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The right to access information 2013, para. 45
- Paragraph text
- In its considerations, the Court has emphasized that the State must demonstrate a certain amount of due diligence in searching and providing information. For example, it was of the view that the State could not seek protection in arguing the lack of existence of the requested documents but, to the contrary, must establish the reason for denying the provision of the said information, demonstrating that it had adopted all the measures within its power to prove that, in effect, the information sought did not exist. Furthermore, the Court deemed it essential that, in order to guarantee the right to information, the public powers should act in good faith and diligently carry out the actions necessary to ensure the effectiveness of that right, especially when it dealt with the right to the truth of what had occurred in cases of gross violations of human rights, such as those of enforced disappearances and extrajudicial execution in the case under consideration.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Climate change and internal displacement 2011, para. 36
- Paragraph text
- Other actors have also enriched the discussion by focusing on specific rights or the impact of climate change on particular groups. In addition to posing a direct threat to the right to life, the effects of climate change are expected to have negative implications for basic rights relating to food (A/HRC/7/5), housing (A/64/255), water and health, and affect the overall right to an adequate standard of living (A/HRC/10/61, paras. 21-38). Some of these analyses have highlighted the link between the lack of access to these rights and displacement. In the context of climate change, internally displaced persons are also a growing category of persons considered to be especially at risk, given the adverse material, social and psychological consequences commonly associated with displacement. These risks are heightened by the fact that the most serious effects of climate change, including displacement, are predicted to disproportionately affect poor regions and countries and populations already in a vulnerable situation owing to poverty and other factors.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Detention of migrants in an irregular situation 2012, para. 47
- Paragraph text
- Stateless persons do not benefit from the consular or diplomatic protection of a State, often do not possess identity documents and do not have a country to which to be returned. Stateless persons are especially vulnerable to prolonged detention. Being stateless and therefore not having a country to which automatic claim might be made for the issue of a travel document should not lead to indefinite detention, and statelessness cannot be a bar to release. The UNHCR guidelines affirm that stateless persons are entitled to benefit from the same standards of treatment as those in detention generally.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Detention of migrants in an irregular situation 2012, para. 54
- Paragraph text
- Non-custodial measures must conform to relevant principles of international law, including the principles of non-discrimination, necessity and proportionality and should not prevent individuals from exercising their other human rights, including the right to health and education. Alternatives to detention which impose restrictions on the liberty of movement need to be in compliance with article 12 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, which provides for the right to liberty of movement for everyone lawfully within the territory of a State. The term "lawfully within the territory" has been held to apply to persons who are allowed to remain in a country because the host State is unable to carry out an expulsion or deportation order (Human Rights Committee, communication No. 456/1991). Article 12, paragraph 3, of the Covenant provides that any restrictions on the right to liberty of movement must be provided by law, and be necessary to protect national security, public order, public health or morals or the rights and freedoms of others.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Developing the Global Compact on Migration 2016, para. 15
- Paragraph text
- The only way to effectively reduce smuggling is to offer more accessible, regular, safe and affordable mobility solutions, with all the identity and security checks that efficient visa procedures can provide.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Labour exploitation of migrants 2014, para. 90
- Paragraph text
- Refrain from using sponsorship systems that make immigration status conditional on one given employer, as this creates a precarious status, restricts freedom of movement, increases vulnerability to exploitation and abuse, and leads to forced labour.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Developing the Global Compact on Migration 2016, para. 24
- Paragraph text
- Taking such a long-term strategic approach in developing the global compact for accessible, regular, safe and affordable mobility policies and practices will place States in a better position to respond to the significant demographic, economic, social, political and cultural challenges that lie ahead.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Movement
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Manifestations and causes of domestic servitude 2010, para. 59
- Paragraph text
- Trafficking is one path into domestic servitude. International law defines trafficking as the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring or receipt of persons, by means of the threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, of abduction, of fraud, of deception, of the abuse of power or of a position of vulnerability or of the giving or receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control over another person, for the purpose of exploitation. Slavery, practices similar to slavery and servitude are among the worst forms of exploitation that can result from trafficking; the victim's "consent" to such exploitation is immaterial.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Solitary confinement 2011, para. 65
- Paragraph text
- Studies have found continued sleep disturbances, depression, anxiety, phobias, emotional dependence, confusion, impaired memory and concentration long after the release from isolation. Additionally, lasting personality changes often leave individuals formerly held in solitary confinement socially impoverished and withdrawn, subtly angry and fearful when forced into social interaction. Intolerance of social interaction after a period of solitary confinement is a handicap that often prevents individuals from successfully readjusting to life within the broader prison population and severely impairs their capacity to reintegrate into society when released from imprisonment.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The scope and objective of the exclusionary rule in judicial proceedings and in relation to acts by executive actors 2014, para. 30
- Paragraph text
- The admission of evidence, including real evidence obtained through a violation of the absolute prohibition of torture and other ill-treatment in any proceedings, constitutes an incentive for law enforcement officers to use investigative methods that breach those absolute prohibitions. It indirectly legitimizes such conduct and objectively dilutes the absolute nature of the prohibition. The exclusionary rule is not limited to criminal proceedings but extends to military commissions, immigration boards and other administrative or civil proceedings. Moreover, the use of the phrase "any proceedings" suggests that a broader range of processes is intended to be covered; essentially, any formal decision-making by State officials based on any type of information.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Regional and subregional cooperation in promoting a human rights-based approach to combatting trafficking in persons 2010, para. 77
- Paragraph text
- Finally, the CoE Convention sets out a wide range of assistance measures, including physical and psychological assistance and support for the reintegration of victims of trafficking into society. Medical treatment, counselling and information as well as appropriate accommodation are all among the measures provided. Victims are entitled to a minimum of 30 days to recover and escape the influence of the traffickers and to take a decision regarding their possible cooperation with the authorities. A renewable residence permit may be granted if their personal situation so requires or if they need to stay in order to cooperate in criminal investigations.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The right to an effective remedy for trafficked persons 2011, para. 33
- Paragraph text
- Trafficked persons may also have options of claiming compensation based on labour law violations, such as discrimination, breach of national minimum wage, and unreasonable overtime. While there are some promising practices, the possibility for trafficked persons to obtain compensation through labour proceedings may be restricted by a number of eligibility criteria in practice. In some countries, labour proceedings are not available for trafficked persons engaging in sexual services, as the provision of sexual services itself is illegal and thus not a recognized form of employment to which labour protection applies. Trafficked persons with irregular immigration status may be also excluded from the use of labour proceedings to seek compensation.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The right to an effective remedy for trafficked persons 2011, para. 51
- Paragraph text
- Following a reflection and recovery period, trafficked persons should be provided with temporary or permanent residence status on certain grounds. Firstly, trafficked persons should be entitled to remain in the country where remedies are being sought for the duration of any criminal, civil or administrative proceedings. In this regard, article 7 of the Palermo Protocol should be read in conjunction with the mandatory requirements under article 6, paragraphs 2(b) and 6. As it would be almost impossible for trafficked persons to seek compensation through legal proceedings if they are unable to lawfully remain in the country, article 7 should be interpreted to encourage States to provide trafficked persons with temporary residence status for the purpose of seeking remedies. Secondly, trafficked persons should be granted temporary or permanent residence status on social or humanitarian grounds. Such grounds may include, for instance, the inability to guarantee a safe and secure return, the fears of reprisals and retaliation by traffickers, the risk of being re-trafficked, or the return is otherwise not in the best interests of the trafficked person. Another factor that should be taken into account is the obligation of States not to return trafficked persons to States where they have a well-founded fear of persecution. Some victims or potential victims of trafficking may fall within the definition of a refugee contained in article 1(A)(2) of the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and may therefore be entitled to international refugee protection. In these circumstances, temporary or permanent residence status may in itself become a substantial form of remedy.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The issue of human trafficking in supply chains 2012, para. 30
- Paragraph text
- On the other side of the coin, there are positive incentives for businesses to contribute to efforts to combat human trafficking. By taking an active role in preventing and combating trafficking, companies can enhance their brand image and reputation among consumers, investors and other influential stakeholders. Their investment of resources in local communities to mitigate factors that place them at risk of trafficking, such as lack of access to education and employment opportunities, may also strengthen the relationship with local stakeholders and generate positive effects in the long term by producing a better-skilled and better-educated local workforce.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
A human rights-based approach to the administration of criminal justice in cases of trafficking in persons 2012, para. 23
- Paragraph text
- Trafficked persons are often arrested, detained, charged and even prosecuted for such unlawful activities as entering illegally, working illegally or engaging in prostitution. The vulnerability of trafficked persons to such treatment is often directly linked to their situation: their identity documents may be forged or have been taken away from them, and the exploitative activities in which they are or have been engaged, such as prostitution, soliciting or begging, may be illegal in the State of destination. Criminalization is also possible in countries of origin, where returned victims of trafficking may be penalized for unlawful or unauthorized departure.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
A human rights-based approach to the administration of criminal justice in cases of trafficking in persons 2012, para. 55
- Paragraph text
- It should be recalled that these persons are first and foremost victims of trafficking who, by virtue of that status, are entitled to immediate protection and support. International law clearly states that all trafficked persons have a right to protection from further harm, a right to privacy, and a right to physical and psychological care and support. Trafficked persons also have a right to be informed of their legal options and given the time, space and help required to consider those options carefully. In some cases, this may require the regularization of the trafficked person's legal status to allow them access to services and to protect them from deportation.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
A human rights-based approach to the administration of criminal justice in cases of trafficking in persons 2012, para. 100
- Paragraph text
- As States work to adopt a rights-based approach, they should be cognizant of the fact that certain laws and policies may have unintended negative consequences for victims of trafficking. Laws or policies that infringe the right to movement for victims or that impose mandatory detention or rehabilitation in the name of protection are in violation of human rights laws and may deny victims the right to a proper remedy. Care should be taken to enact clear and enforceable legal frameworks that comply with international standards and principles. Such frameworks must take practical constraints into account and be tailored to the State's legal system in order to provide protection and assistance to trafficked persons during the criminal justice process.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The issue of trafficking in persons for the removal of organs 2013, para. 43
- Paragraph text
- Enforcement of trafficking in persons for the removal of organs and related laws. There is little information available on prosecutions for trafficking in persons for the removal of organs and related offences, although what information is available appears to confirm that the number of such prosecutions is extremely low. It is certainly the case that the enforcement of laws around trafficking in persons for the removal of organs and related offences does not appear to be a high priority for most Governments or national criminal justice agencies. Recent high profile prosecutions may indicate a shift in this situation, although that remains to be confirmed. Enforcement problems are not unique to trafficking in persons for the removal of organs. It is well established that, as a general crime type, trafficking in persons is extremely difficult to investigate and prosecute successfully. There is, however, some indication that trafficking in persons for the removal of organs appears to present special and additional difficulties: victims have very little incentive to cooperate with criminal justice authorities and may themselves be liable to prosecution. In addition, the protection now available to many victims of trafficking aimed at encouraging such cooperation is rarely, if ever, extended to victims of trafficking in persons for the removal of organs. Law enforcement authorities lack expertise and awareness and the complexity of transnational networks operating in this area challenges even the most sophisticated agencies. Of course, prosecutions are only one measure of success. In some countries, new laws aimed at preventing trafficking in persons for the removal of organs may have positively influenced this situation without the benefit of substantial prosecutions. In other countries, however, the enactment of laws banning commercialization of transplantation and other practices relating to trafficking in persons for the removal of organs appears to have had little impact.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The issue of trafficking in persons for the removal of organs 2013, para. 45
- Paragraph text
- Regulation of deceased organ donation. The way in which deceased organ donations are regulated can also affect trafficking in persons for the removal of organs. For example, it is argued that the opting-out system, whereby persons are presumed to have consented to donation unless otherwise indicated, will increase the number of organs available for transplantation, thereby reducing the various incentives that feed trafficking in persons for the removal of organs. It is important to note, however, that these approaches also carry risks with regard to the rights of vulnerable persons. For example, studies have found that such laws penalize the poor and illiterate, who lack the time, resources and knowledge to actively opt out. Presumed consent laws could also encourage the withholding of life-saving measures from unprotected persons.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Health
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The issue of trafficking in persons for the removal of organs 2013, para. 48
- Paragraph text
- This is confirmed by many of the case studies examined by the Special Rapporteur that meet the following three elements of the crime and human rights violation of trafficking in persons: the act (individuals were recruited, harboured and/or received, often also transported and transferred); the means (the acts were secured through fraud (relating to payment, effects, follow-up care, etc.), sometimes also through force and coercion, often through abuse of a position of vulnerability); and the purpose (the acts were undertaken for purposes of exploitation by removal of an organ). It is certainly possible that some of the cases may fall within the various non-legal and non-binding conceptions of trafficking in organs. There can be no doubt, however, that they are, first and foremost, situations of trafficking in persons. Critically, provided that one or more of the means are established, whether victims have consented to the procedure or have received payment for undergoing the procedure is irrelevant.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- All
- N.A.
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The issue of trafficking in persons for the removal of organs 2013, para. 53
- Paragraph text
- The obligation of active identification in this context will require States to, at a minimum, undertake national-level assessments of the problem with a view to ascertaining where victims (and potential victims) may be located and how they could be identified. There is also a clear need for States to examine existing procedures and protocols that relate to the identification of victims of trafficking in order to ensure their relevance and effectiveness with regard to trafficking in persons for the removal of organs. A similar need exists at the international level, given that the general invisibility of trafficking in persons for the removal of organs is reflected in many of the tools and mechanisms developed to support the identification of victims of trafficking.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The issue of trafficking in persons for the removal of organs 2013, para. 55
- Paragraph text
- Unfortunately, very few service providers working with victims of trafficking have any contact with, or knowledge of, victims of trafficking in persons for the removal of organs. This state of affairs has contributed to a situation where such victims largely remain "undetected, unidentified, without access to support, assistance and protection measures … [with] no access to fundamental human rights". It is unsurprising that the way in which victim support services have been developed for trafficked persons will not necessarily make them suitable or adequate for victims of trafficking in persons for the removal of organs. For example, victims will have long-term and immediate medical needs. They can expect to suffer gradual deterioration of their health and possibly a lifetime of financial disadvantage. No State currently has mechanisms and procedures in place to meaningfully respond to this level of need. Very few civil society organizations are working with and for victims of trafficking in persons for the removal of organs and those involved in this area report needs that go well beyond their capacity to meet.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The issue of trafficking in persons for the removal of organs 2013, para. 58
- Paragraph text
- It has been noted that victims of trafficking in persons for the removal of organs can be subject to criminal sanction, typically relating to their violation of a law that prohibits the sale of organs or that otherwise restricts the categories of persons permitted to donate an organ for transplantation. Victims could, however, also be criminalized for other status-related offences, such as irregular migration, document forgery and fraud. Criminalization is the antithesis of a victim-centred approach and invariably results in trafficked persons being denied the rights to which they are entitled under international law, including to assistance and protection and the right of access to remedies. The Special Rapporteur has repeatedly endorsed the position that victims of trafficking should not be subject to criminalization for crimes that they have been compelled to commit (including through abuse of their position of vulnerability). In her view, this standard applies equally to victims of trafficking in persons for the removal of organs.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The issue of trafficking in persons for the removal of organs 2013, para. 82
- Paragraph text
- All victims of trafficking in persons for the removal of organs have a right to immediate protection from further harm and to the necessary medical, psychological and other support. States should review existing procedures, protocols and practices of protection and assistance to victims of trafficking with a view to ensuring that these meet the particular needs of victims of trafficking in persons for the removal of organs, for example in relation to provision of follow-up medical care. States should develop specialized protection, assistance and support services for victims of trafficking in persons for the removal of organs to the extent that such are required to meet their needs.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Integration of a human rights-based approach in measures to discourage the demand that fosters all forms of exploitation of persons, especially women and children, and which leads to human trafficking 2013, para. 41
- Paragraph text
- As stated in the Trafficking in Persons Protocol, factors that make people vulnerable to trafficking and demand must be addressed in the strategies to prevent trafficking. This is further reinforced by the Recommended Principles and Guidelines on Human Rights and Human Trafficking. Principles 4 and 5 and guideline 7 provide that strategies to prevent trafficking shall address demand as a root cause and States shall ensure that their interventions address the factors that increase vulnerability to trafficking, including inequality, poverty and all forms of discrimination. States may be held legally responsible for their failure to take adequate measures to prevent trafficking in persons, including measures to discourage demand. States in which exploitation of persons occurs or is alleged to occur have a particular responsibility to take action to discourage demand.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- All
- N.A.
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Integration of a human rights-based approach in measures to discourage the demand that fosters all forms of exploitation of persons, especially women and children, and which leads to human trafficking 2013, para. 65
- Paragraph text
- Evidence collected over the past decade indicates that a substantial proportion of the workers who are trafficked and subjected to forced labour are contract workers who are not recruited or employed directly by the business for which they are working (on a work site, such as a farm or construction site). Instead, they are supplied by an agency or intermediary. In such circumstances, States should consider regulating the activities of recruitment agents and agencies. If they decide not to introduce a system of regulation, States still have a responsibility to ensure that recruitment agents and agencies are not contributing to human trafficking, both by checking on the effectiveness of any system of self-regulation practiced by the employment industry and ensuring that suitably trained law enforcement officials are available to investigate whenever abuses are reported.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 59
- Paragraph text
- A range of conditions particular to, or commonly associated with, situations of conflict fuel trafficking by amplifying vulnerabilities and increasing opportunities for exploitation. These include, but are not limited to, a distorted economy that is heavily reliant on criminality and the presence of organized criminal groups already involved in cross-border trafficking of arms, drugs and other illicit products that have the capacity to expand into trafficking in persons and that are in a position to take advantage of additional opportunities to generate profit. A weak or non-existent justice and protection system that perpetuates impunity fails to protect the most vulnerable groups and individuals of society from exploitation. Porous borders that make border crossing easier further contribute to trafficking. Other factors include a high prevalence and toleration of violence that extends beyond armed forces to include communities and families, as well as pressure to move, leading to dangerous migration decisions.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Families
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The right to adequate housing in disaster relief efforts 2011, para. 64.3
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur makes the following recommendations:] In particular, all affected persons and groups should have the opportunity to participate in the identification and determination of tenure rights; the choice over, planning and implementation of transitional shelter and permanent housing programmes, and of durable solutions (return, local integration, resettlement); and in decisions over land use planning and restrictions.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Civil & Political Rights
- Movement
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Minorities in situations of humanitarian crises 2016, para. 73
- Paragraph text
- Stateless persons are particularly vulnerable as they do not enjoy the right to nationality or any of the corresponding human and civil rights, and they may be targeted, or not adequately protected, by national authorities. In times of humanitarian crises, conflict or natural disasters, this lack of protection can be particularly acute. Statelessness can often be a root cause of forced displacement, particularly in times of crises. Forced displacement can in turn heighten the risks of becoming stateless, particularly as documents may be lost in flight.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Regional and subregional cooperation in promoting a human rights-based approach to combatting trafficking in persons 2010, para. 128
- Paragraph text
- [With regard to protection, recovery and reintegration, regional mechanisms should take the actions set out in the following paragraphs:] Develop minimum standards at the regional level on support and services to be provided to victims of trafficking in order to enhance the level of protection, assistance and recovery. Special attention should be given to victim identification, repatriation, access to shelter, medical and psychosocial assistance, and rehabilitation, in line with the standards set out in international instruments and guidelines.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph