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Inter-American Convention on International Traffic in Minors 1994, para. c
- Paragraph text
- For the purpose of the present Convention: c) "Unlawful purpose" includes, among others, prostitution, sexual exploitation, servitude or any other purpose unlawful in either the State of the minor's habitual residence or the State Party where the minor is located.
- Legal status
- Legally binding
- Body
- Organization of American States
- Document type
- Regional treaty
- Topic(s)
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Adolescents
- Children
- Infants
- Year
- 1994
Paragraph
Inter-American Convention on International Traffic in Minors 1994, para. undefined
- Paragraph text
- The following shall have competence in cases of crimes involving international traffic in minors: a) the State Party where the wrongful conduct occurred; b) the State Party that is the habitual residence of the minor; c) the State Party in which the alleged offender is located if said offender has not been extradited. d) the State Party in which the minor who is a victim of said traffic is located. For the purposes of the preceding paragraph, the State Party that first conducted formal proceedings concerning the wrongful act shall have preference.
- Legal status
- Legally binding
- Body
- Organization of American States
- Document type
- Regional treaty
- Topic(s)
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Adolescents
- Children
- Infants
- Year
- 1994
Paragraph
Inter-American Convention on International Traffic in Minors 1994, para. b
- Paragraph text
- This Convention shall apply to any minor who is habitually resident in a State Party or is located in a State Party at the time when an act of international traffic occurs in respect of him or her. For the purpose of the present Convention: b) "International traffic in minors" means the abduction, removal or retention, or attempted abduction, removal or retention, of a minor for unlawful purposes or by unlawful means.
- Legal status
- Legally binding
- Body
- Organization of American States
- Document type
- Regional treaty
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Adolescents
- Children
- Infants
- Year
- 1994
Paragraph
Inter-American Convention on International Traffic in Minors 1994, para. undefined
- Paragraph text
- Adoptions and other similar legal proceedings performed in a State Party shall be subject to annulment if they had their origin or purpose in international traffic in minors. In such annulment, the minor's best interests shall be taken into account at all times. The annulment shall be subject to the law and the competent authorities of the State where the adoption or legal proceedings concerned took place.
- Legal status
- Legally binding
- Body
- Organization of American States
- Document type
- Regional treaty
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Adolescents
- Children
- Infants
- Year
- 1994
Paragraph
Adolescents and youth 2012, para. 13
- Paragraph text
- Urges Member States to take effective measures in conformity with international law to protect adolescents and youth affected or exploited by terrorism and incitement;
- Legal status
- Negotiated soft law
- Body
- Commission on Population and Development
- Document type
- Resolution
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Adolescents
- Youth
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Conclusion On Children At Risk 2007, para. 1
- Paragraph text
- Recalling its Conclusions Nos. 47 (XXXVIII), 59 (XL) and 84 (XLVIII), specifically on refugee children and/or adolescents, Conclusion No. 105 (LVI) on Women and Girls at Risk, Conclusion No. 106 (LVI) on Identification, Prevention and Reduction of Statelessness and Protection of Stateless Persons, Conclusion No. 94 (LIII) on the Civilian and Humanitarian Character of Asylum, Conclusion No. 98 (LIV) on Protection from Sexual Abuse and Exploitation, Conclusion No. 100 (LV) on International Cooperation and Burden and Responsibility Sharing in Mass Influx Situations as well as all provisions of relevance to the protection of refugee children set out in other Conclusions, many of which are relevant for other children of concern to UNHCR,
- Legal status
- Negotiated soft law
- Body
- Executive Committee of the Programme of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
- Document type
- ExCom Conclusion
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Adolescents
- Children
- Girls
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2007
Paragraph
Adolescents and youth 2012, para. 12
- Paragraph text
- Urges all States to enact and enforce legislation to protect all adolescents and youth, including those in situations of armed conflict, natural disasters or humanitarian emergencies, from all forms of violence, including gender-based violence and sexual violence, trafficking in persons and involvement in criminal activities, and to provide social and health services, including sexual and reproductive health services, and complaint and reporting mechanisms for the redress of violations of their human rights;
- Legal status
- Negotiated soft law
- Body
- Commission on Population and Development
- Document type
- Resolution
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Adolescents
- Youth
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Elimination and prevention of all forms of violence against women and girls 2013, para. 34aaa
- Paragraph text
- [The Commission urges governments, at all levels[...] to take the following actions:] [Addressing structural and underlying causes and risk factors so as to prevent violence against women and girls]: Condemn and take action to prevent violence against women and girls in health-care settings, including sexual harassment, humiliation and forced medical procedures, or those conducted without informed consent, and which may be irreversible, such as forced hysterectomy, forced caesarean section, forced sterilization, forced abortion, and forced use of contraceptives, especially for particularly vulnerable and disadvantaged women and girls, such as those living with HIV, women and girls with disabilities, indigenous and Afro-descendent women and girls, pregnant adolescents and young mothers, older women, and women and girls from national or ethnic minorities;
- Legal status
- Negotiated soft law
- Body
- Commission on the Status of Women
- Document type
- CSW Agreed Conclusions / Declaration
- Topic(s)
- Gender
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Adolescents
- Girls
- Women
- Youth
- Year
- 2013
Paragraph
Refugee Children 1989, para. (h)
- Paragraph text
- Called upon UNHCR to promote the best possible legal protection of unaccompanied minors, particularly with regard to forced recruitment into armed forces and to the risks associated with irregular adoption;
- Legal status
- Negotiated soft law
- Body
- Executive Committee of the Programme of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
- Document type
- ExCom Conclusion
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Adolescents
- Children
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 1989
Paragraph
Adolescents and youth 2012, para. 20
- Paragraph text
- Emphasizing that the full implementation of the United Nations Global Plan of Action to Combat Trafficking in Persons will contribute to address all factors and root factors that foster demand and make adolescents and youth, especially young women and girls, vulnerable to trafficking, as well as the protection and rehabilitation of victims and will, inter alia, promote, as appropriate, increased ratification and full implementation of the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime and its Protocol to Prevent, Suppress, and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children,
- Legal status
- Negotiated soft law
- Body
- Commission on Population and Development
- Document type
- Resolution
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Adolescents
- Children
- Girls
- Women
- Youth
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Adolescents and youth 2012, para. 18
- Paragraph text
- Recognizing that all forms of violence against adolescents and youth violate their rights, and in this regard recognizing the need to take appropriate actions to address the factors that increase the particular vulnerability of adolescents and youth to all forms of violence,
- Legal status
- Negotiated soft law
- Body
- Commission on Population and Development
- Document type
- Resolution
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Adolescents
- Youth
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Elimination and prevention of all forms of violence against women and girls 2013, para. 34ss
- Paragraph text
- [The Commission urges governments, at all levels[...] to take the following actions:] [Addressing structural and underlying causes and risk factors so as to prevent violence against women and girls]: Ensure the access of adolescents to services and programmes on preventing early pregnancy, sexually transmitted infections and HIV, ensuring personal safety, and preventing the use and abuse of alcohol and other harmful substances;
- Legal status
- Negotiated soft law
- Body
- Commission on the Status of Women
- Document type
- CSW Agreed Conclusions / Declaration
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Health
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Adolescents
- Girls
- Women
- Year
- 2013
Paragraph
Refugee Children and Adolescents 1997, para. (b) iii
- Paragraph text
- [Urges States and concerned parties to take all possible measures to protect child and adolescent refugees, inter alia, by:] preventing sexual violence, exploitation, trafficking and abuse; addressing the needs and rights of child and adolescent victims through provision of appropriate legal and rehabilitative remedies; and by following up on the Plan of Action of the 1996 Stockholm World Congress on the Sexual Exploitation of Children;
- Legal status
- Negotiated soft law
- Body
- Executive Committee of the Programme of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
- Document type
- ExCom Conclusion
- Topic(s)
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Adolescents
- Children
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 1997
Paragraph
Elimination and prevention of all forms of violence against women and girls 2013, para. 34lll
- Paragraph text
- [The Commission urges governments, at all levels[...] to take the following actions:] [Strengthening multisectoral services, programmes and responses to violence against women and girls]: Expand the availability of health-care services, and in particular, strengthen maternal and reproductive health centres, as key entry points that provide support, referrals to services and protection to families, women and girls at risk of violence, especially sexual violence, and which provide support to adolescents in order to avoid early and unintended pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections, through education, information and access to sexual and reproductive health-care services;
- Legal status
- Negotiated soft law
