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Women migrant workers 2008, para. 26e
- Paragraph text
- [States parties in countries where migrant women work should take all appropriate measures to ensure non-discrimination and the equal rights of women migrant workers, including in their own communities. Measures that may be required include, but are not limited to, the following:] Non-discriminatory family reunification schemes: States parties should ensure that family reunification schemes for migrant workers are not directly or indirectly discriminatory on the basis of sex (article 2 (f));
- Body
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2008
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Gender-related dimensions of refugee status, asylum, nationality and statelessness of women 2014, para. 42
- Paragraph text
- Asylum procedures of States parties should ensure that women are able to lodge independent asylum applications and be heard separately, even if they are part of a family seeking asylum. States parties should accept that, when the principal claimant is recognized as a refugee, other members of the family should normally also be recognized as refugees ("derivative status"). Just as a child can derive refugee status from the recognition of a parent as a refugee, a parent should be granted derivative status based on the child's refugee status. It is essential that women who are recognized as refugees, whether in their own right or as derivative status holders, be issued with individual documentation in order to prove their status, be protected from refoulement and secure associated rights.
- Body
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2014
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Impact of the criminalization of migration on the protection and enjoyment of human rights 2010, para. 71
- Paragraph text
- Efforts directed to adopt a human rights-based approach to migration governance should be redoubled. States and other stakeholders should systematically be guided by, and further the realization of, human rights standards contained in and principles derived from the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other international human rights instruments, including the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families, in all migration initiatives, including those implying multi-stakeholders cooperation and technical assistance and in all phases of the migration process.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Recruitment practices and the human rights of migrants 2015, para. 74
- Paragraph text
- A complex network of actors is involved in the current system of recruitment for low-wage economic migrants, including: many different components of the State architecture in countries of origin and destination, recruiters themselves, subcontractors of recruiters, employers, direct contractors of employers that use migrant workers, parent companies and other business entities further up the supply chain, domestic households, trade unions, business associations, civil society organizations, workers themselves, friends and families of migrants, and regional and international organizations. The complexity of the network of all those involved, and the opaque and underground way in which unethical recruitment takes place, makes it difficult to fully understand the system and to develop clear accountability for the rights of migrants.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Detention of migrants in an irregular situation 2012, para. 72b
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur calls on States to consider progressively abolishing the administrative detention of migrants. In the meantime, Governments should take measures to ensure respect for the human rights of migrants in the context of detention, including by:] Ensuring that migrants in detention are accurately informed of the status of their case and of their right to contact a consular or embassy representative and members of their families. Migrants and their lawyers should have full and complete access to the migrants' files;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Prevention of trafficking in persons 2010, para. 68
- Paragraph text
- The protection of the human rights of migrants is of paramount importance in preventing exploitation that leads to trafficking. Thus, States should respect, protect and promote the human rights of migrants, particularly labour rights in sectors where such protection has traditionally been weak or absent, such as domestic work. To that end, States should sign, ratify and enforce all relevant human rights instruments, in particular the Palermo Protocol and the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Protection of children from sale and sexual exploitation following humanitarian crisis due to natural disasters 2012, para. 114
- Paragraph text
- When possible, children should be evacuated from their place of residence with adult family members. Separation should be undertaken as a last resort, on a temporary basis, and only where it has been determined that protection and assistance cannot be provided in that location and when evacuation of the entire family is not possible or feasible. Evacuations should be kept to a location as close as possible to the child's home and family and undertaken with the informed and written consent of the parents and in the best interests of the child.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Year
- 2012
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Migrant domestic workers 2011, para. 62d (ii)
- Paragraph text
- [While the States of employment have the primary responsibility to protect the rights of migrant domestic workers, embassies and consulates of States of origin should play an active role in protecting the rights of their nationals employed as migrant domestic workers. In particular, embassies and consulates of countries of origin that are present in countries where migrant domestic workers are employed are encouraged, in coordination with the authorities in the countries of employment, to:] [Receive, record and report information that can be useful to migrant domestic workers in the country of employment as well as to prospective migrant workers back home regarding:] The experience of migrant domestic workers, including travel and arrival, migration-related fees and debt, the effects on family, workplace conflicts, issues of rights and access to justice.
- Body
- Committee on Migrant Workers
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Gender-related dimensions of refugee status, asylum, nationality and statelessness of women 2014, para. 49
- Paragraph text
- States parties should recognize in their legislation that seeking asylum is not an unlawful act and that women asylum seekers should not be penalized (including by means of detention) for their illegal entry or stay if they present themselves to the authorities without delay and show good cause for their illegal entry or stay. As a general rule, detention of pregnant women and nursing mothers, who both have special needs, should be avoided, while children should not be detained with their mothers unless doing so is the only means of maintaining family unity and is determined to be in the best interest of the child. Alternatives to detention, including release with or without conditions, should be considered in each individual case and especially when separate facilities for women and/or families are not available.
- Body
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2014
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Migrant domestic workers 2011, para. 28c
- Paragraph text
- [For nationals considering whether to migrate for domestic work, States parties should take appropriate measures to disseminate information on their rights under the Convention as well as the conditions of their admission and employment and their rights and obligations under the law and practice of other States (article 33). Such awareness-raising could include:] Essential information and perspectives on: (i) Migration-related fees and debt; (ii) Family aspects and effects on family life, such as separation, right to family visits or return, pregnancy during employment, etc.; and (iii) Other risks of domestic work outside the country of origin.
- Body
- Committee on Migrant Workers
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Migrant domestic workers 2011, para. 29c
- Paragraph text
- [For workers who have made the decision to migrate for domestic work, States parties are encouraged to develop more specific pre-departure training and awareness-raising programmes. Such training may be developed in consultation with relevant non-governmental organizations, migrant domestic workers and their families, and recognized and reliable recruitment agencies, and could cover:] Awareness-raising training, including issues of migration, working conditions, social security, debt, finance and work-related fees and basic knowledge on methods of conflict resolution, and avenues for redress;
- Body
- Committee on Migrant Workers
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Migrant domestic workers 2011, para. 29e
- Paragraph text
- [For workers who have made the decision to migrate for domestic work, States parties are encouraged to develop more specific pre-departure training and awareness-raising programmes. Such training may be developed in consultation with relevant non-governmental organizations, migrant domestic workers and their families, and recognized and reliable recruitment agencies, and could cover:] Contact information for emergency assistance, including embassies and consulates and relevant civil society organizations in countries of employment; and
- Body
- Committee on Migrant Workers
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Migrant domestic workers 2011, para. 29f
- Paragraph text
- [For workers who have made the decision to migrate for domestic work, States parties are encouraged to develop more specific pre-departure training and awareness-raising programmes. Such training may be developed in consultation with relevant non-governmental organizations, migrant domestic workers and their families, and recognized and reliable recruitment agencies, and could cover:] Other information needed on logistics, safety, health, human rights issues and points of assistance during the entire migratory process.
- Body
- Committee on Migrant Workers
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Impact of the criminalization of migration on the protection and enjoyment of human rights 2010, para. 87e
- Paragraph text
- [In cases where, exceptionally, detention of migrants is justified, this should not be made in facilities for criminals. Migration-related detention centres should not bear similarities to prison-like conditions. In connection with immigration detention facilities, States should bear in mind that:] Social protection (including access to education, health care, recreation and legal assistance), as well as contact with family in both countries of destination and origin, should be guaranteed: contact should also be facilitated with immigrant communities in destination countries and civil society institutions.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Banking on mobility over a generation: follow-up to the regional study on the management of the external borders of the European Union and its impact on the human rights of migrants 2015, para. 112
- Paragraph text
- [To the European Union and its member States] In line with the best interests of the child principle, step up protections afforded to migrant children, particularly unaccompanied minors, and families with children. Aim to eradicate the detention of children completely and to respond adequately to the vulnerability of children in reception and social protection provisions. Age verification is not a justification for detention and member States should move towards a model that assumes vulnerability and responds by providing adequate protection, given the particularly damaging impact of even short periods of detention on children.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Protection of children from sale and sexual exploitation following humanitarian crisis due to natural disasters 2012, para. 109
- Paragraph text
- Efforts should be undertaken to accurately record the basic details of a child's identity, including the name of the child and her/his parents, details of their residence and community, the date of evacuation, and to whom the child was entrusted for care. Each child should receive a copy of his/her file which should stay on their person and should include travel documents. Each child should have a name tag pinned to his/her clothing which also indicates the name of the child's community of origin. When possible, a photograph of the child should be taken and included in the files. Copies of files should be given to parents, national authorities, the organization responsible for evacuation (if necessary) and a neutral monitoring agency, such as the ICRC's Central Tracing Agency.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Year
- 2012
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Sale of children for the purpose of forced labour 2016, para. 97
- Paragraph text
- The sale of children for the purpose of forced labour is a multifaceted phenomenon with diverse root causes, risk factors, manifestations and effects. Families may use the sale of children for the purpose of forced labour as a coping strategy for survival. Children, whether sold or entrusted to a third party, may fall into the hands of traffickers, who will in turn sell them for forced labour. They may also end up under the control of criminal organized groups. Demand for products with competitive prices is also a pull factor for the sale of children for forced labour and labour exploitation. In conflict situations, lawlessness and social, economic and institutional breakdown, as well as deliberate conflict strategies, may lead children to be abducted and sold for the purpose of forced labour.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Child slavery in the artisanal mining and quarrying sector 2011, para. 90
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur recommends that States ratify fully and implement all relevant international legal instruments to prevent child slavery such as the 1926 Slavery Convention, the 1956 Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery, the Slave Trade, and Institutions and Practices Similar to Slavery, the Convention on the Rights of the Child, the Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families and the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2011
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Regional study: management of the European Union external border and the impact on the human rights of migrants 2013, para. 85
- Paragraph text
- Create a harmonized set of minimum standards of rights for migrants in an irregular situation, in compliance with international human rights law. In this regard, take due account of the report of the European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA) on "Fundamental rights of migrants in an irregular situation in the European Union", and urge all European Union member States to ratify the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of their Families.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2013
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Migrant domestic workers 2011, para. 29a
- Paragraph text
- [For workers who have made the decision to migrate for domestic work, States parties are encouraged to develop more specific pre-departure training and awareness-raising programmes. Such training may be developed in consultation with relevant non-governmental organizations, migrant domestic workers and their families, and recognized and reliable recruitment agencies, and could cover:] A comprehensive "know your rights" curriculum, covering both international and national frameworks, using the Convention as a reference;
- Body
- Committee on Migrant Workers
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Migrant domestic workers 2011, para. 29b
- Paragraph text
- [For workers who have made the decision to migrate for domestic work, States parties are encouraged to develop more specific pre-departure training and awareness-raising programmes. Such training may be developed in consultation with relevant non-governmental organizations, migrant domestic workers and their families, and recognized and reliable recruitment agencies, and could cover:] Know your obligations orientation to essential aspects of the law and culture of the country of employment;
- Body
- Committee on Migrant Workers
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Manifestations and causes of domestic servitude 2010, para. 94
- Paragraph text
- [Children are particularly vulnerable to domestic servitude, especially if they live with their employers and/or migrate on their own to find domestic work:] States should help marginalized families whose children are at risk of domestic servitude (e.g. through conditional cash transfer programmes), while reinforcing efforts to provide viable alternatives for children on their own, including street children, abandoned children and orphans. States should expand efforts to work with teachers, religious leaders and community organizations to end child domestic labour.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Year
- 2010
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
The right to an effective remedy for trafficked persons 2011, para. 43
- Paragraph text
- States should encourage trafficked children to express their views and give them due consideration in accordance with their age and maturity. In order to facilitate this process, States should ensure that trafficked children are equipped with information on all matters affecting their interests, including their situation, legal options, entitlements and services available to them, and processes of family reunification or repatriation. Further, States should ensure that trafficked children have access to legal, interpretative and other necessary assistance, provided by professionals trained in child rights and how to communicate with trafficked children.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Civil & Political Rights
- Movement
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Year
- 2011
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Labour exploitation of migrants 2014, para. 95
- Paragraph text
- Continue to work towards the elimination of child labour for migrant children. Enhance government oversight in industries where there are large numbers of migrant child labourers working in hazardous conditions, such as in domestic work and agriculture. Ensure that labour inspectors are trained and knowledgeable about child labour. Ensure that migrant children have access to education on the basis of equal treatment with nationals. Ensure that children of migrants are registered upon birth, regardless of the migration status of the parents.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2014
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Migrant domestic workers 2011, para. 54
- Paragraph text
- States parties shall take appropriate measures to protect the unity of the families of migrant domestic workers in a regular situation (article 44, paragraph 1). In particular, migrant domestic workers should have reasonable opportunities for family contact and family-related mobility, including opportunities to communicate with family left behind, travel to participate in essential family matters such as funerals, and, especially in the case of long-term migrants, to visit spouses and children in other countries. States parties should ensure that children separated from one or both parents are allowed to maintain direct contact with both parents on a regular basis.
- Body
- Committee on Migrant Workers
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Labour exploitation of migrants 2014, para. 75
- Paragraph text
- Ratify the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2014
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
The impact of bilateral and multilateral trade agreements on the human rights of migrants 2016, para. 92a
- Paragraph text
- [To address the direct impact of international trade on the human right of migrants, the Special Rapporteur recommends that:] States ratify the core international human rights treaties, particularly those that recognize the rights of migrant workers, such as the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families, the ILO fundamental conventions, the ILO migrant workers conventions (the Migration for Employment Convention (Revised), 1949 (No. 97), and the Migrant Workers (Supplementary Provisions) Convention, 1975 (No. 143)), other ILO conventions (particularly, the Labour Inspection Convention, 1947 (No. 81), the Contracts of Employment (Indigenous Workers) Convention, 1947 (No. 86), and the Domestic Workers Convention, 2011 (No. 189)), all other conventions that may offer protections for migrant workers, the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, and the Convention relating to the Status of Refugees;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Ethnic minorities
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Detention of migrants in an irregular situation 2012, para. 76
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur would like to encourage States that have not yet done so, to consider ratifying the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 59
- Paragraph text
- A range of conditions particular to, or commonly associated with, situations of conflict fuel trafficking by amplifying vulnerabilities and increasing opportunities for exploitation. These include, but are not limited to, a distorted economy that is heavily reliant on criminality and the presence of organized criminal groups already involved in cross-border trafficking of arms, drugs and other illicit products that have the capacity to expand into trafficking in persons and that are in a position to take advantage of additional opportunities to generate profit. A weak or non-existent justice and protection system that perpetuates impunity fails to protect the most vulnerable groups and individuals of society from exploitation. Porous borders that make border crossing easier further contribute to trafficking. Other factors include a high prevalence and toleration of violence that extends beyond armed forces to include communities and families, as well as pressure to move, leading to dangerous migration decisions.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Families
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Migrant domestic workers 2011, para. 29d
- Paragraph text
- [For workers who have made the decision to migrate for domestic work, States parties are encouraged to develop more specific pre-departure training and awareness-raising programmes. Such training may be developed in consultation with relevant non-governmental organizations, migrant domestic workers and their families, and recognized and reliable recruitment agencies, and could cover:] Financial literacy, including information on remittances and saving schemes;
- Body
- Committee on Migrant Workers
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph