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The first decade of the mandate of the Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially women and children 2014, para. 50
- Paragraph text
- Procedural components of the right to a remedy. The procedural obligations may be conceived as the range of measures needed to guarantee access to an effective remedy, including access to information, legal assistance and regularization of residency status, which contribute to the realization by trafficked persons of the substantive components of the right to an effective remedy. The Special Rapporteur has come to appreciate that certain preconditions must be fulfilled if the right to a remedy for victims of trafficking is to be realized in practice. For example, failure to identify victims in the first place will inevitably operate to deny those persons access to remedies. In too many countries, trafficked persons, including those who have been identified as such, are detained or deported without being given any opportunity to claim compensation. Improvements in identification procedures; the institution of a "reflection and recovery period", during which victims can receive legal and other assistance; and a review of any legal obstacles to access are therefore critical to effective realization of the right to a remedy.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The human rights of migrants on a 2035 agenda for facilitating human mobility 2017, para. 12
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur envisions an agenda that, building on target 10.7, outlines how human mobility can be facilitated effectively and underlines the importance of taking a long-term strategic approach to developing more accessible, regular, safe and affordable mobility policies and practices that will place States in a better position to respond to the significant demographic, economic, social, political and cultural challenges that lie ahead.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- All
- N.A.
- Year
- 2017
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Agenda setting of the work of the Special Rapporteur 2015, para. 29
- Paragraph text
- Trafficking is a grave violation of a number of human rights, especially the right to liberty and the right not to be held in slavery or involuntary servitude, the right to be free from cruel and inhumane treatment, the right to be free from violence and the right to health. The Special Rapporteur's framework for action will be guided by existing international and regional human rights instruments and principles relating to trafficking in persons.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2015
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Agenda setting of the work of the Special Rapporteur 2015, para. 27
- Paragraph text
- The notion of social inclusion of victims of trafficking is a well-established element in the context of integration/reintegration of victims in the country of destination or in their home country. The social inclusion of victims of trafficking prevents their further victimization and is also a preventive measure against retrafficking.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2015
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Agenda setting of the work of the Special Rapporteur 2015, para. 8
- Paragraph text
- In the age of globalization, trafficking in persons cannot be examined in isolation from the broader socioeconomic realities that drive it, nor should it be tackled only from a criminal perspective. Factors such as poverty and inequality, lack of educational opportunity and access to health care, gender discrimination, including gender-based violence, racial inequality and migration are some of the underlying factors that cause/contribute to trafficking in persons.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Gender
- Health
- Movement
- Poverty
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2015
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Integration of a human rights-based approach in measures to discourage the demand that fosters all forms of exploitation of persons, especially women and children, and which leads to human trafficking 2013, para. 12
- Paragraph text
- As noted in the earlier report of the Special Rapporteur (A/HRC/10/16, paras. 51-52): The definition of demand, which is an economic term, can be adapted to the context of trafficking to describe it as the desire 'for labour that is exploitative or services which breach the human rights of the person delivering those services'. It includes demand for sexual exploitation; for cheap labour and domestic workers; for organ removal and sale; for illicit adoption and forced marriages; for criminal activities or begging or for exploitation within the army … 'The demand side of trafficking generally refers to the nature and extent of the exploitation of the trafficked persons after their arrival at the point of destination, as well as the social, cultural, political, economic, legal and developmental factors that shape the demand and facilitate the trafficking process'. As such, it does not have to be 'properly understood as the demand for a trafficking victim's prostitution, labour or services. Rather, demand must be understood expansively, as any act that fosters any form of exploitation that, in turn, leads to trafficking'.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The issue of trafficking in persons for the removal of organs 2013, para. 57
- Paragraph text
- It is one thing to recognize a right to a remedy and quite another to ensure access to that right. The very low rate of victim identification in cases of trafficking in persons for the removal of organs means that the overwhelming number of persons who have suffered this harm will never be able to gain access to their legal entitlement to a remedy. The first and primary responsibility of States must therefore be to work towards ensuring that victims of trafficking in persons for the removal of organs are swiftly and accurately identified. Even for victims who are identified as such, however, obstacles to access to remedies are likely to be formidable. For example, many victims who have travelled to another country for surgery will not be identified until after they have returned, rendering it extremely difficult to secure restitution or compensation from or through the country in which the exploitation occurred. Such difficulties can be compounded by the fact that most victims are disempowered through poverty and illiteracy. Measures such as providing access to information and legal assistance, in addition to cross-border cooperation in relation to legal processes, will be crucial to making effective the right to a remedy for victims of trafficking in persons for the removal of organs.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The right to an effective remedy for trafficked persons 2011, para. 52