- Body
- Commission on the Status of Women
- Document type
- CSW Agreed Conclusions / Declaration
- Topic(s)
- Gender
- Health
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Adolescents
- Families
- Girls
- Women
- Year
- 2013
Paragraph
Elimination and prevention of all forms of violence against women and girls 2013, para. 34pp
- Paragraph text
- [The Commission urges governments, at all levels[...] to take the following actions:] [Addressing structural and underlying causes and risk factors so as to prevent violence against women and girls]: Engage, educate, encourage and support men and boys to take responsibility for their behaviour, to ensure that men and adolescent boys take responsibility for their sexual and reproductive behaviour, and to refrain from all forms of discrimination and violence against women and girls; develop, invest in and implement policies, strategies and programmes, including comprehensive education programmes to increase their understanding of the harmful effects of violence and how it undermines gender equality and human dignity, promote respectful relationships, provide positive role models for gender equality and encourage men and boys to take an active part and become strategic partners and allies in the prevention and elimination of all forms of discrimination and violence against women and girls;
- Legal status
- Negotiated soft law
- Body
- Commission on the Status of Women
- Document type
- CSW Agreed Conclusions / Declaration
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Adolescents
- Boys
- Girls
- Men
- Women
- Year
- 2013
Paragraph
Conclusion On Women And Girls At Risk 2006, para. 1
- Paragraph text
- Recalling its Conclusions Nos. 39 (XXXVI), 54 (XXXIX), 60 (XL) and 64 (XLI) on refugee women; Nos. 47 (XXXVIII), 59 (XL) and 84 (XLVIII) on refugee children and/or adolescents; Nos. 73 (XLIV) and 98 (LIV) on refugee protection and sexual violence and protection from sexual abuse and exploitation respectively, and No. 94 (LIII) on the civilian and humanitarian character of asylum,
- Legal status
- Negotiated soft law
- Body
- Executive Committee of the Programme of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
- Document type
- ExCom Conclusion
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Adolescents
- Children
- Girls
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2006
Paragraph
Refugee Children and Adolescents 1997, para. 3
- Paragraph text
- Gravely concerned that refugee children and adolescents continue to be exposed to family separation, physical violence and other violations of their human rights, including through sexual abuse and exploitation, and military or armed attacks,
- Legal status
- Negotiated soft law
- Body
- Executive Committee of the Programme of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
- Document type
- ExCom Conclusion
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Adolescents
- Children
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 1997
Paragraph
Conclusion On Children At Risk 2007, para. (c) ii
- Paragraph text
- Calls on States, UNHCR and other relevant agencies and partners to put in place modalities, as appropriate, for early and continuous identification of children at heightened risk. Risk factors that put children in a situation of heightened risk can include both risks in the wider protection environment and risks resulting from individual circumstances, taking into account the cumulative effects of being exposed to several risk factors, such as:] Individual risk factors, including, but not limited to: unaccompanied and separated children, particularly those in child-headed households as well as those accompanied by abusive or exploitative adults; stateless children; adolescents, in particular girl mothers and their children; child victims of trafficking and sexual abuse, including pornography, pedophilia and prostitution; survivors of torture; survivors of violence, in particular sexual and gender-based violence and other forms of abuse and exploitation; children who get married under the age specified in national laws and/or children in forced marriages; children who are or have been associated with armed forces or groups; children in detention; children who suffer from social discrimination; children with mental or physical disabilities; children living with or affected by HIV and AIDS and children suffering from other serious diseases; and children out of school;
- Legal status
- Negotiated soft law
- Body
- Executive Committee of the Programme of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
- Document type
- ExCom Conclusion
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Adolescents
- Children
- Girls
- Year
- 2007
Paragraph
The implementation of the rights of the child during adolescence 2016, para. 49
- Paragraph text
- The Committee refers States parties to the recommendations in general comments No. 13 (2011) on the right of the child to freedom from all forms of violence and No. 18 (2014) on harmful practices for comprehensive legislative, administrative, social and educational measures to bring an end to all forms of violence, including a legal prohibition on corporal punishment in all settings, and to transform and bring an end to all harmful practices. States parties need to create more opportunities for scaling up institutional programmes on prevention and rehabilitation, and the social reintegration of adolescent victims. The Committee highlights the need to involve adolescents in the development of prevention strategies and protective responses to victims of violence.
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Committee on the Rights of the Child
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Adolescents
- Children
- Year
- 2016
Paragraph
Report of the SR on the right to health and Agenda 2030 2016, para. 95
- Paragraph text
- A holistic approach to addressing violence is consistent with the aim of collectively implementing the Sustainable Development Goal targets on violence across the agenda. It is also consonant with the indivisible and interrelated nature of human rights. From a human rights and public health perspective, violence must be addressed comprehensively, including obligations to eliminate violence within health-care settings, to address how structural factors, such as laws and policies, institutionalize violence and to eliminate violence against women and children. The right to health also includes an entitlement to safe access to health care and to a safe environment. Importantly, children and adolescents have a right to be free from violence and to healthy development.
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Gender
- Health
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Adolescents
- Children
- Women
- Year
- 2016
Paragraph
The impact of bilateral and multilateral trade agreements on the human rights of migrants 2016, para. 60
- Paragraph text
- Migrant children have unique concerns in the context of trade, as they comprise a significant proportion of child labourers in informal sectors, as well as in the commercial sex industry. In 2010, in the context of the trade agreement between Panama and the United States, the National Bureau against Child Labour and for the Protection of Adolescent Workers was established within the Panamanian labour department. The partnership agreement between the members of the African, Caribbean and Pacific States and the European Union, also known as the Cotonou Agreement, provided for the creation of cooperative education programmes towards the elimination of child labour.
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Adolescents
- Children
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2016
Paragraph
A human rights-based approach to the administration of criminal justice in cases of trafficking in persons 2012, para. 70
- Paragraph text
- Extradition is another important legal mechanism for ensuring the effective prosecution of suspects, precluding the ability of traffickers to flee to a "safe haven" State. The United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime requires States parties to treat offences established in accordance with the Protocol as extraditable offences under domestic law, and to ensure that such offences are included as extraditable offences in current and future extradition treaties. A number of regional instruments, such as the Inter-American Convention on International Traffic in Minors, in its article 10, specifically identify trafficking as an extraditable offence. A number of States have explicitly provided that trafficking is an extraditable offence.
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Adolescents
- Children
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
SRSG on violence against children: Annual report 2010, para. 63
- Paragraph text
- The development of close collaboration with human rights bodies and mechanisms is an essential component of the Special Representative's agenda. This cooperation is critical in pursuing an integrated approach to children's protection from violence and capitalizing on synergies across mandates, in the overall framework of the implementation of children's rights standards and commitments to children, including those undertaken at the Millennium Summit, the special session of the General Assembly on Children and, more recently, the Third World Congress against Sexual Exploitation of Children and Adolescents. The Call for Action adopted by the Congress highlights the importance of close cooperation between mandate holders, and its agenda provides a valuable framework for mutually supportive actions and accelerated progress in the follow-up to the study's recommendations; those include the development of national plans and the enactment of effective legislation, and the establishment of reporting mechanisms for child victims.
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Representative of the Secretary-General on violence against children
- Document type
- SRSG report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Adolescents
- Children
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 86
- Paragraph text
- In the Rio de Janeiro Declaration and Call for Action to Prevent and Stop Sexual Exploitation of Children and Adolescents it was recommended that a comprehensive framework be established by 2013 to harmonize and facilitate coordination and cooperation at the national, regional and international levels among all relevant stakeholders, including child-led organizations, to enable and support concrete actions to prevent and stop the sexual exploitation of children and adolescents.
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Adolescents
- Children
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
SRSG on violence against children: Annual report 2015, para. 139
- Paragraph text
- The Special Representative will continue to mobilize support to consolidate those important efforts and in 2015, will place special emphasis on the following topics: ensuring violence against children remains a distinct concern on the global development agenda; reinforcing the protection of children from online sexual abuse; strengthening action for the prevention of violence in early childhood; and promoting the protection of children and adolescents affected by community and armed violence and organized crime.
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Representative of the Secretary-General on violence against children
- Document type
- SRSG report
- Topic(s)
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Adolescents
- Children
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
SRSG on violence against children: Annual report 2015, para. 46
- Paragraph text
- Concern about the role of ICTs in generating violence against children has been growing in recent years. In 2006, the United Nations Study on Violence Against Children acknowledged that "the Internet and other developments of communication technologies … appear to be associated with an increased risk of sexual exploitation of children, as well as other forms of violence" (A/61/299, para. 77). The third World Congress against Sexual Exploitation of Children and Adolescents, held in 2008 in Brazil, reaffirmed that concern.
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Representative of the Secretary-General on violence against children
- Document type
- SRSG report
- Topic(s)
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Adolescents
- Children
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
Joint report with SRSG Violence against Children on child-sensitive complaint mechanisms 2011, para. 18
- Paragraph text
- Children's views and recommendations helped shape the United Nations study and remain essential for its follow-up; they were also highly relevant in the special session of the General Assembly on children (8-10 May 2002) and in the three World Congresses against sexual exploitation of children and adolescents. Some of children's key recommendations include: increased access to information on the rights of the child and accessibility to child-friendly services, including telephone helplines with free access; establishment of child protection agencies in local communities to protect vulnerable children; and the creation of an ombudsman's office in each country.
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Adolescents
- Children
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
SRSG on violence against children: Annual report 2010, para. 37
- Paragraph text
- The development of close collaboration with human rights bodies and mechanisms is an essential component of the Special Representative's agenda. This cooperation is critical in pursuing an integrated approach to children's protection from violence and capitalizing on synergies across mandates, in the overall framework of the implementation of children's rights standards and commitments to children, including those undertaken at the Millennium Summit, the Special Session on Children and, more recently, the Third World Congress against Sexual Exploitation of Children and Adolescents. The call for action issued as part of the Congress highlights the importance of close cooperation between mandate holders, and its agenda provides a valuable framework for mutually supportive actions and accelerated progress towards the achievement of the time-bound targets agreed upon at the Congress; these targets are also of strategic relevance to the process of follow-up to the study's recommendations.
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Representative of the Secretary-General on violence against children
- Document type
- SRSG report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Adolescents
- Children
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
SRSG on violence against children: Annual report 2010, para. 61
- Paragraph text
- The Congress was a strategic forum to promote and review progress in the Americas on follow-up to the recommendations of the study, and to launch the report on corporal punishment and human rights of children and adolescents, recently issued by the Office of the Rapporteur on the Rights of the Child of the Inter-American Commission. This important report builds upon the United Nations study and calls on member States of the Organization of American States to place explicit and absolute legal bans on the use of corporal punishment in all settings; adopt preventive, educational, and other measures to ensure the eradication of this form of violence and promote positive and non-violent alternatives; and make the Americas a region free of child corporal punishment by 2011.
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Representative of the Secretary-General on violence against children
- Document type
- SRSG report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Adolescents
- Children
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
SRSG on violence against children: Annual report 2010, para. 83
- Paragraph text
- The situation of those children remains hidden and surrounded by stigma, and is seldom envisaged as a priority in the policy agenda. There is scarce information on the numbers of children deprived of liberty and on the reasons that lead to their placement in justice and care institutions; independent monitoring mechanisms are rarely available to safeguard their rights and address their complaints; and sensationalistic information, combined with ill perception of growing juvenile delinquency, fuel social pressure for the criminalization of children and adolescents, and for the introduction of increasingly lower ages of criminal responsibility and longer measures of deprivation of liberty. This is a pattern that helps to create a culture of tolerance of violence against children, and which often contributes to the stigmatization of children belonging to poor and disadvantaged groups.
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Representative of the Secretary-General on violence against children
- Document type
- SRSG report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Adolescents
- Children
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph