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Eliminating discrimination against women in the area of health and safety, with a focus on the instrumentalization of women's bodies 2016, para. 97
- Paragraph text
- A growing number of States worldwide have confirmed their commitment to comprehensive sexuality education as an essential priority for achieving national development, health and education goals. In its resolution 70/137, the General Assembly called upon all States to develop and implement educational programmes and teaching materials, as well as teacher education and training programmes for both formal and non-formal education, including comprehensive evidence-based education on human sexuality, based on full and accurate information, for all adolescents and youth; to modify the social and cultural patterns of conduct of men and women of all ages; to eliminate prejudices; and to promote and build decision-making, communication and risk reduction skills for the development of respectful relationships based on gender equality and human rights.
- Body
- Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Adolescents
- Men
- Women
- Youth
- Year
- 2016
Paragraph
Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) 2012, para. 9
- Paragraph text
- Technical and vocational education and training is seen "as a cornerstone for the transformation of education and training", which is indeed crucial, given increasing concerns about rising unemployment, particularly among educated youth. As acknowledged by the World Bank, "The dynamic forces of the knowledge economy, accompanied by changing markets, scientific and technological advances, and increasing globalization and internationalization, call for a new face of skills and competencies". In this context, enhanced attention must be paid to modernizing technical and vocational education and training curricula and to the quality of the education provided.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Person(s) affected
- Youth
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Lifelong learning and the right to education 2016, para. 70
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur welcomes the perspective developed in looking at technical and vocational education and training through an overall lifelong learning framework. He considers that the provisions in the ILO Human Resources Development Convention, 1975 (No. 142) remain relevant at present. Article 4 of the Convention stipulates that "each Member shall gradually extend, adapt and harmonize its vocational training systems to meet the needs for vocational traini ng throughout life of both young persons and adults in all sectors of the economy and branches of economic activity and at all levels of skill and responsibility". The Convention enjoins on Member States the obligation to adopt and develop comprehensive and coordinated policies and programmes of vocational guidance and vocational training, which shall encourage and enable all persons "to develop and use their capabilities for work in their own best interests and in accordance with their own aspirations, account being taken of the needs of society" (art. 1 (5)).
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Youth
- Year
- 2016
Paragraph
Acroecology and the right to food 2011, para. 24
- Paragraph text
- In Burkina Faso, rather than migrating, work groups of young men specialized in land rehabilitation techniques, such as tassas and zai planting pits, go from village to village to satisfy farmers' growing interest in improving their own lands. Farmers are now buying degraded land for improvement and paying these labourers to dig zai pits and construct the rock walls and half-moon structures which can transform yields. This is one of the reasons why more than 3 million hectares of land in Burkina Faso are now rehabilitated and productive.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Environment
- Person(s) affected
- Youth
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
The right of the child to freedom of expression 2014, para. 58
- Paragraph text
- In the Republic of Korea, high school students have promoted a major social mobilization against authoritarian practices within the education system. As a result of the public debate generated by the students, in January 2012, the Seoul Metropolitan Council adopted a students' rights ordinance ensuring, inter alia, the right of students to protest, a ban on corporal punishment, the elimination of mandatory participation in religious activities and the protection of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender students and pregnant students against discrimination. Action for Youth Rights of Korea, an association established by Korean students in the context of this mobilization, continues to promote student activism.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- Activists
- LGBTQI+
- Youth
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
The exercise of the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association in the workplace 2016, para. 84
- Paragraph text
- Encouraging examples of court engagement include the case of a young Togolese domestic worker held in forced labour, where the court found that the State had a duty to criminalize grave labour exploitation by private entities. In Norway, workers can take legal action in court when their rights are violated. Access to court is free and free legal aid is available to those below a certain income threshold. At Service Centres for Foreign Workers, relevant government departments work together to inform foreign nationals arriving in Norway for employment of their rights and help them to promptly process their applications.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Youth
- Year
- 2016
Paragraph
Criminalisation of sexual and reproductive health 2011, para. 8
- Paragraph text
- The Convention on the Rights of the Child provides for the protection of the right to health of young persons under the age of 18. Article 24 of the Convention affirms the right to health as established in the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, which is especially relevant given the importance of sexual and reproductive health to the lives of young women and men. The Convention urges States to ensure prenatal and post-natal care for mothers, develop family planning education and services and ensure the elimination of traditional practices that are "prejudicial to the health of children".
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Men
- Women
- Youth
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Right to health in early childhood - Right to survival and development 2015, para. 88
- Paragraph text
- States have a legally binding obligation to ensure the participation of rights holders in priority-setting; legislative and policy development, implementation, monitoring and evaluation; and accountability for the realization of the right to health and the holistic development of the young child. All segments of the population, including the most marginalized, must be empowered to participate (A/HRC/27/31, paras. 28-30). States must create an enabling environment for participation, for example by enhancing the knowledge and awareness of stakeholders, including the parents of young children.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Youth
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
Report of the SR on the right to health and Agenda 2030 2016, para. 94
- Paragraph text
- To date, the approach to violence reduction has been fragmented, compartmentalizing different forms of violence. Importantly, many forms of violence continue to be tolerated within societies and even supported by States. For example, violence against women and children remains accepted in many societies as a cultural norm. The institutional care of young children, a clear act of violence against children, remains widespread in many countries. Around the world, many groups in vulnerable situations, including women, persons with disabilities, migrants and refugees, and lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex persons, experience numerous forms of violence. Each example is also a violation of various human rights protected under international law, including the right to health.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- LGBTQI+
- Persons on the move
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Youth
- Year
- 2016
Paragraph
Report of the SR on the right to health and Agenda 2030 2016, para. 96
- Paragraph text
- As the global community is concerned by the increasing prevalence of collective violence, including violent extremism, it is important to note how the relationship between collective violence and interpersonal forms of violence may reinforce and feed one another. For example, violence against children in families can lead to high prevalence of youth violence and may contribute to the phenomenon of violent extremism. Prohibiting boys from expressing emotions from an early age, enforcing a toxic and primitive understanding of masculinity, has been linked to acts of extreme violence by young men and reinforced a tendency to join groups and movements that are involved in collective violence.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Boys
- Children
- Families
- Youth
- Year
- 2016
Paragraph
Centrality of the right to adequate housing for the development and implementation of the New Urban Agenda to be adopted at Habitat III in October 2016 2015, para. 49
- Paragraph text
- In some situations, children and youth, including lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex youth, and women can be vulnerable to violence, requiring access to safe housing and basic services if they are to thrive in the urban context. These groups are often forced into homelessness by sexual and other violence, socioeconomic deprivation, and religious and cultural intolerance within their homes or communities. A sound housing structure does not guarantee safety within housing for these vulnerable groups. When women, children and youth leave their homes, they require both short- and long-term support to secure adequate housing, as they often lack the means to secure housing themselves. In this regard, diverse, culturally appropriate options must be made available.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- LGBTQI+
- Women
- Youth
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
Selected groups of defenders at risk: journalists and media workers, defenders working on land and environment issues; and youth and student defenders 2012, para. 94
- Paragraph text
- While age is not mentioned as a specific ground for discrimination in the international bill of human rights, the Human Rights Committee, in its general comment No. 18 (1989) on non-discrimination, specified that discrimination "should be understood to imply any distinction, exclusion, restriction or preference … which has the purpose or effect of nullifying or impairing the recognition, exercise or enjoyment by all persons, on an equal footing, of all rights and freedoms" (para. 7). The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights also recognizes that young people below 18 years of age should not be sentenced to death under any circumstance.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- Youth
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Selected groups of defenders at risk: journalists and media workers, defenders working on land and environment issues; and youth and student defenders 2012, para. 113
- Paragraph text
- By contrast, in the Americas region, where eight communications were sent, the alleged perpetrators were for the most part not identified. In a limited number of cases, State actors were the alleged perpetrators and, in a few other cases, non-State actors. As in Asia, most of the cases referred to violations of physical integrity, including killings, physical attacks and arbitrary detention. One case referred to psychological integrity, where a youth human rights defender had received death threats. Most alleged violations in the Americas were connected to the defender's participation in demonstrations or conferences. Two of the communications were addressed to Chile and another two to Mexico. Three cases reported female victims, two cases concerned male victims, and one case related to victims of both sexes. In the African region, eight communications were sent during the period. Three of these communications were sent to the Government of Zimbabwe and two were sent to the Government of Sudan. In all eight cases, the alleged perpetrators were State actors. In four cases, the victims were male, while in three cases the victims were both female and male. There were no cases with only female victims. In one case, the sex of the victim(s) was not reported. The majority of the cases involved violations of physical integrity, including arbitrary detention, torture, ill-treatment, killings, enforced disappearances and disproportional use of force to break up demonstrations. Other violations in Africa were judicial in nature, involving broad and often vaguely defined criminal charges, fines and prison sentences. As in other regions, alleged violations often happened in the context of peaceful demonstrations, although a marked trend in Africa was violations by police when breaking up demonstrations, notably through the disproportional use of force. Participation in public youth forums and issuing of press statements were also actions that had led to the violations reported.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Activists
- Youth
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Overview of the activities carried during the first three-year term of the mandate 2011, para. 62
- Paragraph text
- We encourage each country to consider the implementation of green economy policies in the context of sustainable development and poverty eradication, in a manner that endeavours to drive sustained, inclusive and equitable economic growth and job creation, particularly for women, youth and the poor. In this respect, we note the importance of ensuring that workers are equipped with the necessary skills, including through education and capacity-building, and are provided with the necessary social and health protections. In this regard, we encourage all stakeholders, including business and industry, to contribute, as appropriate. We invite governments to improve knowledge and statistical capacity on job trends, developments and constraints and integrate relevant data into national statistics, with the support of relevant United Nations agencies within their mandates.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Poverty
- Person(s) affected
- Ethnic minorities
- Women
- Youth
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Overview of the activities carried during the first three-year term of the mandate 2011, para. 230
- Paragraph text
- We recognize that the younger generations are the custodians of the future, and the need for better quality and access to education beyond the primary level. We therefore resolve to improve the capacity of our education systems to prepare people to pursue sustainable development, including through enhanced teacher training, the development of sustainability curricula, the development of training programmes that prepare students for careers in fields related to sustainability, and more effective use of information and communications technologies to enhance learning outcomes. We call for enhanced cooperation among schools, communities and authorities in efforts to promote access to quality education at all levels.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- Ethnic minorities
- Youth
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Priorities for the work of the Independent Expert and the twentieth anniversary of the Declaration on the Rights of Persons Belonging to National or Ethnic, Religious and Linguistic Minorities 2012, para. 76
- Paragraph text
- Sex- and minority-based discrimination in hiring, promotion and pay also create significant barriers for minority women. Increasingly informal labour markets - a result of globalization - have brought more women into paid work, but often with low pay, excluded from basic labour protection and employed under poor working conditions. This renders the conditions under which minority women - and all too often young girls - earn incomes that may be insecure, difficult, harmful or even dangerous. Their workload can be made heavier by the lack of such basic amenities as clean water and sanitation, the availability of child-care support and protection against domestic and social violence. Minority girls and women in difficult circumstances are often forced to find survival opportunities outside their communities and home, and can easily fall victim to trafficking, exploitation and illegal migration within or outside their own country, which makes them even more vulnerable.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Violence
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- Girls
- Women
- Youth
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Minority rights-based approaches to the protection and promotion of the rights of religious minorities 2013, para. 50
- Paragraph text
- Schools may serve as sites for the perpetuation of a singular religious or ideological ideal, failing to take on board religious or belief diversity, erasing all symbols of such difference, and aiming to assimilate all into an (intolerant) national "unity". In some countries, regions or schools with diverse religious communities teach only the majority religion. For example, in Bosnia and Herzegovina, visited by the Independent Expert in 2012, Bosniak, Croat and Serb communities remain largely divided along religious and ethnic lines. Religious education is provided only in the majority religion and serves to reinforce differences and exacerbate divisions between young people and communities.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Youth
- Year
- 2013
Paragraph
Minority rights-based approaches to the protection and promotion of the rights of religious minorities 2013, para. 43
- Paragraph text
- A full picture requires up-to-date disaggregated data, research by national statistical bodies, academia or civil society actors. This should be updated regularly in order to pick up on changes to birth rates, migration flows and patterns of belief. Research should be sophisticated enough to reveal the different situations of women, young people and others who may face particular challenges. It should include beliefs as well as religions. As a basic minimum standard, regular census surveys should include voluntary questions on religion that allow individuals to self-identify and that provide a valuable resource for deeper statistical analysis.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Women
- Youth
- Year
- 2013
Paragraph
The human rights situation of Roma worldwide, with a particular focus on the phenomenon of anti-Gypsyism 2015, para. 45
- Paragraph text
- In Canada, in order to reduce discriminatory policing behaviours, in 2011-2012, training on Roma culture was delivered, as part of the Hate Can Kill project, to Ontario police, including information about the Roma Holocaust, the racially motivated violence experienced by Roma and the lack of trust in police authorities among Roma communities. In parallel, Roma families and young people were also educated on what constitutes a hate crime, on relevant legal instruments and on the importance of reporting hate crimes to the police. Following that training, in 2012 both the Toronto Police Force and the Hamilton Police Force recorded hate crimes reported by people of Roma identity.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Youth
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
The importance of social protection measures in achieving Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) 2010, para. 35
- Paragraph text
- Evidence also shows the positive impacts of social protection for people living with HIV/AIDS and their families. For example, in a number of African countries in which HIV/AIDS is prevalent, universal old-age pensions have significantly improved the lives of AIDS orphans raised by their grandparents. There are also programmes that are testing how financial incentives in the form of cash transfers could have a positive impact in preventing HIV/AIDS (Goal 6). For example, the RESPECT Project, a pilot cash-transfer programme in the United Republic of Tanzania, uses cash as an incentive to reduce risky sexual activity among young people, male and female, who are at high risk for HIV infection and to provide counselling and periodic screening for sexually transmitted infections. The final outcomes of this approach have yet to be seen, and further human rights analyses are required.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Older persons
- Youth
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 35
- Paragraph text
- The third Mekong Youth Forum on Human Trafficking and Migration was held in Bangkok in October 2010, organized with the support of the Government of Thailand, Save the Children UK, World Vision International, the International Labour Organization and the United Nations Inter-Agency Project on Human Trafficking. It included children from Cambodia, China, the Lao People's Democratic Republic, Thailand and Viet Nam, some of whom were survivors of commercial sexual exploitation. Under the auspices of the Forum, the children participated in national and regional consultations organized to evaluate existing activities focused on combating human trafficking and made recommendations for policy improvements, including in relation to the participation of young people and accountability of policymakers. The recommendations of the Forum were presented at an international meeting to review the progress of the third World Congress against Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children and Adolescents, organized by ECPAT International and held in Bangkok in October 2010.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Adolescents
- Children
- Youth
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 24
- Paragraph text
- Education programmes have been developed in schools and represent a wide-reaching and potentially sustainable method of informing children. From 2008 to 2011, Barnardo's, a charity founded in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in 1866 to care for vulnerable children and young people, delivered a preventative education programme on child sexual exploitation intended to improve awareness and understanding of and response to sexual exploitation and to strengthen the confidence and ability of children and young people to resist unwanted sexual experiences. The programme, which included training and awareness-raising sessions, targeted local safeguarding children boards, schools and residential units from 25 London boroughs. In total, it involved 4,723 young people and 820 professionals. According to the final evaluation, published in 2011, half of the children involved demonstrated progress in identifying risk factors and safety strategies.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Youth
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 39
- Paragraph text
- In the Czech Republic, for example, the Ecumenical Network for Youth Action is a partnership of churches, related associations and networks that runs a programme to tackle trafficking, forced prostitution and sexual abuse of children and young people in Eastern and Central Europe. It includes interactive training seminars, prevention programmes and strategies for the establishment of independent homes for young people that are co-managed with children living on the street. The network has also developed specialized peer leadership programmes to promote the full inclusion of young people in efforts to combat commercial sexual exploitation of children. These have been successful in providing an opportunity for young people to become involved, take responsibility and seek alternative lifestyles and opportunities to improve their lives.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Youth
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 41
- Paragraph text
- The "What works for us" project in the United Kingdom is a joint initiative by ECPAT UK, the National Working Group for Sexually Exploited Children and Young People and Barnardo's that was launched in January 2010. It brings together young people from around the country to participate in national consultations involving leading organizations, such as the Child Exploitation and Online Protection Centre (a national law enforcement agency that focuses on tackling the sexual abuse of children), to assess and discuss programmes, policies and services regarding the prevention of and protection of children from sexual exploitation and to help to inform the development of relevant practice and policy. The young people involved have become recognized as a high-level advisory group and have participated actively in the development of relevant practice and policy. They attended a meeting in Parliament in June 2011 to highlight gaps in response to sexual exploitation and presented research findings to the Children's Commissioner for England in September 2011.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Youth
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 71
- Paragraph text
- In South Asia, a peer support programme, part of the Youth Partnership Programme, is run entirely by youth motivators and peer supporters and is self-sustaining. The main objective is to promote awareness of the dangers of commercial sexual exploitation of children and to use direct motivational support to build life and social skills for children most at risk or survivors of sexual exploitation. Peer supporters need to have a positive and empathetic attitude, skills that can benefit the programme and consistent school attendance. Their training and activities include providing direct support to the survivors of sexual abuse and exploitation by building children's confidence, motivation, creativity and life skills to overcome trauma. Educational support on topics such as commercial sexual exploitation of children, trafficking and early marriage is also provided. It is an innovative programme that has proven to be powerful and life-changing, both for the peer supporters themselves and for the children to whom they provide support.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Youth
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 82
- Paragraph text
- There remain significant disparities between countries regarding the involvement of children and young people in online safety programmes.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Youth
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 83
- Paragraph text
- Most child parliaments are led by adults and often involve young people on an ad hoc or token basis. In some cases, they are composed only of children from privileged backgrounds.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Youth
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Comprehensive, rights-based and child-centred care, recovery and reintegration programmes 2015, para. 28
- Paragraph text
- Research shows that girls account for the majority of documented victims of sexual exploitation. However, the fact that boys are also victims cannot be disregarded. Similarly, children who identify as transgender are extremely vulnerable to sexual exploitation. In the United States of America, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex youth are disproportionately represented in runaway and homeless youth programmes and child welfare systems and 42 per cent of them have been sexually exploited. A 2006 study in Cambodia found that 80 per cent of interviewed victims of street-based sexual exploitation were male. In Taiwan Province of China, the number of boys being prostituted discovered through social networking sites peaked in 2008. In Ethiopia, a study revealed that male children are specifically targeted for prostitution on the basis of the belief that anal intercourse is less likely to transmit HIV/AIDS. A recent study in the United Kingdom found that one third of children accessing specialist sexual exploitation services were male.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Gender
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Boys
- Children
- Girls
- LGBTQI+
- Youth
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
Challenges and lessons in combating contemporary forms of slavery 2013, para. 70
- Paragraph text
- A large number of NGOs have taken up the fight against contemporary forms of slavery and engaged other stakeholders to successfully do so. For example, Anti-Slavery International has signed a Memorandum of Understanding with ITUC in order to form a Global Trade Union Alliance to Combat Forced Labour and Trafficking. They have agreed to share skills and experience on combating contemporary forms of slavery and integrate their members to reach a common goal. Under this auspice, they have formed a multi-stakeholder group in Europe comprised of unions and NGOs whose goal is to protect women and young people from contemporary forms of slavery. The Brazilian NGOs Repórter Brasil and Ethos have created the National Pact for the Elimination of Slavery, which brings the Government, ILO, NGOs and companies together to combat forced labour. Over 130 companies had signed the pact as of the end of 2010, including large companies such as Wal-Mart Brazil, committing to not buying goods produced with forced labour.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Women
- Youth
- Year
- 2013
Paragraph
Prevention of trafficking in persons 2010, para. 43
- Paragraph text
- The provision of adequate information about migrants' rights, as well as practical advice on how to avoid risks during the migratory process and in destination countries, is also an integral aspect of promoting safe migration. While some Governments conduct pre-departure training programmes for prospective migrants, reports indicate that they often fall short of equipping prospective migrants with relevant knowledge about their rights or where to seek assistance when they encounter problems in destination countries. In this respect, some initiatives by non-governmental organizations provide useful lessons. A project aimed at promoting safe migration, implemented by an international non governmental organization in the Xishuangbanna Prefecture in China, is a good example of how a safe migration channel for children and young people has been created among the places of origin, transit and destination. In this project, the organization raises awareness of potential migrants in the place of origin (Manxixia) and nearby villages on the risks associated with migration and trafficking. The recruiters are registered and linked to the young people who are eligible for and interested in work. In the place of destination, the organization works with the community government of Liming and the youth league of Xishuangbanna Prefecture to raise migrants' awareness of the risks associated with migration, such as labour exploitation and trafficking. The community government also helps to mediate any labour disputes between migrants and their employers. In this manner, migrant children and youths are provided with a comprehensive pre- and post migration support and protection system.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Persons on the move
- Youth
- Year
- 2010
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