- Paragraph text
- In many States, the grant of residence permits is exclusively tied to the willingness of trafficked persons to cooperate with law enforcement to investigate and prosecute traffickers. It has been observed that trafficked persons are rarely seen as the holders of rights, but as "instruments" in investigations or prosecution. In the Special Rapporteur's view, the conditionality of residence permits on cooperation with law enforcement authorities may not only compromise trafficked persons' rights to full recovery, but may also be counterproductive from law enforcement perspectives. The requirement to cooperate with law enforcement authorities is of concern, particularly in the absence of a reflection and recovery period in many States, as such cooperation may result in re-traumatization of trafficked persons by forcing them to recount highly traumatic events when their psychological well-being has not yet been recovered. Further, this concern is heightened in view of the lack of definition as to what "cooperation" is expected from trafficked persons and the reports that it may, in some cases, entail direct contact with traffickers, which could be highly traumatizing for trafficked persons. It is doubtful whether information obtained without respecting the right of trafficked persons to full recovery can be used for the purpose of criminal investigation, as they are more likely to provide accurate and reliable information once they regain their psychological stability.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Access to justice for people living in poverty 2012, para. 34
- Paragraph text
- Persons living in poverty face greater and disproportionate barriers and disincentives in accessing registration services, which are often geographically distant for them, time-consuming and unaffordable. The travel costs to access registration services are added to relatively high fees charged for the issuance of identity documents and to the working time lost. These costs are more burdensome for the poor.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Movement
- Poverty
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Banking on mobility over a generation: follow-up to the regional study on the management of the external borders of the European Union and its impact on the human rights of migrants 2015, para. 60
- Paragraph text
- Developing a human rights-based framework by tackling the most pressing concerns and sustaining the political will needed to stay the course of reform over a generation will allow the European Union to bank on the economic and social benefits of mobility.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2015
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Global migration governance 2013, para. 64
- Paragraph text
- The Treaty of Rome provided the right to free movement of workers within the European Economic Community, thus recognizing the economic benefits of free movement. The European Union's expansion in 2004, including to Eastern Europe, proved that free movement is also possible for countries with different levels of economic development, enhancing the benefits of mobility for all concerned.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Reflection on work undertaken in first 14 years of the mandate; outline of opportunities and priorities 2014, para. 29
- Paragraph text
- Central to State obligations with respect to the right to adequate housing is the obligation to take positive measures to realize that right. According to article 2.1 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, the State is obliged to take steps, through international assistance and cooperation, to the maximum of its available resources, with a view to achieving progressively the full realization of the right by all appropriate means, including particularly the adoption of legislative measures. Historically, however, the obligation of States to take steps or positive measures to realize the right to adequate housing has not received as much attention in the development of legal norms as other aspects of States' obligations. Legal norms have focused more often on State action that interferes with the right to adequate housing. As a result, at the international level there is more clarity about legal norms applied to forced evictions and comparatively less about the positive obligation to address homelessness or to allocate the resources necessary to ensure access to housing for marginalized groups. Similarly, domestic courts tend to deal with more cases and develop more jurisprudence on evictions and service disconnections than on failures to prioritize the development of services for informal settlements.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Mapping and framing security of tenure 2013, para. 2
- Paragraph text
- The crisis manifests itself in many forms and contexts. Forced evictions are its most visible and egregious sign. Displacement resulting from development, natural disasters and conflicts, land grabbing, and the growing number of urban dwellers living under insecure tenure arrangements worldwide are further manifestations of the crisis.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Movement
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Migration and the right to adequate housing 2010, para. 73
- Paragraph text
- The lack of appropriate legislation criminalizing such practices as trafficking, forced labour and degrading treatment, as well as the obstacles sometimes placed on non-citizens to denounce such abuses, are a grave omission of the State's responsibility to protect those under their jurisdiction. These practices also lead to violations of the right of the affected persons to adequate housing.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Migration and the right to adequate housing 2010, para. 59
- Paragraph text
- Lack of security of tenure, xenophobic sentiments and segregating urban policies facilitate the forced eviction of these groups from the areas in which they reside. Citing their irregular status and lack of tenure, official authorities proceed to evict them without reasonable prior notification or consultation and fail to provide them with alternative accommodation or compensation.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Movement
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The transformative potential of the right to food 2014, para. 11
- Paragraph text
- Indeed, many least developed countries have succumbed to a vicious cycle. As they were confronted from the 1960s to the 1990s with strong population growth and rural-to-urban migration, their governments had no choice but to depend more on food aid or to import more food products. This made it even more difficult for their own farmers to make a decent living from farming, as they faced increased dumping of heavily subsidized foodstuffs on domestic markets. In effect, the import of low-priced food products functioned as a substitute for improved wages for workers in the non-agricultural sectors, and for the establishment of social protection floors for all. As the Special Rapporteur noted in the report he prepared following his mission to WTO (A/HRC/10/5/Add.2), this was perhaps a convenient solution so long as the prices of basic food commodities remained stable or were declining. However, with higher and increasingly volatile prices, it results in new threats to the right to food of net food buyers and is a recipe for social and political instability. Furthermore, the increased reliance on food imports is a major cause of "nutrition transition" in the developing world, by which nutritionists mean the shift to processed foods richer in salt, sugar and saturated fats - foods that have a long shelf life and are attractive to urban populations and younger generations, but are often less nutritious and less healthy.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Food & Nutrition
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Article 12: Freedom of movement 1999, para. 15
- Paragraph text
- The principle of proportionality has to be respected not only in the law that frames the restrictions, but also by the administrative and judicial authorities in applying the law. States should ensure that any proceedings relating to the exercise or restriction of these rights are expeditious and that reasons for the application of restrictive measures are provided.
- Body
- Human Rights Committee
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 1999
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Article 12: Freedom of movement 1999, para. 12
- Paragraph text
- The law itself has to establish the conditions under which the rights may be limited. State reports should therefore specify the legal norms upon which restrictions are founded. Restrictions which are not provided for in the law or are not in conformity with the requirements of article 12, paragraph 3, would violate the rights guaranteed by paragraphs 1 and 2.
- Body
- Human Rights Committee
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 1999
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Peasants and Other People Working in Rural Areas 2018, para. 18. (1)
- Paragraph text
- Forced or compulsory labour for the transport of persons or goods, such as the labour of porters or boatmen, shall be abolished within the shortest possible period. Meanwhile the competent authority shall promulgate regulations determining, inter alia, (a) that such labour shall only be employed for the purpose of facilitating the movement of officials of the administration, when on duty, or for the transport of Government stores, or, in cases of very urgent necessity, the transport of persons other than officials, (b) that the workers so employed shall be medically certified to be physically fit, where medical examination is possible, and that where such medical examination is not practicable the person employing such workers shall be held responsible for ensuring that they are physically fit and not suffering from any infectious or contagious disease, (c) the maximum load which these workers may carry, (d) the maximum distance from their homes to which they may be taken, (e) the maximum number of days per month or other period for which they may be taken, including the days spent in returning to their homes, and (f) the persons entitled to demand this form of forced or compulsory labour and the extent to which they are entitled to demand it.
- Body
- United Nations Human Rights Council
- Document type
- Resolution
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2018
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Protocol of 2014 to the Forced Labour Convention 2014, para. Preamble 8
- Paragraph text
- Recognizing that the context and forms of forced or compulsory labour have changed and trafficking in persons for the purposes of forced or compulsory labour, which may involve sexual exploitation, is the subject of growing international concern and requires urgent action for its effective elimination, and
- Body
- International Labour Organization
- Document type
- International treaty
- Topic(s)
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Peasants and Other People Working in Rural Areas 2018, para. 19. (1)
- Paragraph text
- 1. The competent authority shall only authorise recourse to compulsory cultivation as a method of precaution against famine or a deficiency of food supplies and always under the condition that the food or produce shall remain the property of the individuals or the community producing it.
- Body
- United Nations Human Rights Council
- Document type
- Resolution
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Food & Nutrition
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2018
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Article 12: Freedom of movement 1999, para. 5
- Paragraph text
- The right to move freely relates to the whole territory of a State, including all parts of federal States. According to article 12, paragraph 1, persons are entitled to move from one place to another, and to establish themselves in a place of their choice. The enjoyment of this right must not be made dependent on any particular purpose or reason for the person wanting to move or to stay in a place. Any restrictions must be in conformity with paragraph 3.
- Body
- Human Rights Committee
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 1999
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Peasants and Other People Working in Rural Areas 2018, para. 15. (1)
- Paragraph text
- Any laws or regulations relating to workmen's compensation for accidents or sickness arising out of the employment of the worker and any laws or regulations providing compensation for the dependants of deceased or incapacitated workers which are or shall be in force in the territory concerned shall be equally applicable to persons from whom forced or compulsory labour is exacted and to voluntary workers.
- Body
- United Nations Human Rights Council
- Document type
- Resolution
- Topic(s)
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2018
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Strengthening voluntary standards for businesses on preventing and combating trafficking in persons and labour exploitation, especially in supply chains 2017, para. 17
- Paragraph text
- In the past few years, at the State level, the above-mentioned due diligence principle and the need to ensure businesses accountability have been at the core of national legislation developed to respond to consumer demands for more transparency in the activities of businesses and their impact on trafficking in persons and forced labour.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2017
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 46
- Paragraph text
- In the above-mentioned report, the Special Rapporteur also identified the entitlement of victims of trafficking to due diligence protection and prevention against trafficking in persons by States, whether in times of conflict or otherwise (A/HRC/32/41, para. 56). These rights include: the right to be identified; the right to protection; the right to assistance and support; access to remedies; and the right to safe return/protection from retrafficking/protection from persecution.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Integration of a human rights-based approach in measures to discourage the demand that fosters all forms of exploitation of persons, especially women and children, and which leads to human trafficking 2013, para. 81
- Paragraph text
- A proportionate response to the demand problem must take into account the potential of anti-trafficking measures that restrict freedom of movement to increase the risk of human smuggling. Higher prices will be commanded from smugglers and those who cannot pay may become more vulnerable to exploitation.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Integration of a human rights-based approach in measures to discourage the demand that fosters all forms of exploitation of persons, especially women and children, and which leads to human trafficking 2013, para. 75
- Paragraph text
- Demand-oriented measures taken by the authorities in importing States, in combination with or separate from measures by retailers or businesses that import a commodity suspected of being produced by people subjected to exploitation of persons, may not generate the intended results unless accompanied by appropriate measures in the countries where exploitation (and possibly trafficking in persons) occurs. It also shows the importance of taking practical conditions on the ground into account, including the nature of the product and the production process.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Integration of a human rights-based approach in measures to discourage the demand that fosters all forms of exploitation of persons, especially women and children, and which leads to human trafficking 2013, para. 56
- Paragraph text
- The Council of Europe Convention on Action against Trafficking in Human Beings covers "criminalisation of the use of services of a victim". Without making it obligatory for States parties to make it an offence for someone to purchase services from a person who they know has been trafficked, it requires States parties to consider doing so (art. 19). According to the reports of Council of Europe Group of Experts on Action against Trafficking in Human Beings, some States of the Council of Europe have criminalized the known use of the services of trafficked persons.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Integration of a human rights-based approach in measures to discourage the demand that fosters all forms of exploitation of persons, especially women and children, and which leads to human trafficking 2013, para. 51
- Paragraph text
- In the case of any Government-run organizations which function or carry out transactions outside the national territory, this responsibility requires taking measures to discourage demand while individuals employed by the Government are based in another country. In this case, it is not only the procurement policies of the institutions involved which the State must check; it must also influence the personal behaviour of civil servants who might themselves employ or pay for the services of someone who has been trafficked.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The issue of trafficking in persons for the removal of organs 2013, para. 60
- Paragraph text
- The question of demand in the context of trafficking in persons is a vexed one (see A/HRC/23/48). The issue raises particular complexities in the case of trafficking in persons for the removal of organs. As noted above, demand for organs has grown through a confluence of factors and will probably never be met through a system of altruistic donations from deceased and live donors. It is therefore dangerous to develop policy responses on the basis that the only long-term solution to trafficking in persons for the removal of organs lies in an expansion of supply to meet demand. Human-rights-based examination of this debate, including calls for a regulated market in organs, is well overdue. While that issue is beyond the scope of the present report, some preliminary conclusions can be drawn. First and most importantly, it can be safely asserted that the focus of such an analysis would be squarely on the rights of the potential victim. A human-rights-based approach would seek to identify those approaches to transplantation that offer the best chance of protecting vulnerable persons from exploitation and that best support the core human rights principles of non-discrimination and equality. Such an approach would also probably be extremely critical of the unequal power relations that almost inevitably exist between "donors" and recipients, as well as between "donors" and those who profit financially from transplantation surgery. Such an approach would further view socioeconomic conditions as determinants for organ removal with great concern.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Health
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph