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Access and participation of women and girls in education, training and science and technology, including for the promotion of women's equal access to full employment and decent work 2011, para. 22jj
- Paragraph text
- [The Commission urges Governments, at all levels [...] to take the following actions, as appropriate:] [Supporting the transition from education to full employment and decent work]: Implement gender-sensitive policies and programmes for women migrant workers and provide safe and legal channels that recognize their skills and education and fair labour conditions, facilitate their productive employment and decent work and integration into the labour force, including, inter alia, in the fields of education and science and technology, and ensure that all women, including care workers, are legally protected against violence and exploitation;
- Body
- Commission on the Status of Women
- Document type
- CSW Agreed Conclusions / Declaration
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Gender
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Achieving durable solutions for internally displaced persons in urban settings 2014, para. 34
- Paragraph text
- Internally displaced persons in informal urban settlements typically reside in makeshift shelters, where they are barely protected from intruders and are exposed to the risk of sexual and gender-based violence. Urban displacement leads to changes in gender relations, thereby increasing risks of domestic violence, sexual and gender-based violence, survival sex, exploitation and forced labour. Access to protection and assistance for internally displaced women is vital.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Gender
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Agenda setting of the work of the Special Rapporteur 2015, para. 12
- Paragraph text
- In fact trafficked persons, like other categories of persons in a migration process, are initially persons pushed into a search for a better life to flee a range of issues, such as poverty, armed conflict, humanitarian crises, torture or other human rights violations, including domestic violence and gender-related persecution. Social and economic vulnerabilities, linguistic isolation, irregular residence status and States' persistent failure to recognize and protect the human rights of vulnerable and/or undocumented migrants contribute to exploitative activities that occur as a result of trafficking in places of origin, transit and destination (A/HRC/26/37/Add.2, para. 46). This is particularly prevalent in some sectors in countries of destination that have a rapidly growing demand for low-cost, low-skilled migrant labour, and that are thus prone to labour exploitation.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
Annual Report of the WG on Discrimination against Women in Law and in Practice 2012, para. 21
- Paragraph text
- In view of the broad thematic scope of its mandate, covering discrimination against women in law and in practice, the Working Group has identified four thematic areas of focus, namely, political and public life; economic and social life; family and cultural life; and health and safety. The Working Group regards violence against women and the intersection of various grounds of discrimination as cross-cutting in all of its work. It is paying particular attention to specific groups of women, including but not limited to women living in poverty, migrant women, women with disabilities, women belonging to minorities, rural and indigenous women, older women, girls, including adolescents, women in conflict and post-conflict situations, refugee women, internally displaced women and stateless women.
- Body
- Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Girls
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Challenges faced by groups most at risk when exercising or seeking to exercise the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and/or of association 2014, para. 65
- Paragraph text
- The lived experiences of members of groups most at risk may be problematic even where legislation promotes equality and non-discrimination, due to practices that threaten and impede the enjoyment of the right to freedom of association. Such practices can lead to the marginalization of groups already disadvantaged in their exercise of the right to freedom of association. The conditions of work for migrant domestic workers, for example, are often characterized by isolation and dependence. This is reinforced by unfamiliarity with the work environment of the host country and a lack of basic support structures, which then encourage bad practices by employers, such as restricting the freedom to leave the workplace. Women migrant workers face gender-based violence and abuse, and migrant domestic workers in irregular situations are further at risk of deportation. They are therefore even less likely to speak out against exploitation and abuse. In these circumstances, migrant workers are faced with considerable obstacles in their efforts to form associations that cater for their interests. Refugees and asylum seekers find themselves in a similar situation where the fear of their status being revoked has a chilling effect on their ability to mobilize.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Climate change and internal displacement 2011, para. 75
- Paragraph text
