Astuces de recherche
Right to health and criminalization of same-sex conduct and sexual orientation, sex-work and HIV transmission 2010, para. 37
- Paragraph text
- The use of punitive measures against sex workers, such as antisocial behaviour orders in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, has undermined effective health promotion activities. Raids, cautions and arrests generally result in a shift of the sex worker population, often towards unsafe areas, putting sex workers at higher risk. Criminalization has also been noted to diminish the "bargaining power" of sex workers in choosing clients and negotiating condom use.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Health
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2010
- Date modified
- Sep 22, 2021
Paragraph
Council of Europe Convention on Action against Trafficking in Human Beings 2005, para. 1b
- Paragraph text
- 1. Each Party shall adopt such legislative or other measures as may be necessary to provide effective and appropriate protection from potential retaliation or intimidation in particular during and after investigation and prosecution of perpetrators, for: b. As appropriate, those who report the criminal offences established in accordance with Article 18 of this Convention or otherwise co-operate with the investigating or prosecuting authorities;
- Body
- Council of Europe
- Document type
- Regional treaty
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2005
- Date modified
- Mar 10, 2020
Paragraph
Council of Europe Convention on Action against Trafficking in Human Beings 2005, para. 4
- Paragraph text
- 4. Each Party shall adopt such legislative or other measures as may be necessary to provide, when necessary, appropriate protection from potential retaliation or intimidation in particular during and after investigation and prosecution of perpetrators, for members of groups, foundations, associations or non-governmental organisations which carry out the activities set out in Article 27, paragraph 3.
- Body
- Council of Europe
- Document type
- Regional treaty
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2005
- Date modified
- Mar 10, 2020
Paragraph
Council of Europe Convention on Action against Trafficking in Human Beings 2005, para. undefined
- Paragraph text
- The Parties shall co-operate with each other, in accordance with the provisions of this Convention, and through application of relevant applicable international and regional instruments, arrangements agreed on the basis of uniform or reciprocal legislation and internal laws, to the widest extent possible, for the purpose of: – preventing and combating trafficking in human beings; – protecting and providing assistance to victims; – investigations or proceedings concerning criminal offences established in accordance with this Convention.
- Body
- Council of Europe
- Document type
- Regional treaty
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2005
- Date modified
- Mar 10, 2020
Paragraph
Council of Europe Convention on Action against Trafficking in Human Beings 2005, para. 1
- Paragraph text
- 1. Each Party shall provide in its internal law a recovery and reflection period of at least 30 days, when there are reasonable grounds to believe that the person concerned is a victim. Such a period shall be sufficient for the person concerned to recover and escape the influence of traffickers and/or to take an informed decision on cooperating with the competent authorities. During this period it shall not be possible to enforce any expulsion order against him or her. This provision is without prejudice to the activities carried out by the competent authorities in all phases of the relevant national proceedings, and in particular when investigating and prosecuting the offences concerned. During this period, the Parties shall authorise the persons concerned to stay in their territory.
- Body
- Council of Europe
- Document type
- Regional treaty
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2005
- Date modified
- Mar 10, 2020
Paragraph
Council of Europe Convention on Action against Trafficking in Human Beings 2005, para. 2
- Paragraph text
- 2. Each Party shall ensure that victims of an offence in the territory of a Party other than the one where they reside may make a complaint before the competent authorities of their State of residence. The competent authority to which the complaint is made, insofar as it does not itself have competence in this respect, shall transmit it without delay to the competent authority of the Party in the territory in which the offence was committed. The complaint shall be dealt with in accordance with the internal law of the Party in which the offence was committed.
- Body
- Council of Europe
- Document type
- Regional treaty
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- All
- N.A.
- Year
- 2005
- Date modified
- Mar 10, 2020
Paragraph
Council of Europe Convention on Action against Trafficking in Human Beings 2005, para. a
- Paragraph text
- For the purposes of this Convention: a. "Trafficking in human beings" shall mean the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring or receipt of persons, by means of the threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, of abduction, of fraud, of deception, of the abuse of power or of a position of vulnerability or of the giving or receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control over another person, for the purpose of exploitation. Exploitation shall include, at a minimum, the exploitation of the prostitution of others or other forms of sexual exploitation, forced labour or services, slavery or practices similar to slavery, servitude or the removal of organs;
- Body
- Council of Europe
- Document type
- Regional treaty
- Topic(s)
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2005
- Date modified
- Mar 10, 2020
Paragraph
Council of Europe Convention on Action against Trafficking in Human Beings 2005, para. j
- Paragraph text
- Bearing in mind the European Union Council Framework Decision of 19 July 2002 on combating trafficking in human beings the European Union Council Framework Decision of 15 March 2001 on the standing of victims in criminal proceedings and the European Union Council Directive of 29 April 2004 on the residence permit issued to third-country nationals who are victims of trafficking in human beings or who have been the subject of an action to facilitate illegal immigration, who cooperate with the competent authorities;
- Body
- Council of Europe
- Document type
- Regional treaty
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2005
- Date modified
- Mar 10, 2020
Paragraph
Council of Europe Convention on Action against Trafficking in Human Beings 2005, para. undefined
- Paragraph text
- Have agreed as follows:
- Body
- Council of Europe
- Document type
- Regional treaty
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- All
- N.A.
- Year
- 2005
- Date modified
- Mar 10, 2020
Paragraph
Council of Europe Convention on Action against Trafficking in Human Beings 2005, para. 3
- Paragraph text
- 3. Each Party shall ensure, by means of legislative or other measures, in accordance with the conditions provided for by its internal law, to any group, foundation, association or non-governmental organisations which aims at fighting trafficking in human beings or protection of human rights, the possibility to assist and/or support the victim with his or her consent during criminal proceedings concerning the offence established in accordance with Article 18 of this Convention.
- Body
- Council of Europe
- Document type
- Regional treaty
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2005
- Date modified
- Mar 10, 2020
Paragraph
Council of Europe Convention on Action against Trafficking in Human Beings 2005, para. c
- Paragraph text
- Considering that trafficking in human beings may result in slavery for victims;
- Body
- Council of Europe
- Document type
- Regional treaty
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2005
- Date modified
- Mar 10, 2020
Paragraph
Convention (IV) relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War 1949, para. undefined
- Paragraph text
- Art. 32. The High Contracting Parties specifically agree that each of them is prohibited from taking any measure of such a character as to cause the physical suffering or extermination of protected persons in their hands. This prohibition applies not only to murder, torture, corporal punishments, mutilation and medical or scientific experiments not necessitated by the medical treatment of a protected person, but also to any other measures of brutality whether applied by civilian or military agents.
- Body
- International Committee of the Red Cross
- Document type
- International treaty
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Harmful Practices
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 1949
- Date modified
- Mar 10, 2020
Paragraph
Extra-custodial use of force and the prohibition of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, para. 16
- Paragraph text
- It should be noted that the above-mentioned principles govern the use of force, not only in extra-custodial settings, but also where riots, unrest or other violent incidents occur within places of detention. 20 Depending on the circumstances, they may also be relevant in determining the permissibility of invasive health and security procedures, such as the taking of bodily samples or a strip search. 21 In their relations with persons deprived of their liberty, law enforcement officials may not use force, except when strictly necessary for the maintenance of security and order within the institution or when personal safety is threatened, and they may not use firearms, except in self-defence or in the defence of others against the immediate threat of death or serious injury or when strictly necessary to prevent the escape of an inmate presenting a threat of death or serious injury.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2017
- Date modified
- Feb 14, 2020
Paragraph
Extra-custodial use of force and the prohibition of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, para. 11
- Paragraph text
- A proportionality assessment must always be made in the light of the circumstances of each case. As a general rule, potentially lethal force must not be used except where strictly necessary to: (a) defend any person against the imminent threat of death or serious injury; (b) prevent the perpetration o f a particularly serious crime involving grave threat to life; or (c) arrest a person presenting such a danger or prevent their escape. Intentionally lethal force may only be used when strictly unavoidable in order to protect life from an unlawful attack. 15 For example, even the aim of lawful arrest cannot justify the use of firearms to stop a thief or pickpocket not otherwise posing a threat to life and limb. In such cases, considerations of proportionality require that the risk of the suspect escaping arre st is to be preferred over the risk of causing the suspect’s death or serious injury. Other factors that may be relevant in evaluating the degree of force that is proportionate include the individual’s behaviour, age, gender and health.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2017
- Date modified
- Feb 14, 2020
Paragraph
Agenda setting of the work of the Special Rapporteur 2015, para. 63
- Paragraph text
- Additionally, the Special Rapporteur envisages building upon the work of the mandate in the area of protection of the rights of victims of trafficking and access to justice. In that regard, she intends to further follow up on the basic principles on the right to an effective remedy for trafficked persons, which provide for remedies for victims of trafficking, including restitution, rehabilitation, compensation, satisfaction and guarantees of non-repetition, and call on States to ensure that access to those measures shall not depend on the victim's capacity or willingness to cooperate in legal proceedings. When looking into remaining gaps in the conceptualization of the right to an effective remedy and the operationalization of the basic principles at the national level, the Special Rapporteur expects to further delve into issues such as the possible types of trafficking exploitation covered by the principles, what the barriers to access to remedy are, whether the nature of the State responsibility affects the content of the reparation, the available forms of reparation, the accessibility of compensation funds to victims and the conditions for the protection of victims' rights in out of court settlements .
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2015
- Date modified
- Feb 14, 2020
Paragraph
Protection from Sexual Abuse and Exploitation 2003, para. 2
- Paragraph text
- Recalling the international community's efforts to strengthen the international legal framework for combating sexual abuse and exploitation;
- Body
- Executive Committee of the Programme of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
- Document type
- ExCom Conclusion
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2003
- Date modified
- Feb 14, 2020
Paragraph
SRSG on violence against children: Annual report 2013, para. 79
- Paragraph text
- As the Study recognizes, progress in violence prevention and elimination is strongly dependent on the effectiveness of efforts designed to strengthen a widely shared culture of non-violence and overcome the social acceptance of violence.
- Body
- Special Representative of the Secretary-General on violence against children
- Document type
- SRSG report
- Topic(s)
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2013
- Date modified
- Feb 14, 2020
Paragraph
Extra-custodial use of force and the prohibition of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment 2017, para. 11
- Paragraph text
- A proportionality assessment must always be made in the light of the circumstances of each case. As a general rule, potentially lethal force must not be used except where strictly necessary to: (a) defend any person against the imminent threat of death or serious injury; (b) prevent the perpetration of a particularly serious crime involving grave threat to life; or (c) arrest a person presenting such a danger or prevent their escape. Intentionally lethal force may only be used when strictly unavoidable in order to protect life from an unlawful attack. For example, even the aim of lawful arrest cannot justify the use of firearms to stop a thief or pickpocket not otherwise posing a threat to life and limb. In such cases, considerations of proportionality require that the risk of the suspect escaping arrest is to be preferred over the risk of causing the suspect’s death or serious injury. Other factors that may be relevant in evaluating the degree of force that is proportionate include the individual’s behaviour, age, gender and health.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2017
- Date modified
- Feb 14, 2020
Paragraph
Diversity in humanity, humanity in diversity 2017, para. 62
- Paragraph text
- The present report is the first report of the Independent Expert on protection against violence and discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity, and its theme is “diversity in humanity, humanity in diversity”. The phenomenon of violence and discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity is both local and global, requiring strong national and international countermeasures to promote respect for sexual and gender diversity under the umbrella of international human rights law. In recognizing that everyone has some form of sexual orientation and gender identity, there is the regrettable reality that some groups and persons are affected by violence and discrimination, precisely because they are viewed as having a sexual orientation and gender identity that is different from a particular societal norm. This is enmeshed in the political, social, cultural and economic setting of each country, which invites a context-specific analysis and understanding of each scenario. While human rights are inherent to all persons without distinction, the situation facing those groups and persons may vary; it is not necessarily homogeneous.
- Body
- Independent Expert on protection against violence and discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2017
- Date modified
- Feb 14, 2020
Paragraph
SRSG on violence against children: Annual report 2016, para. 80
- Paragraph text
- Although drafted at a time when the challenges associated with violence in cyberspace could hardly be anticipated, the Convention on the Rights of the Child and the Optional Protocols thereto provide a robust framework for addressing the challenges associated with online abuse.
- Body
- Special Representative of the Secretary-General on violence against children
- Document type
- SRSG report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2016
- Date modified
- Feb 14, 2020
Paragraph
SRSG on violence against children: Annual report 2016, para. 60
- Paragraph text
- Cyberbullying may be defined as an aggressive, intentional act carried out by an individual or a group using electronic forms of contact against a victim who cannot easily defend himself or herself. It is typically carried out repeatedly and over time, and is often characterized by an imbalance of power.
- Body
- Special Representative of the Secretary-General on violence against children
- Document type
- SRSG report
- Topic(s)
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2016
- Date modified
- Feb 14, 2020
Paragraph
SRSG on violence against children: Annual report 2016, para. 61
- Paragraph text
- It does not require the physical presence of the victim; indeed, it can be facilitated by anonymity. A single act online can be observed and disseminated by a large number of people, making it very difficult to assess how the victim will experience or re-experience it.
- Body
- Special Representative of the Secretary-General on violence against children
- Document type
- SRSG report
- Topic(s)
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2016
- Date modified
- Feb 14, 2020
Paragraph
SRSG on violence against children: Annual report 2015, para. 73
- Paragraph text
- Beyond the direct damage it causes, armed violence has a psychological and cultural impact. Weapons are involved in forced recruitment into gangs and criminal networks and in kidnapping, abuse and sexual exploitation, torture, forced displacement and other serious human rights violations.
- Body
- Special Representative of the Secretary-General on violence against children
- Document type
- SRSG report
- Topic(s)
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2015
- Date modified
- Feb 14, 2020
Paragraph
SRSG on violence against children: Annual report 2015, para. 89
- Paragraph text
- States need to adopt a wide-ranging and integrated approach to prevent violence and to safeguard the rights and best interests of the child in all decisions, including the design, planning, implementation and evaluation of all legal, political, administrative and budgetary measures.
- Body
- Special Representative of the Secretary-General on violence against children
- Document type
- SRSG report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Children
- Year
- 2015
- Date modified
- Feb 14, 2020
Paragraph
SRSG on violence against children: Annual report 2015, para. 85
- Paragraph text
- To counter the complex and multifaceted phenomenon of armed violence, it is essential to develop a comprehensive agenda where human rights are safeguarded, social inclusion and human development are promoted and people can live free from fear and violence.
- Body
- Special Representative of the Secretary-General on violence against children
- Document type
- SRSG report
- Topic(s)
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2015
- Date modified
- Feb 14, 2020
Paragraph
SRSG on violence against children: Annual report 2014, para. 132
- Paragraph text
- The Special Representative looks forward to pursuing her collaboration with Member States and all other stakeholders in the further strengthening of this agenda and the building of a world free from violence.
- Body
- Special Representative of the Secretary-General on violence against children
- Document type
- SRSG report
- Topic(s)
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2014
- Date modified
- Feb 14, 2020
Paragraph
SRSG on violence against children: Annual report 2014, para. 52
- Paragraph text
- Violence is equally associated with high costs for society. It diverts billions of dollars from social spending, slows economic development and erodes nations' human and social capital. In a matter of hours, violence can destroy development gains that took years to achieve.
- Body
- Special Representative of the Secretary-General on violence against children
- Document type
- SRSG report
- Topic(s)
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2014
- Date modified
- Feb 14, 2020
Paragraph
SRSG on violence against children: Annual report 2014, para. 140
- Paragraph text
- The Special Representative looks forward to pursuing her collaboration with Member States and all other stakeholders in the further strengthening of this crucial agenda and the building of a world free from violence.
- Body
- Special Representative of the Secretary-General on violence against children
- Document type
- SRSG report
- Topic(s)
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- All
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Date modified
- Feb 14, 2020
Paragraph
SRSG on violence against children: Annual report 2013, para. 8
- Paragraph text
- Violence and deprivation are strongly interconnected and pave the way towards high risk of poor health, poor school performance and long-term welfare dependency. But beyond the cost to each individual victim, violence has serious costs for households, communities and national economies.
- Body
- Special Representative of the Secretary-General on violence against children
- Document type
- SRSG report
- Topic(s)
- Poverty
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2013
- Date modified
- Feb 14, 2020
Paragraph
SRSG on violence against children: Annual report 2013, para. 106
- Paragraph text
- Poor rule of law and weak law enforcement performance facilitate the use of small arms, which in turn is associated with higher levels of homicide and organized crime and paves the way to a culture of impunity and increased levels of violence.
- Body
- Special Representative of the Secretary-General on violence against children
- Document type
- SRSG report
- Topic(s)
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2013
- Date modified
- Feb 14, 2020
Paragraph