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Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention 1999, para. 3
- Paragraph text
- Considering that the effective elimination of the worst forms of child labour requires immediate and comprehensive action, taking into account the importance of free basic education and the need to remove the children concerned from all such work and to provide for their rehabilitation and social integration while addressing the needs of their families, and
- Body
- International Labour Organization
- Document type
- International treaty
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Year
- 1999
Paragraph
Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention 1999, para. 2
- Paragraph text
- For the purposes of this Convention, the term child shall apply to all persons under the age of 18.
- Body
- International Labour Organization
- Document type
- International treaty
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 1999
Paragraph
Treatment of Unaccompanied and Separated Children Outside Their Country of Origin 2005, para. 95
- Paragraph text
- Particular attention should be paid to the training of officials working with separated and unaccompanied children and dealing with their cases. Specialized training is equally important for legal representatives, guardians, interpreters and others dealing with separated and unaccompanied children.
- Body
- Committee on the Rights of the Child
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2005
Paragraph
Treatment of Unaccompanied and Separated Children Outside Their Country of Origin 2005, para. 7
- Paragraph text
- Unaccompanied children (also called unaccompanied minors) are children, as defined in article 1 of the Convention, who have been separated from both parents and other relatives and are not being cared for by an adult who, by law or custom, is responsible for doing so.
- Body
- Committee on the Rights of the Child
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Year
- 2005
Paragraph
The UN responsibility for the cholera outbreak in Haiti 2016, para. 65
- Paragraph text
- Fifth, guidance might be drawn from important precedents for lump-sum settlements at the national level. Relevant examples include the arrangements set up in the United States to compensate the victims of the 11 September 2001 terrorist attacks, the 2014 agreement between the United States and France to compensate Holocaust victims and the Canadian Reparations Programme for the Indian Residential School System, created to redress the historical legacies of discrimination suffered by Aboriginal children attending those schools.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Ethnic minorities
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2016
Paragraph
The right of the child to have his or her best interest taken as a primary consideration 2013, para. 92
- Paragraph text
- Facts and information relevant to a particular case must be obtained by well-trained professionals in order to draw up all the elements necessary for the best-interests assessment. This could involve interviewing persons close to the child, other people who are in contact with the child on a daily basis, witnesses to certain incidents, among others. Information and data gathered must be verified and analysed prior to being used in the child's or children's best-interests assessment.
- Body
- Committee on the Rights of the Child
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2013
Paragraph
The right of the child to be heard 2009, para. 55
- Paragraph text
- When a child is to be placed for adoption or kafalah of Islamic law and finally will be adopted or placed in kafalah, it is vitally important that the child is heard. Such a process is also necessary when step-parents or foster families adopt a child, although the child and the adopting parents may have already been living together for some time.
- Body
- Committee on the Rights of the Child
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Year
- 2009
Paragraph
The importance of social protection measures in achieving Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) 2010, para. 26
- Paragraph text
- Several studies indicate a strong positive correlation between a family's vulnerability to economic shocks and a child's early entry into the labour market and reduced school attendance. A family that experiences a severe shock, for example, may have to remove a child from school in order to send him or her to work. Evidence from Latin America suggests that greater family access to risk management instruments, such as unemployment benefits or disability benefits, directly reduces the prevalence of child labour.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
SRSG on violence against children: Annual report 2016, para. 75e
- Paragraph text
- [Recent research on this topic has revealed a number of significant and worrying developments:] The high proportion of content depicting children 13 years of age or younger (85.5 per cent) indicates a need for further research to understand the reasons behind this phenomenon and for awareness-raising campaigns tailored for younger children and their parents to prevent and address the online risks children may face.
- Body
- Special Representative of the Secretary-General on violence against children
- Document type
- SRSG report
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Youth
- Year
- 2016
Paragraph
SRSG on violence against children: Annual report 2016, para. 75a
- Paragraph text
- [Recent research on this topic has revealed a number of significant and worrying developments:] Of the images and videos surveyed, 17.5 per cent depicted children 15 years of age or younger and 85.9 per cent of this content was created using a webcam rather than a mobile device;
- Body
- Special Representative of the Secretary-General on violence against children
- Document type
- SRSG report
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Youth
- Year
- 2016
Paragraph
SRSG on violence against children: Annual report 2016, para. 71
- Paragraph text
- Social engagement through ICTs is now a fundamental part of children's lives, but the manner in which children and young people engage with ICTs is significantly different from that of the previous generation. Children now shift easily between real and virtual worlds, and they regard the online/offline distinction as ever less relevant.
- Body
- Special Representative of the Secretary-General on violence against children
- Document type
- SRSG report
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Youth
- Year
- 2016
Paragraph
SRSG on violence against children: Annual report 2016, para. 69
- Paragraph text
- Characterized by an imbalance of power, cyberbullying can cause profound harm. Although the impact depends on the character and circumstances of the victim, the particular type of cyberbullying and the degree to which it violates a child's integrity and dignity, victims commonly experience anxiety, fear, distress, confusion, anger, insecurity, lowered self-esteem, a strong sense of shame and even suicidal thoughts. Children's performance at school may suffer due to psychological distress or they may play truant to avoid being bullied. School dropout rates can also be higher among victims.
- Body
- Special Representative of the Secretary-General on violence against children
- Document type
- SRSG report
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2016
Paragraph
SRSG on violence against children: Annual report 2015, para. 89
- Paragraph text
- The Guidelines for Parents, Guardians and Educators on Child Online Protection, prepared by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), offer useful guidance on ways to ensure the safety and security of computers in the home and to establish rules on ICT use through discussions with children. The guidelines recommend, for example, never disclosing private information or arranging to meet someone children may have encountered online, and highlighting the risks of posting photographs on the Internet.
- Body
- Special Representative of the Secretary-General on violence against children
- Document type
- SRSG report
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
SRSG on violence against children: Annual report 2015, para. 54
- Paragraph text
- Today's children tend to shift easily between "real" and "virtual" worlds and regard the online/offline distinction as increasingly less relevant. ICTs are contributing to the breakdown of traditional boundaries of privacy, creating situations in which children engage in "chats" in apparently private settings while in fact potentially exposing themselves to a wide and unknown audience. Sharing personal information, and not recognizing online dangers or warning signals, may lead to multiple risks for children.
- Body
- Special Representative of the Secretary-General on violence against children
- Document type
- SRSG report
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
SRSG on violence against children: Annual report 2015, para. 48
- Paragraph text
- Robust indicators will be needed on the prevalence and severity of children's exposure to sexual, physical and emotional violence in order to measure progress towards the adopted targets. In that regard, the Special Representative will continue to advocate for strengthened national statistical capacities and for sound monitoring methodologies and tools to capture and address the magnitude and incidence of violence.
- Body
- Special Representative of the Secretary-General on violence against children
- Document type
- SRSG report
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
SRSG on violence against children: Annual report 2014, para. 94
- Paragraph text
- In contrast with the formal justice system and courtroom setting, which may become extremely intimidating for children, restorative justice programmes provide young people with an opportunity to express their views in a safe environment and surrounded by a supportive network, where they can communicate in their own words and in a non-threatening manner.
- Body
- Special Representative of the Secretary-General on violence against children
- Document type
- SRSG report
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Youth
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
SRSG on violence against children: Annual report 2014, para. 77
- Paragraph text
- In countries in the North, Internet access is more frequent from home, at times through a shared family computer; children also use their own laptop or mobile phone in the privacy of their bedroom. In the global South, access is often from Internet cafes or from mobile devices, creating new challenges for children's safety.
- Body
- Special Representative of the Secretary-General on violence against children
- Document type
- SRSG report
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
SRSG on violence against children: Annual report 2014, para. 21
- Paragraph text
- Thirdly, all professionals working with children in the formal and informal justice system should acquire sound knowledge and skills to keep children safe, and to interact with child victims respectfully and effectively. Training modules should be cross-cultural, gender- and child-sensitive, and accompanied by codes of conduct and specialized expertise among criminal justice professionals (see para. 28).
- Body
- Special Representative of the Secretary-General on violence against children
- Document type
- SRSG report
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
SRSG on violence against children: Annual report 2012, para. 34
- Paragraph text
- The findings of the Tanzanian survey have paved the way to an implementation phase, initiated with the Government's launch of a coordinated response to address the concerns revealed by the survey. Important efforts are being made to raise awareness and mobilize public support to overcome social acceptance of this phenomenon and social pressure inhibiting child victims from reporting.
- Body
- Special Representative of the Secretary-General on violence against children
- Document type
- SRSG report
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
SRSG on children and armed conflict: Annual report 2012, para. 32
- Paragraph text
- [Reparations for children and the restoration of children’s rights]: Any reparations process should consist of a combination of reparative measures, including individual, collective and community-based initiatives. The range of reparations spans from material (such as cash payments, access to education and health care, and skills training) to symbolic (such as public acknowledgements and memorials). For various reasons, lump-sum payments may not be the ideal form of reparations. Violations of children’s rights most often lead to lost opportunities, such as loss of schooling, family and livelihood. Accordingly, other reparation benefits, such as education programmes, physical rehabilitation, skills training and the provision of psychosocial support may be more restorative alternatives. In addition, community-based reparations, with a focus on reconciliation, may help to reduce tensions within and across communities. In this context, a project-based approach, involving communities in livelihood and infrastructure initiatives, may be a useful option, but should avoid overlap with regular development programmes.
- Body
- Special Representative of the Secretary-General for children and armed conflict
- Document type
- SRSG report
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Sexual exploitation of children in travel and tourism 2013, para. 99b
- Paragraph text
- [Sustainable and adapted training (intervention levels) and training of trainers for a common understanding and harmonization of practices should be established:] Law enforcement officers must be provided with the necessary technical equipment and have the required skills, including how to deal with child sex offenders, evidence collection, use of video testimonies. etc.;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2013
Paragraph
Sexual exploitation of children in travel and tourism 2013, para. 68
- Paragraph text
- The Child Sex Tourism Prevention Project, launched in 2004, included an awareness-raising campaign in the United States and in some of the most significant countries of destination for United States citizens (Cambodia, Thailand, Costa Rica, Mexico and Brazil). High-visibility publicity materials were strategically placed. The broadcaster CNN aired anti-child sex messages in 39 of the most frequented airports in the United States and for over 20 months in-flight videos on this topic were shown on United Airlines flights to Asia and Latin America. World Vision also led a number of workshops to combat child sex tourism in Cambodia, Thailand and Costa Rica. Other efforts implemented included working with Yahoo and MSN to place banners and pop-up ads on the Internet, making it more difficult to access websites designed to promote children for sex.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2013
Paragraph
Sexual exploitation of children in travel and tourism 2013, para. 42
- Paragraph text
- By ratifying the Optional Protocol on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography, 161 States have strengthened this commitment. Sex tourism involving children is directly linked to the offences covered by the Optional Protocol, since it involves child prostitution and child pornography and may also involve the sale of children. Sex tourism involving children is specifically mentioned in the preamble and in article 10 of the Optional Protocol.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2013
Paragraph
Sale of children for the purpose of forced labour 2016, para. 86
- Paragraph text
- There have been initiatives aimed at filling the inspection gap by offering a social label on the production of goods. For instance, the GoodWeave certification ensures that rugs are made without child labour, forced labour or bonded labour. By joining the programme, rug exporters and importers issue an assurance that no child labour was used in the making of a rug and accept unannounced visits by GoodWeave inspectors.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2016
Paragraph
Sale of children for the purpose of forced labour 2016, para. 45
- Paragraph text
- Children are often transferred from one country to another and find themselves in an unknown setting, with an uncertain legal status, which binds them to their employer. They may be traded from club to club and forced to train intensively, under the threat of finding themselves undocumented, having their dreams crushed and with no resources.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2016
Paragraph
SAARC Convention on Regional Arrangements for the Promotion of Child Welfare in South Asia 2002, para. 3b
- Paragraph text
- States Parties shall ensure that appropriate legal and administrative mechanisms and social safety nets and defenses are always in place to: (b) Discourage entry of children into hazardous and harmful labour and ensure implementation of the Ninth SAARC Summit decision to eliminate the evil of child labour from the SAARC region. In doing so, States Parties shall adopt a multi-pronged strategy including the provision of opportunities at the primary level and supportive social safety nets for families that tend to provide child labourers.
- Body
- South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation
- Document type
- Regional treaty
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Year
- 2002
Paragraph
Reflection on a 6-year tenure as Special Rapporteur on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography 2014, para. 91
- Paragraph text
- The 2013 ILO World Report on Child Labour also concentrates on economic vulnerability and the role of social protection in addressing child labour. The report concludes that social protection alone is not sufficient to prevent and address child labour. Complementary measures, particularly those related to health and schooling, are needed for effective protection.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Protection of children from sale and sexual exploitation following humanitarian crisis due to natural disasters 2012, para. 126
- Paragraph text
- Early identification and intervention is essential to increasing the chances for reunification. Priority should be given to locating the families of unaccompanied and very young children.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Pathways to, conditions and consequences of incarceration for women 2013, para. 76
- Paragraph text
- Preparing children who have remained with their mothers in prison for integration back into society is a crucial step towards their ability to adjust to life outside, particularly for those who were born in prison or have no memory of life before prison. One report on India states that Many children born in prison have never experienced normal family life up to the age of four-five years. The socialization pattern of children gets severely affected due to their stay in prison. Their only image of a male authority figure is that of the police and prison officials. They are unaware of the concept of a "home". Boys sometimes talk in the female gender, having grown up only among women in the female ward. Sights like animals on roads frighten these children because of lack of exposure to the outside world.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Person(s) affected
- Boys
- Children
- Girls
- Year
- 2013
Paragraph
Manifestations and causes of domestic servitude 2010, para. 22
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur is particularly concerned about the high number of children in domestic work (see section 2c). Children are often sought for domestic work as they are seen as cheaper, less demanding and easier to control than adults. There are large numbers of child domestic workers in all continents, with the highest number probably residing in Asia. For example, ILO reports that 175,000 children under 18 are employed in domestic service in Central America, more than 688,000 in Indonesia, 53,942 children under 15 in South Africa and 38,000 children between 5 and 7 in Guatemala. Girls constitute the vast majority of child domestic workers (90 per cent according to some estimates). According to ILO, more girls under 16 years are in domestic service than in any other category of child labour.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Girls
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph