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Council of Europe Convention on the Protection of Children against Sexual Exploitation and Sexual Abuse 2007, para. undefined
- Paragraph text
- No reservation may be made in respect of any provision of this Convention, with the exception of the reservations expressly established. Any reservation may be withdrawn at any time.
- Legal status
- Legally binding
- Body
- Council of Europe
- Document type
- Regional treaty
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2007
Paragraph
Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention 1999, para. 2
- Paragraph text
- For the purposes of this Convention, the term child shall apply to all persons under the age of 18.
- Legal status
- Legally binding
- Body
- International Labour Organization
- Document type
- International treaty
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 1999
Paragraph
SAARC Convention on Regional Arrangements for the Promotion of Child Welfare in South Asia 2002, para. 3b
- Paragraph text
- States Parties shall ensure that appropriate legal and administrative mechanisms and social safety nets and defenses are always in place to: (b) Discourage entry of children into hazardous and harmful labour and ensure implementation of the Ninth SAARC Summit decision to eliminate the evil of child labour from the SAARC region. In doing so, States Parties shall adopt a multi-pronged strategy including the provision of opportunities at the primary level and supportive social safety nets for families that tend to provide child labourers.
- Legal status
- Legally binding
- Body
- South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation
- Document type
- Regional treaty
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Year
- 2002
Paragraph
Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention 1999, para. 3
- Paragraph text
- Considering that the effective elimination of the worst forms of child labour requires immediate and comprehensive action, taking into account the importance of free basic education and the need to remove the children concerned from all such work and to provide for their rehabilitation and social integration while addressing the needs of their families, and
- Legal status
- Legally binding
- Body
- International Labour Organization
- Document type
- International treaty
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Year
- 1999
Paragraph
Child and dependant care, including sharing of work and family responsibilities 1996, para. 12c
- Paragraph text
- [Action is needed to:] (c) Promote legislative measures, incentives and/or measures of encouragement that would enable men and women to take parental leave and receive social security benefits. Such measures should protect working men and women against dismissal and guarantee their right to re-enter employment in an equivalent post;
- Legal status
- Negotiated soft law
- Body
- Commission on the Status of Women
- Document type
- CSW Agreed Conclusions / Declaration
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Men
- Women
- Year
- 1996
Paragraph
Child and dependant care, including sharing of work and family responsibilities 1996, para. 8
- Paragraph text
- These measures should include recognition of the social and economic importance of unremunerated work, and should aim at desegregating the labour market through, inter alia, the adoption and application of laws embodying the principle of equal pay for women and men for equal work or work of equal value.
- Legal status
- Negotiated soft law
- Body
- Commission on the Status of Women
- Document type
- CSW Agreed Conclusions / Declaration
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Men
- Women
- Year
- 1996
Paragraph
Child and dependant care, including sharing of work and family responsibilities 1996, para. 5
- Paragraph text
- Family responsibilities rest equally with men and with women. Greater participation of men in family responsibilities, including domestic work and child and dependant care, would contribute to the welfare of children, women and men themselves. Even though this change is bound to be slow and difficult, it remains essential.
- Legal status
- Negotiated soft law
- Body
- Commission on the Status of Women
- Document type
- CSW Agreed Conclusions / Declaration
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Men
- Women
- Year
- 1996
Paragraph
Child and dependant care, including sharing of work and family responsibilities 1996, para. 16
- Paragraph text
- Child and dependant care can constitute a major source of new jobs for women and men.
- Legal status
- Negotiated soft law
- Body
- Commission on the Status of Women
- Document type
- CSW Agreed Conclusions / Declaration
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Men
- Women
- Year
- 1996
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 83
- Paragraph text
- Most child parliaments are led by adults and often involve young people on an ad hoc or token basis. In some cases, they are composed only of children from privileged backgrounds.
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Youth
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 87
- Paragraph text
- Most research continues to be initiated and led by adults, involving children as providers of information but only rarely as researchers owing to a range of practical and ethical issues.
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Effective Implementation of the OPSC 2010, para. 123
- Paragraph text
- [This approach will make it possible to:] better understand and grasp the multidimensional nature of these phenomena and the vulnerabilities of certain groups of children;
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Manifestations and causes of domestic servitude 2010, para. 22
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur is particularly concerned about the high number of children in domestic work (see section 2c). Children are often sought for domestic work as they are seen as cheaper, less demanding and easier to control than adults. There are large numbers of child domestic workers in all continents, with the highest number probably residing in Asia. For example, ILO reports that 175,000 children under 18 are employed in domestic service in Central America, more than 688,000 in Indonesia, 53,942 children under 15 in South Africa and 38,000 children between 5 and 7 in Guatemala. Girls constitute the vast majority of child domestic workers (90 per cent according to some estimates). According to ILO, more girls under 16 years are in domestic service than in any other category of child labour.
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Girls
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Child slavery in the artisanal mining and quarrying sector 2011, para. 25
- Paragraph text
- In 1999, the ILO member States, conscious of the magnitude of the problem of children being trapped in the worst forms of child labour, adopted Convention No. 182 (1999) concerning the Prohibition and Immediate Action for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labour. This convention is the reflection of a global consensus that immediate and effective measures should be taken to secure the prohibition and elimination of the worst forms of child labour as a matter or urgency. ILO recommendation No. 190 advises ILO members on the implementation of Convention No. 182 and allows for exceptions for children from the age of 16 working in hazardous environments, provided that the health, safety and morals of the children concerned are fully protected and that "the children have received adequate specific instruction or vocational training in the relevant branch of activity".
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive prevention strategies against sale and sexual exploitation of children 2013, para. 101a
- Paragraph text
- [Corporate social responsibility has received increased attention in recognition of the business sector's role in upholding and promoting human rights. In that context, the Children's Rights and Business Principles (2012) developed by UNICEF, the United Nations Global Compact and Save the Children, highlight the double nature of the role of the business sector with regards to children's rights:] The corporate responsibility to respect the human rights of others, including children, by avoiding infringements and addressing the human rights impact of business activities;
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2013
Paragraph
Debt bondage as a key form of contemporary slavery 2016, para. 16
- Paragraph text
- In traditional forms of debt bondage in South Asia, patronage assumes an important role in the employer-employee relationship, in that the labour and the life of the debtor become collateral for the debt accrued. In some cases, such patronage perpetuates the cycle of debt from one generation to the next. However, this generational debt bondage has decreased over the years and has been replaced by a more individualized temporary and/or seasonal form of bondage that is exclusively economic and lacks the dimension of patronage. This form of debt bondage, also known as "neo-bondage", is considered to involve the seasonal movement of migrant workers within and between countries. Such workers are recruited by intermediaries who usually demand the payment of an advance and the settlement of wages at the end of the contract in exchange for their intermediation. Neo-bondage is similar to traditional forms of bondage, in the sense that the men, women and children vulnerable to such practices mainly belong to marginalized communities.
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Men
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2016
Paragraph
SRSG on violence against children: Annual report 2016, para. 69
- Paragraph text
- Characterized by an imbalance of power, cyberbullying can cause profound harm. Although the impact depends on the character and circumstances of the victim, the particular type of cyberbullying and the degree to which it violates a child's integrity and dignity, victims commonly experience anxiety, fear, distress, confusion, anger, insecurity, lowered self-esteem, a strong sense of shame and even suicidal thoughts. Children's performance at school may suffer due to psychological distress or they may play truant to avoid being bullied. School dropout rates can also be higher among victims.
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Representative of the Secretary-General on violence against children
- Document type
- SRSG report
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2016
Paragraph
Extreme poverty and human rights on universal basic income 2017, para. 38
- Paragraph text
- However, many social insurance and social assistance programmes that are integral parts of the welfare state differ in crucial respects from basic income. A study of 108 countries where child benefit or family benefit schemes were anchored in national legislation found that only 49 of them had non-contributory schemes. And contributory schemes generally only cover those in formal employment. They are therefore not universal, and often impose conditions, such as actively searching for work or undergoing medical tests. Moreover, they often go well beyond a floor, by compensating in part or in full for lost earnings.
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Year
- 2017
Paragraph
SRSG on violence against children: Annual report 2015, para. 54
- Paragraph text
- Today's children tend to shift easily between "real" and "virtual" worlds and regard the online/offline distinction as increasingly less relevant. ICTs are contributing to the breakdown of traditional boundaries of privacy, creating situations in which children engage in "chats" in apparently private settings while in fact potentially exposing themselves to a wide and unknown audience. Sharing personal information, and not recognizing online dangers or warning signals, may lead to multiple risks for children.
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Representative of the Secretary-General on violence against children
- Document type
- SRSG report
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
The right of the child to have his or her best interest taken as a primary consideration 2013, para. 92
- Paragraph text
- Facts and information relevant to a particular case must be obtained by well-trained professionals in order to draw up all the elements necessary for the best-interests assessment. This could involve interviewing persons close to the child, other people who are in contact with the child on a daily basis, witnesses to certain incidents, among others. Information and data gathered must be verified and analysed prior to being used in the child's or children's best-interests assessment.
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Committee on the Rights of the Child
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2013
Paragraph
Challenges and lessons in combating contemporary forms of slavery 2013, para. 17
- Paragraph text
- In September 2008, the Government of Nepal officially liberated all Haliyas and pardoned their debts to landowners. However, in 2010, the Asia Human Rights Commission reported that most Haliyas were still working for their landlords, despite formal liberation. It is very difficult for former Haliyas to integrate into the labour force as they have little to no education or technical skills and 97 per cent do not own land. Approximately 150,000 people were estimated to be affected by the Haliya system in 2010. All Haliyas are male because females are not allowed to plough and cannot get loans to own land of their own. However, women still assist their husbands' landlords by collecting food for the animals or carrying manure to the farms. Children of Haliyas are often involved in the work as cattle herders, and therefore miss out on educational opportunities.
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Women
- Year
- 2013
Paragraph
Extreme poverty and human rights on universal basic income 2017, para. 36
- Paragraph text
- Most of its proponents do not envision basic income directly replacing the third conception of the welfare state, namely the role of the government in the economy. As far as the second conception is concerned, many proponents appear to leave public education and social services mostly untouched. Even Murray would leave State-funded education and child protection services in place, although individuals would have to fund their own health insurance. But most basic income proposals appear to want to replace, in whole or in part, either the existing contributory social insurance schemes, or the non-contributory social assistance measures for the poorer groups in society, or both.
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2017
Paragraph
The UN responsibility for the cholera outbreak in Haiti 2016, para. 65
- Paragraph text
- Fifth, guidance might be drawn from important precedents for lump-sum settlements at the national level. Relevant examples include the arrangements set up in the United States to compensate the victims of the 11 September 2001 terrorist attacks, the 2014 agreement between the United States and France to compensate Holocaust victims and the Canadian Reparations Programme for the Indian Residential School System, created to redress the historical legacies of discrimination suffered by Aboriginal children attending those schools.
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Ethnic minorities
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2016
Paragraph
Protection of children from sale and sexual exploitation following humanitarian crisis due to natural disasters 2012, para. 126
- Paragraph text
- Early identification and intervention is essential to increasing the chances for reunification. Priority should be given to locating the families of unaccompanied and very young children.
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Comprehensive prevention strategies against sale and sexual exploitation of children 2013, para. 17b
- Paragraph text
- [Child protection literature and practice identify three main layers of prevention:] Secondary prevention concentrates on specific groups or children which are known to be more at risk by providing additional, targeted, support services;
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2013
Paragraph
Sale of children for the purpose of forced labour 2016, para. 86
- Paragraph text
- There have been initiatives aimed at filling the inspection gap by offering a social label on the production of goods. For instance, the GoodWeave certification ensures that rugs are made without child labour, forced labour or bonded labour. By joining the programme, rug exporters and importers issue an assurance that no child labour was used in the making of a rug and accept unannounced visits by GoodWeave inspectors.
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2016
Paragraph
Sale of children for the purpose of forced labour 2016, para. 45
- Paragraph text
- Children are often transferred from one country to another and find themselves in an unknown setting, with an uncertain legal status, which binds them to their employer. They may be traded from club to club and forced to train intensively, under the threat of finding themselves undocumented, having their dreams crushed and with no resources.
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2016
Paragraph
SRSG on violence against children: Annual report 2012, para. 34
- Paragraph text
- The findings of the Tanzanian survey have paved the way to an implementation phase, initiated with the Government's launch of a coordinated response to address the concerns revealed by the survey. Important efforts are being made to raise awareness and mobilize public support to overcome social acceptance of this phenomenon and social pressure inhibiting child victims from reporting.
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Representative of the Secretary-General on violence against children
- Document type
- SRSG report
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
SRSG on violence against children: Annual report 2016, para. 71
- Paragraph text
- Social engagement through ICTs is now a fundamental part of children's lives, but the manner in which children and young people engage with ICTs is significantly different from that of the previous generation. Children now shift easily between real and virtual worlds, and they regard the online/offline distinction as ever less relevant.
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Representative of the Secretary-General on violence against children
- Document type
- SRSG report
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Youth
- Year
- 2016
Paragraph
Effective Implementation of the OPSC 2010, para. 78
- Paragraph text
- Because they are still growing and are dependent on adults, children are vulnerable by nature. They must be trained, brought up, educated, supervised, guided and moulded by their families, guardians and all others who exercise authority over them. However, certain children are more vulnerable than others.
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Child slavery in the artisanal mining and quarrying sector 2011, para. 113
- Paragraph text
- CSOs and international organizations should work to ensure that alternative childcare services are also available so that mothers are not in a situation in which they take children with them to the mining and quarrying sites because of the lack of specific places to take care of children while they are working.
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph