Search Tips
sorted by
30 shown of 53 entities
Further actions and initiatives to implement the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action 2000, para. 82a
- Paragraph text
- Promote and protect the rights of women workers and take action to remove structural and legal barriers as well as stereotypical attitudes to gender equality at work, addressing, inter alia, gender bias in recruitment; working conditions; occupational segregation and harassment; discrimination in social protection benefits; women's occupational health and safety; unequal career opportunities and inadequate sharing, by men, of family responsibilities;
- Body
- United Nations General Assembly
- Document type
- Declaration / Confererence outcome document
- Means of adoption
- Consensus
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Environment
- Gender
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Families
- Men
- Women
- Year
- 2000
Paragraph
Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population and Development 1994, para. 9.6
- Paragraph text
- Governments wishing to create alternatives to out-migration from rural areas should establish the preconditions for development in rural areas, actively support access to ownership or use of land and access to water resources, especially for family units, make and encourage investments to enhance rural productivity, improve rural infrastructure and social services and facilitate the establishment of credit, production and marketing cooperatives and other grass-roots organizations that give people greater control over resources and improve their livelihoods. Particular attention is needed to ensure that these opportunities are also made available to migrants' families remaining in the areas of origin.
- Body
- International Conference on Population and Development
- Document type
- Declaration / Confererence outcome document
- Means of adoption
- Consensus
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 1994
Paragraph
Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action 1995, para. 47
- Paragraph text
- More than 1 billion people in the world today, the great majority of whom are women, live in unacceptable conditions of poverty, mostly in the developing countries. Poverty has various causes, including structural ones. Poverty is a complex, multidimensional problem, with origins in both the national and international domains. The globalization of the world's economy and the deepening interdependence among nations present challenges and opportunities for sustained economic growth and development, as well as risks and uncertainties for the future of the world economy. The uncertain global economic climate has been accompanied by economic restructuring as well as, in a certain number of countries, persistent, unmanageable levels of external debt and structural adjustment programmes. In addition, all types of conflict, displacement of people and environmental degradation have undermined the capacity of Governments to meet the basic needs of their populations. Transformations in the world economy are profoundly changing the parameters of social development in all countries. One significant trend has been the increased poverty of women, the extent of which varies from region to region. The gender disparities in economic power-sharing are also an important contributing factor to the poverty of women. Migration and consequent changes in family structures have placed additional burdens on women, especially those who provide for several dependants. Macroeconomic policies need rethinking and reformulation to address such trends. These policies focus almost exclusively on the formal sector. They also tend to impede the initiatives of women and fail to consider the differential impact on women and men. The application of gender analysis to a wide range of policies and programmes is therefore critical to poverty reduction strategies. In order to eradicate poverty and achieve sustainable development women and men must participate fully and equally in the formulation of macroeconomic and social policies and strategies for the eradication of poverty. The eradication of poverty cannot be accomplished through anti-poverty programmes alone but will require democratic participation and changes in economic structures in order to ensure access for all women to resources, opportunities and public services. Poverty has various manifestations, including lack of income and productive resources sufficient to ensure a sustainable livelihood; hunger and malnutrition; ill health; limited or lack of access to education and other basic services; increasing morbidity and mortality from illness; homelessness and inadequate housing; unsafe environments; and social discrimination and exclusion. It is also characterized by lack of participation in decision-making and in civil, social and cultural life. It occurs in all countries - as mass poverty in many developing countries and as pockets of poverty amidst wealth in developed countries. Poverty may be caused by an economic recession that results in loss of livelihood or by disaster or conflict. There is also the poverty of low-wage workers and the utter destitution of people who fall outside family support systems, social institutions and safety nets.
- Body
- Fourth World Conference on Women
- Document type
- Declaration / Confererence outcome document
- Means of adoption
- Consensus
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Poverty
- Person(s) affected
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 1995
Paragraph
Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population and Development 1994, para. 4.11
- Paragraph text
- The design of family health and other development interventions should take better account of the demands on women's time from the responsibilities of child-rearing, household work and income-generating activities. Male responsibilities should be emphasized with respect to child-rearing and housework. Greater investments should be made in appropriate measures to lessen the daily burden of domestic responsibilities, the greatest share of which falls on women. Greater attention should be paid to the ways in which environmental degradation and changes in land use adversely affect the allocation of women's time. Women's domestic working environments should not adversely affect their health.
- Body
- International Conference on Population and Development
- Document type
- Declaration / Confererence outcome document
- Means of adoption
- Consensus
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Environment
- Gender
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Women
- Year
- 1994
Paragraph
Access to justice and the right to food: the way forward 2015, para. 19
- Paragraph text
- Judicial protection of land as a source of livelihood can be seen in judgments by the Constitutional Court of Colombia. One such significant case involves the community of Las Pavas, whose members occupied unused land in 1997 and began farming activities to feed themselves. Over the years, the community had been repeatedly subjected to various forms of intimidation and harassment, including attacks by paramilitary groups and the destruction of crops and food. A formal eviction order was issued in 2009 at the request of two private companies, who claimed ownership of the land. In 2011, the Colombian Constitutional Court delivered its judgment, finding that the actions leading to the eviction of the families of Las Pavas were unlawful and violated the right to a dignified existence, among other rights.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Families
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
Integrating a gender perspective in the right to food 2016, para. 75
- Paragraph text
- Oxfam researchers found that adaptation projects aimed at women created under Burkina Faso's National Action Programme for Adaptation (NAPA) sought to diversity the ways that women can generate income to offset income lost by harvests damaged by climate change. In order to rectify these consequences, individuals and organizations need to be better educated on the different vulnerabilities that men and women face in disasters, and local women's organizations need to be consulted in order to understand region-specific contexts. Moreover, such attempts could have ancillary positive effects, as developing credit systems to aid families during times of famine, strengthening women's organizations that promote adaptation measures, and addressing larger issues could prevent gender inequality.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Food & Nutrition
- Gender
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Families
- Men
- Women
- Year
- 2016
Paragraph
Post conflict and post disaster reconstruction and the right to adequate housing 2011, para. 7
- Paragraph text
- The impacts of both conflicts and disasters for the individuals, families and communities affected can be devastating. These include the loss of life and livelihoods; destruction of homes, property and infrastructure; disruption or termination of essential services; and the prolonged and sometimes even permanent forced displacement from land, home and community. Although wealth and power do not offer any immunity from these impacts, it is in most cases the poor and socially disadvantaged who are worst affected; and it is also they who are least able to withstand economic shocks and so generally take the longest to recover.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Movement
- Poverty
- Person(s) affected
- Families
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Environmental human rights defenders 2016, para. 30
- Paragraph text
- The assassination of environmental human rights defenders is only part of the overall violence they face. The submissions received by the Special Rapporteur show that environmental human rights defenders confront numerous threats and violations, including violent attacks and threats to their families, enforced disappearances, illegal surveillance, travel bans, blackmail, sexual harassment, judicial harassment and use of force to dispel peaceful protests. Such violations are committed by State and non-State actors, and take place in the context of the overall stigmatization, demonization and delegitimization of environmental human rights defenders. In some countries, violations are intertwined with the overall climate of criminalization of their work, especially in the context of large-scale development projects (see A/68/262).
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Activists
- Families
- Year
- 2016
Paragraph
Climate change and internal displacement 2011, para. 76
- Paragraph text
- In order to be successful, adaptation measures addressing internal displacement must provide durable solutions strategies in the form of return, local integration or resettlement in another part of the country. However, in the context of climate change, durable solutions are likely to be more complex and less static or one-dimensional. They may combine a number of solutions, including movements which are seasonal or temporary, or solutions which include continuity with the place of origin as well as integration in a different part of the country (for example, part of the family returns to the place of origin permanently or on a seasonal basis, while the breadwinner works in another location). Strategies addressing internal displacement should therefore be sufficiently flexible to include and support various scenarios of human adaptation, and ensure that durable solutions are based on free and informed consent.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Developing the Global Compact on Migration 2016, para. 11
- Paragraph text
- Many migrants move voluntarily in a safe and regular manner and live and work in conditions in which their labour and human rights are respected. In some circumstances, families are reunified. Others are forced to migrate as a result of push factors, including poverty, discrimination, violence, conflict, political upheaval and poor governance, and pull factors, including official or unacknowledged labour needs, as explained above, or for family reunification. Children are disproportionately represented among those forcibly displaced. In the context of natural disasters and climate change, migration is increasingly seen as an adaptation measure ensuring resilience through planned mobility. In the process of migration, many face exploitation, discrimination, abuse and other human rights violations.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Equality & Inclusion
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2016
Paragraph
The implementation of the rights of the child during adolescence 2016, para. 2
- Paragraph text
- Adolescence is a life stage characterized by growing opportunities, capacities, aspirations, energy and creativity, but also significant vulnerability. Adolescents are agents of change and a key asset and resource with the potential to contribute positively to their families, communities and countries. Globally, adolescents engage positively in many spheres, including health and education campaigns, family support, peer education, community development initiatives, participatory budgeting and creative arts, and make contributions towards peace, human rights, environmental sustainability and climate justice. Many adolescents are at the cutting edge of the digital and social media environments, which form an increasingly central role in their education, culture and social networks, and hold potential in terms of political engagement and monitoring accountability.
- Body
- Committee on the Rights of the Child
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Environment
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- Adolescents
- Children
- Families
- Year
- 2016
Paragraph
Impact of climate change on the right to food 2015, para. 77
- Paragraph text
- Brazil's agroecology policies have already experienced success. Approximately 100,000 family farms have adopted agroecological farming practices. These farms have had average yield increases of 100-300 per cent and demonstrated greater resilience to irregular weather patterns. Brazil has also developed programmes that provide access to low-interest credit for family farmers and also offered technical support for 2.3 million families in 2010. It has stimulated agroecological systems by providing technical support for crop diversification techniques and irrigation systems.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Food & Nutrition
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Families
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
Elements of a safe and enabling environment for human rights defenders 2014, para. 98
- Paragraph text
- During her mandate, the Special Rapporteur has extensively focused on integrating a gender perspective throughout her work and has paid particular attention to the specificities of the environment in which women human rights defenders operate. She has addressed the heightened risks and challenges faced by women human rights defenders and those working on women's rights and gender issues; and highlighted the repercussions that such work may have on partners, spouses, and family members of defenders.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Gender
- Person(s) affected
- Activists
- Families
- Women
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Protection of children from sale and sexual exploitation following humanitarian crisis due to natural disasters 2012, para. 82
- Paragraph text
- Prior to and following a natural disaster, awareness-raising campaigns are critical to ensuring that communities, children and their families are aware of the dangers of a natural disaster as well as the violence, abuse and exploitation that children may experience in such a situation. They must consequently be aware of how they can prevent, report and respond to such violations, including through the protective legal framework and related child protective services.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Achieving durable solutions for internally displaced persons in urban settings 2014, para. 52
- Paragraph text
- The United Nations Human Settlements Programme, along with international non-governmental organizations, suggested a plan based on principles of sustainable urbanization, slum prevention and incremental upgrading. Aspects of the intervention included what is termed a "build back better approach" to emergency response from fires, which took fires as an opportunity to introduce firebreaks and mobile shelter kits made of metal poles and fire-retardant canvas to prevent the spread of future fires. The intervention also involved disaster-preparedness programmes. Furthermore, a simple training guide for upgrading temporary settlements, aimed at municipal officials and community leaders, was developed to allow for a swift transfer of the basic skills needed and to empower displaced people to initiate improvements themselves. This intervention halved the number of families affected by fires.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Humanitarian
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Irregular migration and criminalization of migrants, protection of children in the migration process and the right to housing and health of migrants 2011, para. 59
- Paragraph text
- Nevertheless, some countries have established special policies that permit individuals whose countries have experienced natural disasters or other severe upheavals to remain at least temporarily without fear of deportation. The United States of America, for example, enacted legislation in 1990 to provide temporary protected status to persons "who are temporarily unable to safely return to their home country because of ongoing armed conflict, an environmental disaster, or other extraordinary and temporary conditions". New Zealand has a particular category in its resettlement quota for persons displaced environmentally from Pacific island States, called the "Pacific Access Category". Other countries provide exceptions to removal on an ad hoc basis for persons whose countries of origin have experienced significant disruption because of natural disasters. After the 2004 tsunami, several States suspended deportations of nationals from countries affected. Although the Special Rapporteur sees these examples as positive developments, each on an ad hoc case, there are no concrete examples of legislation or policies that address migration of persons from gradual climate changes that may destroy habitats or livelihoods in the future. For the most part, movements resulting from slow-onset climate change and other environmental hazards that limit economic opportunities are treated in the same manner as other economically motivated migration. Persons moving outside of existing labour and family migration categories are considered to be irregular migrants. In the absence of a strong humanitarian ground, exempting them from removal proceedings, these migrants will be subject to the regular systems in place for mandatory return to their home countries.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
The right of the child to protection from corporal punishment and other cruel and degrading forms of punishment 2006, para. 27
- Paragraph text
- The preamble to the Convention upholds the family as "the fundamental group of society and the natural environment for the growth and well-being of all its members and particularly children". The Convention requires States to respect and support families. There is no conflict whatsoever with States' obligation to ensure that the human dignity and physical integrity of children within the family receive full protection alongside other family members.
- Body
- Committee on the Rights of the Child
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Year
- 2006
Paragraph
The aims of education 2001, para. 13
- Paragraph text
- Fifth, it emphasizes the need for education to be designed and provided in such a way that it promotes and reinforces the range of specific ethical values enshrined in the Convention, including education for peace, tolerance, and respect for the natural environment, in an integrated and holistic manner. This may require a multidisciplinary approach. The promotion and reinforcement of the values of article 29 (1) are not only necessary because of problems elsewhere, but must also focus on problems within the child's own community. Education in this regard should take place within the family, but schools and communities must also play an important role. For example, for the development of respect for the natural environment, education must link issues of environment and sustainable development with socio-economic, sociocultural and demographic issues. Similarly, respect for the natural environment should be learnt by children at home, in school and within the community, encompass both national and international problems, and actively involve children in local, regional or global environmental projects.
- Body
- Committee on the Rights of the Child
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Environment
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Year
- 2001
Paragraph
Implementing child rights in early childhood 2006, para. 15
- Paragraph text
- A crucial role for parents and other primary caregivers. Under normal circumstances, a young child's parents play a crucial role in the achievement of their rights, along with other members of family, extended family or community, including legal guardians, as appropriate. This is fully recognized within the Convention (especially article 5), along with the obligation on States parties to provide assistance, including quality childcare services (especially article 18). The preamble to the Convention refers to the family as "the fundamental group of society and the natural environment for the growth and well being of all its members and particularly children". The Committee recognizes that "family" here refers to a variety of arrangements that can provide for young children's care, nurturance and development, including the nuclear family, the extended family, and other traditional and modern community based arrangements, provided these are consistent with children's rights and best interests.
- Body
- Committee on the Rights of the Child
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Year
- 2006
Paragraph
The right of the child to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health 2013, para. 49
- Paragraph text
- States should take measures to address the dangers and risks that local environmental pollution poses to children's health in all settings. Adequate housing that includes non-dangerous cooking facilities, a smoke-free environment, appropriate ventilation, effective management of waste and the disposal of litter from living quarters and the immediate surroundings, the absence of mould and other toxic substances, and family hygiene are core requirements to a healthy upbringing and development. States should regulate and monitor the environmental impact of business activities that may compromise children's right to health, food security and access to safe drinking water and to sanitation.
- Body
- Committee on the Rights of the Child
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Year
- 2013
Paragraph
Climate change and migration 2012, para. 60
- Paragraph text
- It must be acknowledged that many climate-change-induced migrants will fall in-between such categories. Many will be willingly moving, in anticipation of impending climate-change-induced economic disaster, and many will move only when becoming victims of a disastrous environmental event. For others, the compulsion to move will relate to the need to ensure food security or adequate access to basic services, such as water and sanitation, perhaps combined with a desire to reunite with family members abroad. Of those who do, many will move towards other disaster-prone areas. Many more will probably have no migration capability and will remain in disaster-prone areas: States will have to acknowledge that forced migration may encompass a range of situations and may need to recalibrate their rules to provide protection, assistance and migration opportunities for such persons.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Protection of children from sale and sexual exploitation following humanitarian crisis due to natural disasters 2012, para. 25
- Paragraph text
- During the preparation of this report, it became evident that while children are recognized as being among the most vulnerable to the immediate and long-term effects of a natural disaster, it is currently impossible to accurately determine the full extent of their vulnerability. This is primarily due to a stark absence of empirical evidence on the actual impact of natural disasters on children and raw figures detailing the number of children who are killed, traumatized, unaccompanied, separated from their families, orphaned, displaced or disappeared. Only a handful of States have methodically gathered quantitative data on the number of children who have been unaccompanied, separated, orphaned, displaced or disappeared due to a natural disaster, and only seven of those States submitted data in response to the questionnaire.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Protection of children from sale and sexual exploitation following humanitarian crisis due to natural disasters 2012, para. 27
- Paragraph text
- Children's vulnerability to sale and other forms of exploitation is increased in a natural disaster. Some people exploit the chaotic environment that follows a natural disaster to engage in criminal activities, such as selling children for the purposes of illegal adoption, forced labour or sexual exploitation. The situation enables them to circumvent national and international standards and remove children from their communities or the national territory. Furthermore, the collapse or absence of a State system during and after an emergency often results in a protection vacuum for children who may become separated from their families
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Humanitarian
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
The impact of housing finance policies on the right to adequate housing of those living in poverty 2012, para. 42
- Paragraph text
- Subsidized housing developments have been built primarily in the urban periphery where land costs are lowest. In Chile, the majority of housing built through the subsidy scheme between 1978 and 2000 has been concentrated in peripheral locations, lacking enough or adequate infrastructure, schools, health facilities and employment opportunities. Poor public transport and road quality further impairs residents' ability to access services and employment. Subsidy programmes in South Africa, Mexico and Brazil have also been criticized for replacing widespread informal housing with low-standard and stigmatized housing typologies concentrating low-income families. The result is greater urban and social segregation, an increase in the disparity in access to urban services, a worsening of local living conditions, increased environmental damage and urban security problems.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Families
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Homelessness as a global human rights crisis that demands an urgent global response 2016, para. 43
- Paragraph text
- Homelessness among children and young people has reached critical proportions. Factors that push children into leaving home include parents' unemployment and poverty; family disintegration and parental abuse; parental drug and alcohol addictions; and being orphaned owing to HIV/AIDS, Ebola, armed conflict or natural disaster. Some families, unable to support children because of extreme poverty, abandon or send them to urban areas to work. Children raised in residential institutions often find themselves homeless when they reach the age at which institutional care ceases. Identified "pull" factors include "spatial freedom, financial independence, adventure, city glamour and street-based friendships or gangs".
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Humanitarian
- Poverty
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Youth
- Year
- 2016
Paragraph
Environmental human rights defenders 2016, para. 38
- Paragraph text
- With regard to the types of violations, communications indicate that environmental human rights defenders faced a high risk of threat to their physical integrity (more than 151 killings were documented during the same period), while a further 57 individuals and 5 communities were physically attacked. They have also been intimidated (54 individuals, 17 organizations and 1 community) and harassed (more than 31 individuals, 8 families, 5 communities and 3 groups). More than 91 environmental human rights defenders have been imprisoned and arbitrarily detained, while more than 82 have been arrested for their rights work.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Activists
- Families
- Year
- 2016
Paragraph
Comprehensive prevention strategies against sale and sexual exploitation of children 2013, para. 25
- Paragraph text
- Push factors focus on the child in a given context and situation. They highlight the failure of the environment to protect children and the reasons why children may be driven or "pushed" away. Risks arise from the situation of the child him or herself, the child's immediate environment such as the family or the community, or the broader political, social, economic, institutional and cultural context. The vulnerability of a child depends on social norms within the community, the availability of adequate social services, and the adaptation of the environment to his or her needs, among other factors.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Year
- 2013
Paragraph
Reflection on a 6-year tenure as Special Rapporteur on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography 2014, para. 45
- Paragraph text
- Drought, earthquakes and floods put children at risk. They directly affect the child's daily environment by impacting food security, water sources and diseases, among others. They increase vulnerability by creating further hardships for families and may be an incentive to migrate. They weaken governance systems, affect delivery of services and dislocate families. Following a natural disaster, children are more likely to be unidentified, hastily fostered, adopted or placed in long-term care institutions. Some people exploit the chaotic environment to engage in criminal activities, including selling children for the purposes of illegal adoption, forced labour or sexual exploitation. Evidence suggests that climate extremes have a tangible impact on the sale and sexual exploitation of children.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Multiple and intersecting forms of discrimination and violence against women 2011, para. 30
- Paragraph text
- Even in contexts where women are able to successfully acquire access to resources such as for example land, they continue to face the challenge of access to other resources for its care. For illustration purposes, we can look at the issue of access to water. Women and their families experience multiple challenges relating to security and health when they have to travel considerable distances and spend several hours a day collecting water, which is often polluted and dangerous to their health and well-being. At the same time they are also at risk of sexual and other forms of violence. Furthermore, with the privatization of water for profit, water has become a commodity for the global market. This is a form of structural violence in that water is being forcibly taken away as a public good, despite the recognition by the United Nations that water is a human right. Such a scenario illustrates both interpersonal and structural violence directly related to survival, bodily integrity and health, as women risk their lives daily for water, which is a basic need.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- Families
- Women
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Child slavery in the artisanal mining and quarrying sector 2011, para. 44
- Paragraph text
- The current financial crisis has seen demand in investments such as property fall and, with inflation on the rise and the lack of confidence in paper money, demand for gold has seen a huge increase. As of April 2011, the price of gold hit a record high of $1,466 per ounce. Additionally, the increased usage of mobile phones has resulted in the increased international demand and price for coltan. International demand for minerals leads families and children to "rush" to work in this sector because they see this as a quick way to informally make money (see A/HRC/18/51).
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Means of adoption
- N.A.
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph