cross-border portability of earned social security benefits such as pensions.
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Human rights of migrants in the post-2015 development agenda 2014, para. 73
- Paragraph text
- In recognition of the push and pull factors of migration, a target should be developed to ensure the appropriate governance of migration, to promote the matching of skills and jobs and of labour supply and demand between countries, including by creating fair, safe and regular channels for migration, including for low-skilled labour. In addition, the targets should aim to counteract deskilling and include increasing the proportion of migrants who are working at the skill level that is most relevant to their education, training and work experience, so as to facilitate their integration into the local labour force and their reintegration into the labour market in the country of origin.
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Labour exploitation of migrants 2014, para. 44
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur has received information indicating that many migrants are not provided with social security benefits. Migrants frequently risk losing entitlement to social security benefits in their home country due to their absence, and at the same time they may encounter restrictive conditions under the social security system of their country of employment. Portability of social security for migrants who wish to return to their home country is also problematic. Social security is particularly difficult to access for irregular migrants. While irregular migrants are often not able to participate in contributory schemes, they still contribute to financing social protection schemes by paying indirect taxes. Also, temporary migrants have difficult access to social security, due to long residency requirements.
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Movement
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Human rights of migrants in the post-2015 development agenda 2014, para. 96m
- Paragraph text
- [Indicators for such a target should include:] Reduction of upfront costs for migrants, especially recruitment fees;
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Labour exploitation of migrants 2014, para. 16
- Paragraph text
- People migrate for a variety of reasons. Push factors include war, conflict, natural disasters, persecution, poverty and unemployment. A major pull factor is the need for migrant labour in destination States. Irregular migration is frequently a result of a lack of regular migration channels, particularly for low-skilled workers, despite an often unrecognized need for their labour in countries of destination and the resulting vast underground labour markets that attract them. Many people see migration as the only way to improve their social and economic situation, and sometimes they see no other option but to migrate or remain irregularly. Migrants, and particularly irregular migrants or migrants with a precarious residence status, are often willing to do the "dirty, difficult and dangerous" jobs that nationals will not, at the exploitative wages that unscrupulous employers will offer.
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Recruitment practices and the human rights of migrants 2015, para. 60
- Paragraph text
- Above and beyond banning fees, the development and harmonization of the legal and policy frameworks relating to recruitment is needed to transition to a wholly ethical system. Reform should include the ratification and full implementation of all international human rights instruments, including the two 1966 International Covenants on Human Rights and the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families, as well as relevant labour standards, including the 1997 ILO Convention on Private Employment Agencies (no. 181), and soft law principles such as the Dhaka Principles. All of these standards apply to all migrants irrespective of their legal status and also include duties for States to protect individuals from third-party violations of their human rights.
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
Banking on mobility over a generation: follow-up to the regional study on the management of the external borders of the European Union and its impact on the human rights of migrants 2015, para. 55
- Paragraph text
- The precarious routes to Europe discussed above are mixed migration channels, with economic migrants also risking their lives to seek opportunities because regular channels for migrant workers to the European Union do not exist. Some progress in opening up economic migration channels has been made through the development of the Blue Card system and the seasonal workers directive. However, use of the Blue Card among European Union member States is low and sustained opportunities for low-skilled migrants are scant. In sectors where regulation is inadequate, such as domestic work, care, construction, agriculture and tourism, migrants in need of work but unable to get visas come irregularly and can become vulnerable to abuse, violence, restrictions on their freedom of movement and economic exploitation.
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
Banking on mobility over a generation: follow-up to the regional study on the management of the external borders of the European Union and its impact on the human rights of migrants 2015, para. 56
- Paragraph text
- While the relationship between irregular migration status and labour market abuses is complex, the former will tend to increase vulnerability to the latter. Undocumented workers, constrained by circumstances, will perform tasks at great financial, physical and psychological cost. Little attention has been given to the impact European Union labour market dynamics has on pull factors for irregular migration and the suffering of undocumented migrant workers in the European Union. While the human rights implications of using precarious sea routes have been highly visible, the suffering experienced by undocumented migrant workers inside the European Union is largely invisible.
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
The impact of bilateral and multilateral trade agreements on the human rights of migrants 2016, para. 43
- Paragraph text
- Trade unions have been critical partners in the prevention of human trafficking and forced labour. The International Trade Union Confederation and the International Union of Food Workers, for example, have played a critical role in curtailing forced labour in the cocoa industry in Côte d'Ivoire by advocating implementation of the Protocol for the Growing and Processing of Cocoa Beans and Their Derivative Products in a Manner that Complies with ILO Convention No. 182 concerning the Prohibition and Immediate Action for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labour. A partnership between the confederation of workers Rerum Novarum, of Costa Rica, and the Sandinista Workers' Centre and the Confederación de Unificación Sindical, of Nicaragua, led to the creation of the Trade Union Centre for Migrants, which offers free legal and administrative assistance to all migrant workers seeking regularization and aims to combat trafficking in children by partnering with the local taxi drivers' union.
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2016
Paragraph
The impact of bilateral and multilateral trade agreements on the human rights of migrants 2016, para. 93c
- Paragraph text
- [To address the structural impact of international trade on the human rights of migrants, the Special Rapporteur recommends that States:] When entering into trade agreements, undertake comprehensive ex ante and ex post human rights impact assessments that consider the rights of migrants through direct consultations with migrants, migrants' associations and trade unions, and, on the basis of these assessments, include relevant general exception clauses and other compensatory, adjustment, grievance and remedial mechanisms - which may include minimum wage provisions, welfare funds to support migrant workers, strengthened consular support, voluntary insurance schemes for migrants and other housing or transitional assistance - and termination clauses, among other measures;
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2016
Paragraph
Social protection and old age poverty 2010, para. 38
- Paragraph text
- Several treaties contain specific references to old age. The Convention on Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women stipulates "the right to social security, particularly in cases of retirement, unemployment, sickness, invalidity and old age and other incapacity to work" (art. 11). It is also understood that the prohibition of discrimination included in major human rights treaties is understood as non-exhaustive; therefore, even if age is not mentioned specifically as a prohibitive ground for discrimination, it should still be accepted under "other status". The International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families specifically identifies age as a prohibited ground for discrimination.
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Recruitment practices and the human rights of migrants 2015, para. 54
- Paragraph text
- [Examples of current good practice in relation to business practice and the banning of recruitment fees include:] Some large multinational companies at the top of the supply chain, make efforts to detect illegal recruitment fees and repay them to migrant workers
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
Human rights of migrants in the post-2015 development agenda 2014, para. 96h
- Paragraph text
- [Indicators for such a target should include:] Proportion of bilateral and multilateral agreements on migration that provide for human rights safeguards and comply with international human rights and labour standards, including effective complaint and redress mechanisms;
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Manifestations and causes of domestic servitude 2010, para. 93
- Paragraph text
- [The criminalization of all forms of slavery and servitude, in line with States' international obligations, is one aspect of an effective response. At the same time, the issue is embedded in the wider challenge to ensure that domestic workers are finally provided with equal protection of their labour rights. Combating domestic servitude and protecting domestic workers' rights are two sides of the same coin. The Special Rapporteur recommends that States:] Require that domestic workers receive a written contract in a language they can understand and that wage payments are made into a bank account. States should set a minimum wage for all domestic workers, including migrants, that should be above the poverty line of the country concerned and under no circumstances lower than the World Bank reference line indicating poverty (currently set at US$ 2 per day). Any additional payments in kind should not be counted towards the minimum wage.
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Poverty
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Challenges and lessons in combating contemporary forms of slavery 2013, para. 18
- Paragraph text
- Migrant workers are also disproportionately affected by contemporary forms of slavery. Many are especially vulnerable because they are employed far from their homes, lack language skills and familiarity with host country legal systems, may be undocumented, hired through recruitment agencies, are unprotected by laws in host jurisdictions, rarely receive adequate training, lack access to effective grievance mechanisms, are vulnerable to contract substitution, and/or are severely underpaid. Limitations on migrant workers' freedom of movement greatly increase their chances of becoming victims of contemporary slavery. Employers may confiscate their passports or identity papers and migrant workers are often employed in remote locations where they are dependent on their employers even for basic necessities.
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2013
Paragraph
Challenges and lessons in combating contemporary forms of slavery 2013, para. 66
- Paragraph text
- Nevertheless, Government-run rehabilitation and reintegration efforts are not always effective. In these cases, other stakeholders can offer assistance. Unions and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in sending and receiving countries have cooperated in order to facilitate the reintegration of victims when return home. In Nepal, where government reintegration services have been limited, two NGOs rehabilitate and reintegrate returned migrant workers. Pouraki Nepal was initiated by women migrant workers, while Pravasi Nepali Coordination Committee advocates for the rights of male migrants. In-country research in Nepal also indicates that a new foundation to aid migrant workers has been established, with a free training centre in Kathmandu that helps rehabilitate and reintegrate returned migrant workers, including a counselling centre for female returnees.
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2013
Paragraph
Prevention of trafficking in persons 2010, para. 68
- Paragraph text
- The protection of the human rights of migrants is of paramount importance in preventing exploitation that leads to trafficking. Thus, States should respect, protect and promote the human rights of migrants, particularly labour rights in sectors where such protection has traditionally been weak or absent, such as domestic work. To that end, States should sign, ratify and enforce all relevant human rights instruments, in particular the Palermo Protocol and the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families.
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Due diligence and trafficking in persons 2015, para. 25
- Paragraph text
- Instead, a meaningful due diligence approach broadens the scope of identification to address a wider class of potential or presumed victims, as part of a comprehensive approach to prevention rather than a solely reactive or post-hoc due diligence measure. A wider and more pre-emptive approach necessarily involves a broader range of actors beyond law enforcement or border officials in identification. Good practices in this regard include involving actors such as labour and health and safety officials in identification of trafficking victims. Another good practice is for States to assign labour attachés to the staff of diplomatic missions, particularly in those countries that receive the largest number of a State's migrant workers. In order to facilitate victims' trust and identification - and subsequent protection and assistance - firewalls between certain areas (e.g., between enforcement of immigration laws and enforcement of labour laws) will often be necessary.
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
Strengthening voluntary standards for businesses on preventing and combating trafficking in persons and labour exploitation, especially in supply chains 2017, para. 76
- Paragraph text
- Multi-stakeholder initiatives should define indicators to assess the risk level of clients and determine the intensity and frequency of audits. Such indicators should take into account elements such as State ratification and enforcement of relevant international conventions on human rights and labour standards; the existence of regulatory regimes that regulate recruitment activities in accordance with international standards and guidelines; the level of informality within the economic sector in which the client operates; the percentage of vulnerable groups in the client’s workforce, including the number of migrant, temporary, seasonal, contractual or home-based workers; the level of complexity of the client’s labour supply chains; and client’s previous record on these issues.
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2017
Paragraph
Vulnerabilities of children to sale, trafficking and other forms of exploitation in situations of conflict and humanitarian crisis 2017, para. 38
- Paragraph text
- Children may be compelled to work to sustain themselves or provide for their families’ basic needs, especially where parents cannot work legally or simply cannot find work, legally or illegally. Iraqi and Syrian refugee children in Lebanon, for example, work in textile factories, construction or the food service industry, or as agricultural labour or street vendors in conditions amounting to forced labour. According to UNICEF, in Jordan, Lebanon and Turkey, shopkeepers, farmers and manufacturers hire Syrian refugee children because they can pay them a lower wage. Children, especially girls, are seen as less likely to be targeted by the police or prosecuted for illegal work than adults, making families more likely to send them to work. These types of child labour, which often mask other forms of exploitation, such as trafficking for forced labour, have dire consequences on children.
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Humanitarian
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Girls
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2017
Paragraph
The exercise of the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association in the workplace 2016, para. 27
- Paragraph text
- Globalization is taking place in the context of the largest migration of people in human history, from rural to urban areas, within countries and across borders. According to recent ILO estimates, the world has 150.3 million migrant workers. An estimated 112.3 million of them (74.7 per cent) are in high-income countries. They migrate to support their families and improve their future, but their lack of rights and agency in the workplace often leaves them, and their children, mired in poverty.
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Movement
- Poverty
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2016
Paragraph