- In many instances, internally displaced persons may live in compact settlements or camps, which present a number of further concerns, including concerns for personal safety, and in particular sexual and gender-based violence; the pull factor related to the provision of assistance in the camps; and the fact that camps may sustain a humanitarian assistance situation for too long at the expense of early recovery and durable solutions. As levels of displacement rise in the context of climate change, the urgency of finding long-lasting solutions for affected populations and avoiding the precariousness, marginalization and instability associated with situations of protracted displacement, will become a national, and potentially regional, security imperative.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Climate change and internal displacement 2011, para. 83
- Paragraph text
- The Cancun Adaptation Framework recognizes the need to support adaptation measures which are "country driven, gender sensitive, participatory and fully transparent […] taking into consideration vulnerable groups [and] communities" (FCCC/CP/2010/7/Add.1, decision 1/CP.16, para. 12). It further recognizes the need for measures to enhance understanding and cooperation with regard to climate change-induced displacement and planned relocation and the need to undertake impact vulnerability and adaptation assessments, including on the social and economic consequences of climate change adaptation options and response measures (paras. 14 (b) and (f) and preamble to section III.E). While complementary, the Guiding Principles and the Framework for Durable Solutions provide more specific and detailed guidance on standards related to participatory and procedural rights of internally displaced persons.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Compendium of good practices in the elimination of discrimination against women 2017, para. 86
- Paragraph text
- The Constitutional Court used its power to assess implementation of its own judgment, issuing two further orders on the rights of displaced women. In 2008, the Court handed down a decision that was considered a global pioneer in the treatment of sexual violence during internal armed conflict. It identified 10 risks that forcibly displaced women faced, including extreme risk of sexual violence, and 18 gender facets of displacement, including patterns of discrimination and violence. Accordingly, the Court ordered the Government to create and implement 13 programmes with a gender-sensitive approach, including violence prevention, the right to health and education and access to land, justice and reparations. The Court also took an intersectoral approach, highlighting heightened risks faced by girls, indigenous, black and community women leaders, and women with disabilities. The Court ordered the allocation of sufficient resources to guarantee implementation of the programmes, refusing to recognize lack of budget as valid justification for non-compliance.
- Body
- Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Ethnic minorities
- Girls
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2017
Paragraph
Compendium of good practices in the elimination of discrimination against women 2017, para. 87
- Paragraph text
- In 2015, the Court issued an order declaring the persistence of failures in the assistance, protection and access to justice for women victims of sexual violence. That decision consolidated the constitutional framework to address the gendered impact of armed conflict on the forced displacement of women in the country. That protection framework — effectively transforming a government response to forced displacement using a gender perspective — is a pioneering example globally. That extraordinary achievement was partly due to the longstanding efforts by Latin American women’s movements to strengthen the capacities of the constitutional courts in the field of women’s rights.
- Body
- Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2017
Paragraph
Conclusion On Children At Risk 2007, para. (g) viii
- Paragraph text
- [Recommends that States, UNHCR and other relevant agencies and partners work in close collaboration to prevent children from being put at heightened risk, and respond, as necessary, through the general prevention, response and solution measures listed non-exhaustively below:] Develop child and gender-sensitive national asylum procedures, where feasible, and UNHCR status determination procedures with adapted procedures including relevant evidentiary requirements, prioritized processing of unaccompanied and separated child asylum-seekers, qualified free legal or other representation for unaccompanied and separated children, and consider an age and gender- sensitive application of the 1951 Convention through the recognition of child-specific manifestations and forms of persecution, including under-age recruitment, child trafficking and female genital mutilation;
- Body
- Executive Committee of the Programme of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
- Document type
- ExCom Conclusion
- Topic(s)
- Gender
- Harmful Practices
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2007
Paragraph
Conclusion On Children At Risk 2007, para. (h) xiv
- Paragraph text
- [Further recommends that States, UNHCR and other relevant agencies and partners undertake the following non-exhaustive prevention, response and solution measures in order to address specific wider environmental or individual risks factors:] Facilitate the provision of child-friendly information on the conditions in places of return to enable refugee and internally displaced children, in particular those unaccompanied and separated and others at heightened risk, to participate in decision-making on their return; promote respect for protection of children's inheritance rights; and provide, where possible and appropriate, child- and gender- sensitive/adapted reintegration support on integration and participation in the communities to which they are returning, targeting and recognizing the specific needs of the returning child;
- Body
- Executive Committee of the Programme of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
- Document type
- ExCom Conclusion
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Gender
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2007
Paragraph
Conclusion On International Protection 1998, para. (j)
- Paragraph text
- Deplores gender-related violence and all forms of discrimination on grounds of sex directed against refugee and displaced women and girls, and calls on States to ensure that their human rights and physical and psychological integrity are protected, and that they are made aware of these rights;
- Body
- Executive Committee of the Programme of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
- Document type
- ExCom Conclusion
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Girls
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 1998
Paragraph
Conclusion On Local Integration 2005, para. (o)
- Paragraph text
- Emphasizes that age and gender sensitive approaches, and attention to participatory and community development processes should permeate all activities aimed at enhancing the capacities of refugees to integrate locally, recognizing changes in gender roles following displacement and the need for different strategies and support to boost the integration capacity of various groups with special needs, such as refugee women, refugee children and older refugees;
- Body
- Executive Committee of the Programme of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
- Document type
- ExCom Conclusion
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Older persons
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2005
Paragraph
Conclusion on Protracted Refugee Situations 2009, para. (k)
- Paragraph text
- Recognizes that protracted refugee situations can increase the risks to which refugees may be exposed and that, in this respect, there is a need to identify and respond effectively to the specific protection concerns of men, women, girls and boys, in particular, unaccompanied and separated children, adolescents, persons with disabilities, and older persons, who may be exposed to heightened risks, including sexual and gender-based violence and other forms of violence and exploitation; and encourages UNHCR and States to pursue age, gender and diversity mainstreaming and participatory approaches with a view to enhancing the safety, well-being and development of refugees and promoting appropriate solutions for them;
- Body
- Executive Committee of the Programme of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
- Document type
- ExCom Conclusion
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Boys
- Children
- Girls
- Men
- Older persons
- Persons on the move
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Year
- 2009
Paragraph
Conclusion On Women And Girls At Risk 2006, para. (k) ii
- Paragraph text
- [The empowerment of displaced women and girls is to be enhanced including by partnerships and actions to:] strengthen women's and girls' capacities, including by enabling their access to quality education, including secondary education, in safe school environments and by enhancing food security, livelihood opportunities, freedom of movement and economic independence, including where appropriate through access to labour markets; and
- Body
- Executive Committee of the Programme of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
- Document type
- ExCom Conclusion
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Gender
- Person(s) affected
- Girls
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2006
Paragraph
Conclusion On Women And Girls At Risk 2006, para. (k) iii
- Paragraph text
- [The empowerment of displaced women and girls is to be enhanced including by partnerships and actions to:] work with the displaced community, including men and boys, to rebuild family and community support systems undermined by conflict and flight and to raise awareness of the rights of women and girls and understanding of gender roles.
- Body
- Executive Committee of the Programme of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
- Document type
- ExCom Conclusion
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Boys
- Girls
- Men
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2006
Paragraph
Conclusion On Women And Girls At Risk 2006, para. (n) iv
- Paragraph text
- [Ensuring early identification and immediate response involves partnerships and actions to:] ensure that refugee status determination procedures provide female asylum-seekers with effective access to gender-sensitive procedures and recognize that gender-related forms of persecution in the context of Article 1A (2) of the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees may constitute grounds for refugee status.
- Body
- Executive Committee of the Programme of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
- Document type
- ExCom Conclusion
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Girls
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2006
Paragraph
Continuum of violence against women from the home to the transnational sphere: the challenges of effective redress 2011, para. 39
- Paragraph text
- Violence perpetrated or condoned by the State may include gender-based violence during conflict, custodial violence, violence against refugees and internally displaced persons as well as against women from indigenous and minority groups.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Gender
- Humanitarian
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Ethnic minorities
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Continuum of violence against women from the home to the transnational sphere: the challenges of effective redress 2011, para. 77
- Paragraph text
- Nevertheless, these measures will not bring about substantive results if not implemented within a holistic approach that targets both societal transformation and the empowerment of women. This mandate has stressed that linkages should be made between violence and other systems of oppression prevalent within societies, in order to tackle the structural causes of violence against women. In order for women to be able to progressively realize the full range of their human rights (civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights), States should promote and support their empowerment through education, skills training, legal literacy and access to productive resources. This will enhance women's self-awareness, self-esteem, self-confidence and self-reliance. Existing social and economic power systems and structures, at the institutional and individual levels, reinforce gender inequalities that make women more vulnerable to violence, in particular women living in poverty, migrant women, indigenous women, and young or elderly women. The economic empowerment of women through preventative factors, such as property and land rights for women, adequate housing, economic independence, or secondary education, may serve as a deterrent to such violence. Women that are empowered understand that they are not destined to subordination and violence. They resist internalizing oppression, they develop their capabilities as autonomous beings and they increasingly question and negotiate the terms of their existence in both public and private spheres.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Gender
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Ethnic minorities
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Core obligations of States parties under article 2 2010, para. 3
- Paragraph text
- The Convention is part of a comprehensive international human rights legal framework directed at ensuring the enjoyment by all of all human rights and at eliminating all forms of discrimination against women on the basis of sex and gender. The Charter of the United Nations, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the Convention on the Rights of the Child, the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families and the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities contain explicit provisions guaranteeing women equality with men in the enjoyment of the rights they enshrine, while other international human rights treaties, such as the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, are implicitly grounded in the concept of non-discrimination on the basis of sex and gender. The International Labour Organization (ILO) Conventions No. 100 (1951) concerning Equal Remuneration for Men and Women Workers for Work of Equal Value, No. 111 (1958) concerning Discrimination in Respect of Employment and Occupation and No. 156 (1981) concerning Equal Opportunities and Equal Treatment for Men and Women Workers: Workers with Family Responsibilities, the Convention against Discrimination in Education, the Declaration on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women, the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action, the Cairo Programme of Action and the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action also contribute to an international legal regime of equality for women with men and non-discrimination. Likewise, the obligations of States entered into under regional human rights systems are complementary to the universal human rights framework.
- Body
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Person(s) affected
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Council of Europe Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence 2011, para. 1
- Paragraph text
- 1 Parties shall take the necessary legislative or other measures to ensure that gender- based violence against women may be recognised as a form of persecution within the meaning of Article 1, A (2), of the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and as a form of serious harm giving rise to complementary/subsidiary protection.
- Body
- Council of Europe
- Document type
- Regional treaty
- Topic(s)
- Gender
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Council of Europe Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence 2011, para. 2
- Paragraph text
- 2 Parties shall ensure that a gender-sensitive interpretation is given to each of the Convention grounds and that where it is established that the persecution feared is for one or more of these grounds, applicants shall be granted refugee status according to the applicable relevant instruments.
- Body
- Council of Europe
- Document type
- Regional treaty
- Topic(s)
- Gender
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Council of Europe Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence 2011, para. 3
- Paragraph text
- 3 Parties shall take the necessary legislative or other measures to develop gender- sensitive reception procedures and support services for asylum-seekers as well as gender guidelines and gender-sensitive asylum procedures, including refugee status determination and application for international protection.
- Body
- Council of Europe
- Document type
- Regional treaty
- Topic(s)
- Gender
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Developing the Global Compact on Migration 2016, para. 46d
- Paragraph text
- [Human rights must be a cross-cutting issue that informs all discussions at the High-level Dialogue, and, as outlined in the 2013 report of the Special Rapporteur (see A/68/283), States should consider raising issues such as:] The fight against xenophobia, discrimination and violence against migrants, in acts and speech;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2016
Paragraph
Developing the Global Compact on Migration 2016, para. 106
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur also takes note of the principles and practical guidance on the human rights protection of migrants in precarious situations within large and/or mixed movements established by the Global Migration Group's working group on human rights and gender equality, in partnership with agencies of the United Nations system, civil society, academia and States, which are intended to address human rights protection gaps for migrants. The guidance could form an important part of the global compact, as it is derived from existing obligations under international law and seeks to assist States and other stakeholders with regard to the development, strengthening, implementation and monitoring of measures to protect migrants in vulnerable situations and in large and/or mixed movements. As demonstrated herein, the Special Rapporteur has contributed to this effort, and believes in the importance of such a consultative process and guidance to assist States and other stakeholders in the implementation of their human rights obligations in devising rights-based responses to large-scale, irregular and precarious movements.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2016
Paragraph
Developing the Global Compact on Migration 2016, para. 119
- Paragraph text
- Furthermore, the integration of IOM into the United Nations system must include a deepening of the cooperation between IOM and all other relevant United Nations entities and agencies working on migration, in particular those that have a defined protection mandate, such as OHCHR, UNHCR, ILO, the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), the United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women (UN-Women), the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF). IOM must also develop very clear mechanisms for collaboration and coordination with civil society.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2016
Paragraph
Diversity in humanity, humanity in diversity 2017, para. 40
- Paragraph text
- As an example, the multiple, intersecting and aggravated forms of violence and discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity are clearly visible in the refugee and migration context, especially where a person has to flee dangers or persecution. As the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) observes: Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex (LGBTI) persons of concern can suffer a wide range of discrimination and violence because of their sexual orientation or gender identity. Displaced LGBTI persons may face continued or additional discrimination in the country in which they seek asylum or as internally displaced within their country of origin. Persecution may be legally condoned (some countries continue to criminalize same-sex relationships) and in many cases LGBTI persons are ostracized by communities and rejected by their families.
- Body
- Independent Expert on protection against violence and discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- LGBTQI+
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2017
Paragraph
Education and training of women 1997, para. 1
- Paragraph text
- There is wide consensus that education and training for girls and women, in particular, provides high social and economic returns and is a precondition for the empowerment of women. Education should be aimed at raising and promoting awareness of the rights of women as human rights. Governments, national, regional and international bodies, bilateral and multilateral donors and civil society, including non-governmental organizations, should continue to make special efforts to reduce the female illiteracy rate to at least half its 1990 level, with emphasis on rural, migrant and refugee women, internally displaced women and women with disabilities, in keeping with the Beijing Platform for Action.
- Body
- Commission on the Status of Women
- Document type
- CSW Agreed Conclusions / Declaration
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Gender
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Girls
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 1997
Paragraph
Eliminating discrimination against women in cultural and family life, with a focus on the family as a cultural space 2015, para. 73a (iv)
- Paragraph text
- [The Working Group recommends that States:] Establish a national legal framework recognizing gender equality in cultural and family life, in accordance with regional and international standards: (iv) Develop effective mechanisms to combat the multiple and intersecting forms of discrimination suffered by all marginalized women, including minority women, women living in poverty, women with disabilities, refugee and displaced women, migrant and immigrant women, rural women, indigenous women, older women and single women;
- Body
- Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Person(s) affected
- Ethnic minorities
- Persons on the move
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
Eliminating discrimination against women in economic and social life with a focus on economic crisis 2014, para. 50
- Paragraph text
- Women in the informal economy have, furthermore, been deeply affected by economic crisis. There is an "added worker" effect, whereby women enter the labour force to provide additional income security to the household, often forcing them into precarious work, migrant labour overseas or exposing them to trafficking. According to Women in Informal Employment: Globalizing and Organizing, nearly 40 per cent of street vendors interviewed in developing countries in 2009 had experienced an overall deterioration of employment and income levels, and 84 per cent of own-account home-based workers reported reduced monthly incomes.
- Body
- Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Gender
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph