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Preliminary survey on the root causes of attacks and discrimination against persons with albinism 2016, para. 35
- Paragraph text
- Some countries with a record of attacks against persons with albinism have identified as a major problem the ambiguity between witchcraft on the one hand and the practice of traditional, herbal or alternative medicine on the other. This is further complicated by the secrecy surrounding witchcraft and the resulting difficulty in identifying its real practitioners in all cases. These matters raise the question of whether and how these occupations ought to be defined and regulated as a means of preventing human rights violations allegedly and actually committed by their practitioners. There is also the issue of whether witchcraft beliefs should be given any form of legal character or recognition when it is largely a supernatural phenomenon. Often, these issues are further complicated by the fact that many legal instruments addressing witchcraft are outdated and disconnected from current social realities.
- Body
- Independent Expert on the enjoyment of human rights by persons with albinism
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2016
- Date modified
- Feb 13, 2020
Paragraph
Manifestations and causes of domestic servitude 2010, para. 48
- Paragraph text
- Relevant economic factors include advance or deferred payment designed to increase dependency, payment that keeps workers below the poverty level, payment in kind only or prohibitions to freely change employers.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Poverty
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2010
- Date modified
- Feb 13, 2020
Paragraph
Sexual education 2010, para. 10
- Paragraph text
- Sexuality is a complex process which, as human beings, we all without exception experience throughout our life and which has biological, psychological, social and cultural aspects that must be considered from a comprehensive viewpoint.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2010
- Date modified
- Feb 13, 2020
Paragraph
Lifelong learning and the right to education 2016, para. 106
- Paragraph text
- Technical and vocational education and training should be recognized as a linchpin in the concept of lifelong learning and as a font of skills development and professional excellence. Countries should focus on fostering entrepreneurship through an overall lifelong learning framework. States, along with social partners and enterprises, should develop innovative approaches to technical and vocational education and training in order to respond to the diverse aspirations and needs of individuals and societies in a rapidly globalizing world.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2016
- Date modified
- Feb 13, 2020
Paragraph
Acroecology and the right to food 2011, para. 26
- Paragraph text
- In the past, Green Revolution approaches have focused primarily on boosting cereal crops. However, rice, wheat and maize are mainly sources of carbohydrates: they contain relatively little protein, and few of the other nutrients essential for adequate diets. The shift from diversified cropping systems to simplified cereal-based systems thus contributed to micronutrient malnutrition in many developing countries. Indeed, of the over 80,000 plant species available to humans, rice, wheat and maize supply the bulk of our protein and energy needs. Nutritionists now increasingly insist on the need for more diverse agro-ecosystems, in order to ensure a more diversified nutrient output of the farming systems.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Food & Nutrition
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2011
- Date modified
- Feb 13, 2020
Paragraph
Fisheries and the right to food 2012, para. 63e
- Paragraph text
- [To preserve the long-term sustainability of fishing and the availability of local fish as food, in particular by combating overfishing, all States should:] Reduce the proportion of fish used for fishmeal purposes, including by promoting direct human consumption of some small and nutritious fish, curbing demand for fish proteins from fish higher up the food chain (such as tuna and salmon or farmed carnivorous species such as prawns) by affluent consumers, which leads to overexploitation of marine resources worldwide, and considering imposing restrictions on the proportion of fish that can be used for reduction purposes.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Food & Nutrition
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2012
- Date modified
- Feb 13, 2020
Paragraph
Assessing a decade of progress on the right to food 2013, para. 7
- Paragraph text
- The right to food seeks to ensure access to adequate diets. Although access is necessary for individuals to be adequately nourished, it is not the only requirement. Obviously, food availability is also required (which necessitates appropriate functioning of markets to ensure that foodstuffs can travel from the producers to the markets and from food-surplus regions to food-deficit regions). Access to health-care services and sanitation, as well as adequate feeding practices, are also essential. In this regard, the right to food is also closely connected to the right to health and to what is described as adequate "utilization".
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Food & Nutrition
- Health
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2013
- Date modified
- Feb 13, 2020
Paragraph
Climate change and internal displacement 2011, para. 36
- Paragraph text
- Other actors have also enriched the discussion by focusing on specific rights or the impact of climate change on particular groups. In addition to posing a direct threat to the right to life, the effects of climate change are expected to have negative implications for basic rights relating to food (A/HRC/7/5), housing (A/64/255), water and health, and affect the overall right to an adequate standard of living (A/HRC/10/61, paras. 21-38). Some of these analyses have highlighted the link between the lack of access to these rights and displacement. In the context of climate change, internally displaced persons are also a growing category of persons considered to be especially at risk, given the adverse material, social and psychological consequences commonly associated with displacement. These risks are heightened by the fact that the most serious effects of climate change, including displacement, are predicted to disproportionately affect poor regions and countries and populations already in a vulnerable situation owing to poverty and other factors.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
- Date modified
- Feb 13, 2020
Paragraph
Penalization of people living in poverty 2011, para. 74
- Paragraph text
- Penalization measures are often motivated by prejudices and negative stereotypes that ignore the realities of disadvantage and exclusion and fail to recognize the daily struggle of persons living in poverty to overcome the multiple obstacles they face. Poverty is not a lifestyle choice. Homeless persons would prefer safe, affordable, adequate housing to public parks and bus stations. Those struggling to survive on social benefits would rather have secure, regular, well-paying, productive employment than be subject to discrimination and live in constant fear that their entitlements will be taken away. One does not choose to live in poverty, and therefore should not be punished for that situation.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Poverty
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2011
- Date modified
- Feb 13, 2020
Paragraph
The right to participation of people living in poverty 2013, para. 42
- Paragraph text
- People living in poverty experience discrimination on the grounds of poverty itself (E/C.12/GC/20, paras. 34-35), but also frequently due to membership in other disadvantaged sectors of the population, including but not limited to indigenous peoples, persons with disabilities, ethnic minorities and people living with HIV/AIDS. Particular attention must be paid to upholding the right to equality between men and women. Thus, when designing, implementing and monitoring participatory processes, States must take into account the different experiences of men and women and gender power relations in the community. They must recognize the multiple forms of discrimination that women experience, and address women's specific needs throughout the different phases of their life cycle (childhood, adolescence, adulthood and old age). Participatory processes must also acknowledge the responsibilities of care providers without reinforcing patterns of discrimination and negative stereotyping.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Poverty
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Women
- Year
- 2013
- Date modified
- Feb 13, 2020
Paragraph
Taxation and human rightss 2014, para. 70
- Paragraph text
- Natural resources can be a vital source of revenue that the State can use to comply with its human rights obligations. The financial and social benefits of natural resource exploitation are, however, increasingly bypassing people in producing countries. In most countries, extractive industries generate few jobs directly and have only weak links to local markets. Far from bringing benefits, the exploitation of natural resources has been frequently linked to human rights abuse and encroachment on lands and livelihoods of communities, mass evictions, pollution and environmental degradation, which may result in violations of rights to health, food, housing and water. The right of people to participate in decisions regarding natural resources is often violated, especially where the land, territory and resources of indigenous peoples is concerned.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Civil & Political Rights
- Economic Rights
- Environment
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2014
- Date modified
- Feb 13, 2020
Paragraph
The right to an adequate diet: the agriculture-food-health nexus 2012, para. 50a
- Paragraph text
- [States, in accordance with their obligation to respect, protect and fulfil the right to adequate food for all, should:] Adopt a national strategy for the realization of the right to adequate food which integrates the objective of guaranteeing the right to adequate diets for all and sets specific targets and time frames for action;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Food & Nutrition
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2012
- Date modified
- Feb 13, 2020
Paragraph
Impact of climate change on the right to food 2015, para. 6
- Paragraph text
- In its general comment No. 12 (1999), the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights defined the necessary elements required for the right to food (i.e. the possibility either to feed oneself directly from productive land or other natural resources or to purchase food) as availability, accessibility and adequacy.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Food & Nutrition
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2015
- Date modified
- Feb 13, 2020
Paragraph
Labour exploitation of migrants 2014, para. 24
- Paragraph text
- Articles 6 to 10 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights recognize the rights of everyone to (a) work which they freely choose or accept; (b) enjoy just and favourable conditions of work, including equal remuneration for work of equal value; (c) form and join trade unions; (d) social security, including social insurance; (e) the special protection from economic and social exploitation of children and young persons.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Children
- Youth
- Year
- 2014
- Date modified
- Feb 13, 2020
Paragraph
Report of the SR on the right to health and Agenda 2030 2016, para. (a)
- Paragraph text
- For those living in poverty or without sufficient means, States should ensure health coverage or access to care to prevent discrimination (targets 1.3 and 3.8);
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Poverty
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2016
- Date modified
- Feb 13, 2020
Paragraph
Servile marriage 2012, para. 32
- Paragraph text
- On 22 February 2008, in Prosecutor v. Brima et al, the Special Court for Sierra Leone recognized forced marriage as a crime against humanity under international criminal law for the first time. The Court confirmed that forced marriage involved a perpetrator compelling a person by force or threat of force, through words, or conduct of the perpetrator, or anyone associated with him, into a forced conjugal association resulting in great suffering or serious physical or mental injury on the part of the victim. It concluded that forced marriage might also include one or more international crimes such as enslavement, imprisonment, rape, sexual slavery and abduction.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Harmful Practices
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2012
- Date modified
- Feb 13, 2020
Paragraph
Solitary confinement 2011, para. 87
- Paragraph text
- Indefinite solitary confinement should be abolished.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Civil & Political Rights
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2011
- Date modified
- Feb 13, 2020
Paragraph
Sustainability and non-retrogression in the realisation of the rights to water and sanitation 2013, para. 17
- Paragraph text
- There is a clear link between non-retrogression and sustainability. Acts or omissions that result in retrogressions in the progressive realization of the rights to water and sanitation jeopardize sustainability. Unless the criteria outlined above have been satisfied during the States' decision-making processes, it is unlikely that such processes will result in the sustainable provision of water and sanitation. Rather, retrogressive steps will perpetuate unsustainable practices and create a constant threat to the full realization of economic, social and cultural rights in general and the rights to water and sanitation in particular.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- All
- N.A.
- Year
- 2013
- Date modified
- Feb 13, 2020
Paragraph
Sustainability and non-retrogression in the realisation of the rights to water and sanitation 2013, para. 23
- Paragraph text
- To enable the sustainable provision of services, a number of factors within and beyond the water and sanitation sector must be reinforced, in particular, accountable governance. Water and sanitation services must be embedded in a sound legislative policy and regulatory framework. Institutions involved in the water and sanitation sectors must be responsive and accountable for their actions, and decisions must be participatory and transparent. All groups and individuals concerned and all relevant stakeholders must be provided with genuine opportunities to meaningfully participate and must be empowered in these processes.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2013
- Date modified
- Feb 13, 2020
Paragraph
Affordability of water and sanitation services 2015, para. 28
- Paragraph text
- It is impossible to set a generally applicable affordability standard at the global level. Any such standard would be arbitrary and cannot reflect the challenges people face in practice and the context in which they live, including how much they need to spend on housing, food and the realization of other human rights. The affordability of water and sanitation services is highly contextual, and States should therefore determine affordability standards at the national and/or local level. The human rights framework stipulates important parameters for the process of doing so, in particular in terms of participation.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2015
- Date modified
- Feb 13, 2020
Paragraph
Gender equality in the realization of the human rights to water and sanitation 2016, para. 74
- Paragraph text
- A recent study underscored that gender-differentiated patterns are not the same everywhere and reinforced the importance of context for understanding the gender dimensions of access and experience. The quantity and quality of sex-disaggregated data at the micro level are considered to be better than those of data at the global level. It is therefore important that measuring progress in the rights to water and sanitation and gender equality is not based on global monitoring and on the use of quantitative data only. Context-specific studies and monitoring that capture the intersection of gender inequalities in the enjoyment of other human rights are key to understanding and developing improved policy responses.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2016
- Date modified
- Feb 13, 2020
Paragraph
Discussion on "Recognition through Education, Cultural Rights and Data Collection" 2013, para. 58
- Paragraph text
- Education provides a gateway to the full enjoyment of other rights, including rights to freedom of movement and expression, access to justice and remedies when human rights are violated, participation in the cultural, social and economic life and in public affairs. Lack of education has perpetuated the cycle of poverty, racism and segregation, from the time of the infamous transatlantic slave trade to the present date. Conversely, education provides a vital key to sustainable poverty alleviation.
- Body
- Working Group of experts on people of African descent
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Environment
- Poverty
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2013
- Date modified
- Feb 13, 2020
Paragraph
Discussion on "Recognition through Education, Cultural Rights and Data Collection" 2013, para. 51
- Paragraph text
- People of African descent are often categorized as a different race; but "race" is a socially constructed concept. Paragraph 6 of the outcome document of the Durban Review Conference reaffirms that "all peoples and individuals constitute one human family, rich in diversity, and that all human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights"; although throughout the history of humanity, people have been assigned identity based on race, both as a means of distinguishing one group from another, but more importantly as a means of control and domination. Therefore, an important step in the recognition of people of African descent is the deconstruction of the concept of "race".
- Body
- Working Group of experts on people of African descent
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2013
- Date modified
- Feb 13, 2020
Paragraph
Discussion on "Recognition through Education, Cultural Rights and Data Collection" 2013, para. 75b
- Paragraph text
- [In recognition of the contribution of the continent of Africa and people of African descent to the development, diversity and richness of world civilizations and cultures which constitute the common heritage of humankind, States should, in collaboration with relevant United Nations bodies and agencies, particularly the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and international donors:] Set up research programmes and circulate information to deconstruct the (mis)representation of people of African descent;
- Body
- Working Group of experts on people of African descent
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2013
- Date modified
- Feb 13, 2020
Paragraph
Discussion on "Recognition through Education, Cultural Rights and Data Collection" 2013, para. 72
- Paragraph text
- Recalling paragraph 99 of the Durban Declaration, in which States concerned are called upon "to honour the memory of the victims of past tragedies and affirm that, wherever and whenever these occurred, they must be condemned and their recurrence prevented", States should adopt measures to preserve, protect and restore the intangible patrimony and spiritual memory of sites and places of the slave trade and slave resistance, giving increased visibility to this history and culture through museums, monuments, visual arts and other means, such as the permanent memorial at the United Nations headquarters to honour the memory of the victims of slavery and the transatlantic slave trade.
- Body
- Working Group of experts on people of African descent
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2013
- Date modified
- Feb 13, 2020
Paragraph
Discussion on "Recognition through Education, Cultural Rights and Data Collection" 2013, para. 75a
- Paragraph text
- [In recognition of the contribution of the continent of Africa and people of African descent to the development, diversity and richness of world civilizations and cultures which constitute the common heritage of humankind, States should, in collaboration with relevant United Nations bodies and agencies, particularly the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and international donors:] Promote and protect the culture, identity and tangible and intangible heritage of the continent of Africa and people of African descent, and keep, maintain and foster their mode of life and forms of organization, languages and religious expressions;
- Body
- Working Group of experts on people of African descent
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2013
- Date modified
- Feb 13, 2020
Paragraph
Discussion on "Recognition through Education, Cultural Rights and Data Collection" 2013, para. 75c
- Paragraph text
- [In recognition of the contribution of the continent of Africa and people of African descent to the development, diversity and richness of world civilizations and cultures which constitute the common heritage of humankind, States should, in collaboration with relevant United Nations bodies and agencies, particularly the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and international donors:] Increase the visibility and recognition of people of African descent and the continent of Africa contributions to their respective societies and to global development; promote research on past and present conditions of people of African descent and compile existing information on their contribution to their respective societies in order to foster the development of intercultural society from a democratic perspective, recognizing diversity and promoting knowledge and understanding of the causes and consequences of racism, racial discrimination and xenophobia;
- Body
- Working Group of experts on people of African descent
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2013
- Date modified
- Feb 13, 2020
Paragraph
Activities of the Working Group 2014, para. 84c
- Paragraph text
- [In recognition of the contribution of the continent of Africa and people of African descent to the development, diversity and richness of world civilizations and cultures that constitute the common heritage of humankind, States should, in collaboration with relevant United Nations bodies and agencies, particularly the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and international donors:] Increase the visibility and recognition of the contributions of people of African descent and the continent of Africa to their respective societies and to global development; promote research on past and present conditions of people of African descent and compile existing information on their contribution to their respective societies in order to foster the development of intercultural society from a democratic perspective, recognizing diversity and promoting knowledge and understanding of the causes and consequences of racism, racial discrimination and xenophobia;
- Body
- Working Group of experts on people of African descent
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2014
- Date modified
- Feb 13, 2020
Paragraph
Discussion on "Recognition through Education, Cultural Rights and Data Collection" 2013, para. 81
- Paragraph text
- Another key enabling factor for ensuring the recognition of people of African descent and overcoming the historical "social invisibility" is through the collection, recording, monitoring and analysis of reliable information on their living conditions. Collecting, disaggregating and analysing data is an important step towards solving acute and long-lasting problems. It is also a demonstration of political will to monitor the human rights situation of groups facing discrimination.
- Body
- Working Group of experts on people of African descent
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2013
- Date modified
- Feb 13, 2020
Paragraph
Discussion on "Recognition through Education, Cultural Rights and Data Collection" 2013, para. 75f
- Paragraph text
- [In recognition of the contribution of the continent of Africa and people of African descent to the development, diversity and richness of world civilizations and cultures which constitute the common heritage of humankind, States should, in collaboration with relevant United Nations bodies and agencies, particularly the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and international donors:] Consider proclaiming a national day in countries that do not yet have such a day, in order to celebrate the heritage, culture and contribution to the world of people of African descent;
- Body
- Working Group of experts on people of African descent
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2013
- Date modified
- Feb 13, 2020
Paragraph