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A world fit for children 2002, para. 35
- Paragraph text
- Owing to poverty and lack of access to basic social services, more than 10 million children under five years of age, nearly half of them in their neonatal period, die every year of preventable diseases and malnutrition. Complications related to pregnancy and childbirth and maternal anaemia and malnutrition kill more than half a million women and adolescents each year, and injure and disable many more. More than one billion people cannot obtain safe drinking water, 150 million children under five years of age are malnourished, and more than two billion people lack access to adequate sanitation.
- Body
- United Nations General Assembly
- Document type
- Resolution
- Topic(s)
- Health
- Poverty
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- Adolescents
- Children
- Women
- Year
- 2002
Paragraph
A world fit for children 2002, para. 44.36
- Paragraph text
- [To achieve these goals, we will implement the following strategies and actions:] In this context, protect children from all forms of economic exploitation by mobilizing national partnerships and international cooperation, and improve the conditions of children by, inter alia, providing working children with free basic education and vocational training, and integration into the education system in every way possible, and encourage support for social and economic policies aimed at poverty eradication and at providing families, particularly women, with employment and income-generating opportunities.
- Body
- United Nations General Assembly
- Document type
- Resolution
- Topic(s)
- Poverty
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Women
- Year
- 2002
Paragraph
Accelerating efforts to eliminate all forms of violence against women and girls: preventing and responding to violence against women and girls in the world of work (2019), para. 22
- Paragraph text
- Recognizing also that poverty, discrimination and marginalization resulting from exclusion from social policies and from the benefits of education, health, labour protection and sustainable development can place women and girls at increased risk of violence,
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Poverty
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Girls
- Women
Paragraph
Accelerating efforts to eliminate all forms of violence against women: ensuring due diligence in prevention (2010), para. 17
- Original document
- Paragraph text
- 4. Further calls upon States to take all measures to empower women and strengthen their economic independence, including through their full participation in the development and implementation of socio-economic policies and poverty eradication strategies, and through recognition of the value of the unremunerated work by women to better protect themselves against violence and, in this regard, to give priority to and to promote their access, without discrimination, to education, training, economic opportunity and economic advancement;
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Poverty
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Women
Paragraph
Accelerating efforts to eliminate all forms of violence against women: violence against women as a barrier to women’s political and economic empowerment (2014), para. 14
- Paragraph text
- Recognizing that poverty and lack of empowerment of women, as well as their marginalization resulting from their exclusion from social policies and from the benefits of education, health and sustainable development, can place them at increased risk of violence, and that all forms of violence against women and girls, including sexual violence, are impediments to the development of their full potential as equal partners in all aspects of life, as well as obstacles to the achievement of the internationally agreed development goals, including the Millennium Development Goals,
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Gender
- Poverty
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Girls
- Women
Paragraph
Accelerating efforts to eliminate all forms of violence against women: violence against women as a barrier to women’s political and economic empowerment (2014), para. 16
- Paragraph text
- Recognizing further that child, early and forced marriage continues to be an impediment to not only the economic, legal, health and social status of women and girls but also to the development of the community as a whole, and that the empowerment of and investment in women and girls, as well as their meaningful participation in decisions that affect them, are a key factor in breaking the cycle of gender inequality and discrimination, violence and poverty and is critical for sustainable development and economic growth,
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Poverty
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Girls
- Women
Paragraph
Accelerating efforts to eliminate all forms of violence against women: violence against women as a barrier to women’s political and economic empowerment (2014), para. 44
- Paragraph text
- (n) Incorporating a gender perspective into social and economic policies, including development and poverty eradication strategies, with a view to ensuring that the formulation and implementation of relevant strategies contribute to women’s economic empowerment, thereby reducing their risk of violence;
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Gender
- Poverty
- Person(s) affected
- Women
Paragraph
Accelerating efforts to eliminate all forms of violence against women: Violence against women as a barrier to women’s political and economic empowerment 2014, para. 13
- Paragraph text
- Recognizing that poverty and lack of empowerment of women, as well as their marginalization resulting from their exclusion from social policies and from the benefits of education, health and sustainable development, can place them at increased risk of violence, and that all forms of violence against women and girls, including sexual violence, are impediments to the development of their full potential as equal partners in all aspects of life, as well as obstacles to the achievement of the internationally agreed development goals, including the Millennium Development Goals,
- Body
- United Nations Human Rights Council
- Document type
- Resolution
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Poverty
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Girls
- Women
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Access to justice for people living in poverty 2012, para. 13
- Paragraph text
- These principles require that claimants or defendants must be able to exercise their rights and defend their interests effectively and in full procedural equality with other parties. When there is a big disparity in the economic or social status of litigants, as is often the case when those living in poverty seek redress for grievances against more powerful parties, there is a high risk of an unequal trial. For example, this is likely when impoverished workers want to bring a case against their employer for unfair and unjust working conditions or when a woman without personal income or resources brings a case against her partner for domestic violence. Procedural inequality can also arise in litigation against the State.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Poverty
- Person(s) affected
- Women
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Access to justice for people living in poverty 2012, para. 18
- Paragraph text
- Certain groups that suffer from structural discrimination and exclusion and are disproportionately represented among the poor, particularly ethnic and racial minorities, migrants and indigenous peoples, encounter additional barriers to accessing justice. Those difficulties are multiplied for women living in poverty, who experience compounded discrimination and disempowerment, not to mention financial constraints. Therefore, across different contexts, women living in poverty experience particular difficulties in accessing justice mechanisms and winning judicial recognition, action and enforcement for crimes, discrimination and human rights violations they are disproportionately subject to. Children are often denied the due process guarantees that they are entitled to on the same basis as adults, as well as additional protections that are necessary, in particular when they are particularly deprived or marginalized.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Poverty
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Ethnic minorities
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Access to justice for people living in poverty 2012, para. 22
- Paragraph text
- Women living in poverty often face particularly strong social barriers to pursuing cases. In some contexts, there are strong cultural norms against women speaking on their own behalf in disputes. Social sanction is a particular obstacle for women who are victims of domestic or sexual violence. In the case of gender-based violence, for example, social constraints account partly for the disproportionately high underreporting and attrition rates.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Poverty
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Women
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Access to justice for people living in poverty 2012, para. 23
- Paragraph text
- Another social barrier relates to the powerlessness and dependence of persons living in poverty or their subordination to other groups or persons. For example, in some societies, poor women may be unable to approach justice systems without the assistance of a male relative, while in very hierarchical societies those who are economically dependent on other groups are unlikely to pursue justice claims against them.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Poverty
- Person(s) affected
- Women
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Access to justice for people living in poverty 2012, para. 30
- Paragraph text
- Women living in poverty suffer compounded obstacles to accessing justice generated by inadequate legal frameworks and normative protection, because the deprivations and abuse that women suffer as women are often not recognized in law. Many States lack legal and constitutional frameworks that guarantee women the enjoyment of their rights, such as anti-discrimination laws. Issues such as domestic violence, sexual violence, reproductive rights, and equal pay and inheritance rights are not adequately addressed in many legal regimes, thus curtailing any possibility of seeking remedies. This has a particularly devastating impact on poor women, who are often left without any formal or informal recourse.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Poverty
- Person(s) affected
- Women
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Access to justice for people living in poverty 2012, para. 38
- Paragraph text
- Such factors often act as a persuasive deterrent against seeking redress from judicial or adjudicatory mechanisms, or may indeed represent an insurmountable obstacle for the poorest and most marginalized. This is especially so for those who have limited mobility, such as older persons or persons with disabilities, or those for whom travel is more difficult or dangerous, including women and children.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Movement
- Poverty
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Older persons
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Access to justice for people living in poverty 2012, para. 43
- Paragraph text
- Non-registration of complaints by the police is a practice common in overburdened and underresourced criminal justice systems. In such cases, it is usually the complaints of persons living in poverty that go unregistered, owing to bias and discrimination, and their disempowerment and lack of knowledge and information about their rights. Cases involving gender-based violence, notably rape allegations, often go unregistered, particularly when the victim is a woman living in poverty and lacks awareness or the means to pressure the police to investigate.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Poverty
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Women
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Access to justice for people living in poverty 2012, para. 44
- Paragraph text
- The rights and interests of women are thus especially compromised by badly resourced and trained judicial systems and police forces, State organs that traditionally reflect and prioritize the interests of men and are dominated by men. Not only do women living in poverty come up against stark power imbalances and discriminatory cultural norms and other social structures when instituting legal proceedings, they are also disadvantaged by the lack of training afforded to officials on the application of laws relating to gender-based violence and the proper treatment of victims and handling of complaints. Women living in poverty have even less power and capacity to challenge this state of affairs.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Gender
- Poverty
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Men
- Women
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Access to justice for people living in poverty 2012, para. 53
- Paragraph text
- In civil claims, fees are payable when claims and motions are filed or when time limits are exceeded. In addition, the unsuccessful party in a civil case is often ordered to pay the legal costs of the successful party. Such fees are unaffordable for persons living in poverty and act as a disincentive to instituting claims. For example, in some countries the cost of divorce proceedings, including child custody claims, or of filing a land inheritance claim is many times the monthly income of a person living in poverty, and presents an even greater barrier for poor women.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Poverty
- Person(s) affected
- Women
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Access to justice for people living in poverty 2012, para. 54
- Paragraph text
- The existence of administrative and other fees disproportionately disadvantages women, who often have less financial independence or access to financial resources. Women's access to the judicial system to determine civil claims with respect to divorce, child custody and land inheritance is impeded when excessive fees are imposed. Women living in poverty may also be prevented from filing criminal charges for domestic violence, rape or other forms of gender-based violence because they are unable to afford the fees incurred.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Gender
- Poverty
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Women
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Access to justice for people living in poverty 2012, para. 58
- Paragraph text
- Persons living in poverty are more likely than other individuals to be confronted with requests for bribes and to resort to paying bribes. Moreover, bribes represent a greater burden for persons living in poverty, often meaning that they have to sell assets or sacrifice their health or education in order to meet such demands. Evidence shows that women are more likely to be affected by demands for bribes within the justice system and in many cases they are also subject to harassment or abuse by law enforcement officers.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Poverty
- Person(s) affected
- Women
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Access to justice for people living in poverty 2012, para. 64
- Paragraph text
- Often, the criteria which govern access to State-funded legal assistance are arbitrary and overly restrictive, and rely heavily on means-testing to determine eligibility. Means-testing is often inaccurate and is unable to take account of the wealth distribution within a household, disadvantaging those who have restricted access to household wealth, such as women and older persons. Furthermore, it fails to realistically reflect the options faced by persons living in poverty; for example, it may disqualify individuals if they have the option of disposing of household assets, even if those assets are used to produce food and generate subsistence income for the household.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Poverty
- Person(s) affected
- Older persons
- Women
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Access to justice for people living in poverty 2012, para. 80
- Paragraph text
- In practice, however, restrictions on legal standing in many States directly and indirectly exclude persons living in poverty from accessing judicial and adjudicatory mechanisms. For example, in some States, legislatures and judicial systems limit standing for certain groups, such as women and children. Discriminatory laws deprive women of legal competency and require that they be under male guardianship before instituting a claim or giving evidence.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Poverty
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Women
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Access to justice for people living in poverty 2012, para. 86
- Paragraph text
- Informal justice systems are often more accessible to persons living in poverty and may have the potential to provide quick, affordable and culturally relevant remedies. However, informal justice mechanisms frequently exhibit some of the same weaknesses as State systems. For example, they may exclude women, minorities and disadvantaged groups, be susceptible to corruption and abuse of power, require payment from claimants or impose heavy fines, and in some there may be frequent lengthy delays in deciding cases.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Poverty
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Ethnic minorities
- Women
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Access to justice for people living in poverty 2012, para. 95
- Paragraph text
- Given the great diversity of social contexts, there is no "one size fits all" solution for ensuring access to justice for persons living in poverty. Differing national and local contexts create a variety of challenges and opportunities for reform that must be taken into account. Success in all contexts, however, will share the features of a human rights-based approach. Solutions require tackling not only legal obstacles but also a range of extralegal factors: social, economic, cultural, linguistic, etc. Solutions must be sought at local levels, designed and implemented with the active participation of the communities affected. Therefore, policymakers and legal authorities should have a specific contextual understanding of local legal institutions and the variety of obstacles on the ground that impede access to justice by persons living in poverty, and implement multidimensional solutions that can strengthen their agency and ensure their enjoyment of their rights. Special attention must be paid to women and groups that are particularly excluded, such as indigenous peoples, older persons and migrants. With this in mind, States must take immediate and effective action to ensure that persons living in poverty are not denied enjoyment of their human rights because of insurmountable obstacles which prevent them from accessing the justice system. To this end, the Special Rapporteur wishes to present the following recommendations.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Poverty
- Person(s) affected
- Ethnic minorities
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Access to justice for people living in poverty 2012, para. 96
- Paragraph text
- [States should:] Create integrated and specialized services to address women's access to justice and ensure more efficient handling of gender-related crimes, including, for example, domestic violence courts and one-stop shops for sexual violence survivors; such services must be accessible and affordable for women living in poverty
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Gender
- Poverty
- Person(s) affected
- Women
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Addressing the impact of multiple and intersecting forms of discrimination and violence in the context of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance on the full enjoyment of all human rights by women and girls (2016), para. 07
- Paragraph text
- Stressing the importance of the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action, which recognized that racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance reveal themselves in a differentiated manner for women and girls and can be among the factors leading to a deterioration in their living conditions, poverty, violence, multiple forms of discrimination and the limitation or denial of their human rights,
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Poverty
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Girls
- Women
Paragraph
Addressing the impact of multiple and intersecting forms of discrimination and violence in the context of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance on the full enjoyment of all human rights by women and girls (2016), para. 11
- Paragraph text
- Mindful of the fact that the elimination of all forms of discrimination against women and girls requires the consideration of their specific socioeconomic context, including their increased vulnerability to certain patterns of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance, and that the non-participation of all women and girls in decision- making contributes to the feminization of poverty and hampers sustainable development and economic growth,
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Poverty
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Girls
- Women
Paragraph
Addressing the impact of multiple and intersecting forms of discrimination and violence in the context of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance on the full enjoyment of all human rights by women and girls 2016, para. 11
- Paragraph text
- Mindful of the fact that the elimination of all forms of discrimination against women and girls requires the consideration of their specific socioeconomic context, including their increased vulnerability to certain patterns of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance, and that the non-participation of all women and girls in decision-making contributes to the feminization of poverty and hampers sustainable development and economic growth,
- Body
- United Nations Human Rights Council
- Document type
- Resolution
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Poverty
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Girls
- Women
- Year
- 2016
Paragraph
Adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living (2010), para. 06
- Original document
- Paragraph text
- Concerned that any deterioration in the general housing situation disproportionally affects persons living in conditions of poverty, low-income earners, women, children, persons belonging to minorities and indigenous peoples, migrants, the elderly and persons with disabilities,
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Poverty
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Ethnic minorities
- Persons on the move
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
Paragraph
Adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living 2007, para. 4a
- Paragraph text
- [Urges States:] To give full effect, without discrimination of any kind as to race, colour, sex, language, religion, disability, political or other opinion, national, or social origin, property, birth or other status, to the right to adequate housing, including through domestic legislation and policies and programmes based, as appropriate, on statistical data, benchmarks or housing indicators, giving particular attention to individuals, most often women and children, and members of communities living in extreme poverty, as well as to security of tenure;
- Body
- United Nations Human Rights Council
- Document type
- Resolution
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Poverty
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Women
- Year
- 2007
Paragraph
Adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living 2007, para. 4h
- Paragraph text
- [Urges States:] To enable all persons to obtain shelter and access to affordable housing and access to land, inter alia, by taking appropriate measures aimed at removing discriminatory obstacles to access, with special emphasis on meeting the needs of women, especially those who are facing or who have faced violence and those living in poverty and female heads of household;
- Body
- United Nations Human Rights Council
- Document type
- Resolution
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Poverty
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Women
- Year
- 2007
Paragraph