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Women migrant workers 2008, para. 16
- Paragraph text
- Women migrant workers may be unable to save or transmit savings safely through regular channels due to isolation (for domestic workers), cumbersome procedures, language barriers, or high transaction costs. This is a great problem since in general they earn less than men. Women may further face familial obligations to remit all their earnings to their families to a degree that may not be expected of men. For example, single women may be expected to support even extended family members at home.
- Body
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Gender
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Families
- Men
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2008
Paragraph
Women migrant workers 2008, para. 11
- Paragraph text
- Women migrant workers may face sex- and gender-based discrimination, including compulsory HIV and AIDS testing for women returnees, moral "rehabilitation" for young women returnees and increased personal and social costs compared to men, without adequate gender-responsive services. For example, men may return to a stable family situation, whereas women may find disintegration of the family upon their return, with their absence from home regarded as the cause of such disintegration. There may also be a lack of protection against reprisals from exploitative recruiting agents.
- Body
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Families
- Men
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Youth
- Year
- 2008
Paragraph
Violence against women migrant workers 2017, para. 25
- Paragraph text
- Recognizing also that violence against women and girls, in particular migrant women, is rooted in historical and structural inequality in power relations between women and men, which further reinforces gender stereotypes and barriers to the full enjoyment by women and girls of their human rights,
- Body
- United Nations General Assembly
- Document type
- Resolution
- Topic(s)
- Gender
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Girls
- Men
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2017
Paragraph
Violence against women migrant workers 1997, para. 1
- Paragraph text
- Bearing in mind the Charter of the United Nations, which reaffirms faith in human rights and fundamental freedoms, in the dignity and worth of the human person, and in the equal rights of women and men,
- Body
- Commission on the Status of Women
- Document type
- Resolution
- Topic(s)
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Men
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 1997
Paragraph
Violence against women migrant workers 1996, para. 1
- Paragraph text
- Bearing in mind the Charter of the United Nations, which reaffirms faith in human rights and fundamental freedoms, in the dignity and worth of the human person, and in the equal rights of women and men,
- Body
- Commission on the Status of Women
- Document type
- Resolution
- Topic(s)
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Men
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 1996
Paragraph
Violence against women migrant workers 1995, para. 1
- Paragraph text
- Bearing in mind the Charter of the United Nations, which reaffirms faiths in human rights and fundamental freedoms, in the dignity and worth of the human person, and in the equal rights of women and men,
- Body
- Commission on the Status of Women
- Document type
- Resolution
- Topic(s)
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Men
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 1995
Paragraph
United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Peasants and Other People Working in Rural Areas (2019), para. 114
- Original document
- Paragraph text
- 6. No one shall be required to perform forced, bonded or compulsory labour, be subjected to the risk of becoming a victim of human trafficking or be held in any other form of contemporary slavery. States shall, in consultation and cooperation with peasants and other people working in rural areas and their representative organizations, take appropriate measures to protect them from economic exploitation, child labour and all forms of contemporary slavery, such as debt bondage of women, men and children, and forced labour, including of fishers and fish wor kers, forest workers, or seasonal or migrant workers.
- Topic(s)
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Men
- Women
Paragraph
Trafficking in women and girls 2004, para. 13
- Paragraph text
- Seriously concerned at the increasing number of women and girl children from developing countries and from some countries with economies in transition who are being trafficked to developed countries, as well as within and between regions and States, and concerned that men and boys are also victims of trafficking,
- Body
- United Nations Commission on Human Rights
- Document type
- Resolution
- Topic(s)
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Boys
- Children
- Girls
- Men
- Women
- Year
- 2004
Paragraph
Trafficking in persons in conflict and post-conflict situations 2016, para. 78
- Paragraph text
- The media should be adequately sensitized about the linkage between trafficking in persons, especially women and children, and conflict, and should be aware of its gender dimension, in order to be able to report correctly about incidents of trafficking affecting girls, boys, women and men living in such circumstances.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Gender
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Boys
- Children
- Girls
- Men
- Women
- Year
- 2016
Paragraph
The right to an effective remedy for trafficked persons 2011, para. 17
- Paragraph text
- Recovery includes medical and psychological care, as well as legal and social services. As trafficking often causes severe physical and psychological consequences for the victims, recovery is a crucial form of remedy. In the Human Rights Council report, the Special Rapporteur noted with concern that in some States, recovery services are only available to certain categories of trafficked persons at the exclusion of others, such as men and children who are internally trafficked, and that access to recovery services is made conditional on the capacity or willingness of trafficked persons to cooperate with law enforcement authorities. Further, she expressed concern about the absence in many States of a "reflection and recovery period", during which trafficked persons may escape the influence of traffickers, recover psychological stability to consider their options, and make an informed decision as to whether to cooperate with law enforcement authorities without the risk of being removed from the country. This period is not only an integral element of recovery, but also the fundamental first step in seeking other forms of reparations, such as compensation. The security and well-being of trafficked persons, which may be facilitated by the reflection and recovery period, is an essential prerequisite for trafficked persons in seeking compensation.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Men
- Women
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
The impact of bilateral and multilateral trade agreements on the human rights of migrants 2016, para. 93d
- Paragraph text
- [To address the structural impact of international trade on the human rights of migrants, the Special Rapporteur recommends that States:] Ensure that gender-specific considerations are adequately integrated into the development of such human rights impact assessments so that the impact of trade agreements on the human rights of migrant women and men are identified and effectively mitigated;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Men
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2016
Paragraph
The impact of bilateral and multilateral trade agreements on the human rights of migrants 2016, para. 59
- Paragraph text
- Women, particularly those in the care sector, are especially vulnerable to exploitation and abuse, as they work in physical and social isolation. Men too may experience abuse and exploitation, in sectors such as construction and agriculture. The Special Rapporteur believes in the importance of trade agreements providing all migrants with the opportunity to seek redress for human rights and labour standards violations, without fear of detection, detention and deportation.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Men
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2016
Paragraph
The first decade of the mandate of the Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially women and children 2014, para. 79a
- Paragraph text
- [Future mandate holders could focus on conceptual and definitional overlaps; the consequences of a human rights-based approach to trafficking; measuring the impact of anti-trafficking interventions, corruption and trafficking; and the effectiveness of victim identification tools. They should:] Consider undertaking studies in relation to emerging areas of concern, such as (i) illicit recruitment practices, (ii) trafficking in men for forced and exploitative labour, (iii) trafficking for forced begging and criminal activities, (iv) trafficking for forced or servile marriage and (v) return and the risk of retrafficking. They should consider giving further attention to trafficking in persons for the removal of organs in continuation of the initial work undertaken by the Special Rapporteur;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Men
- Women
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Strengthening voluntary standards for businesses on preventing and combating trafficking in persons and labour exploitation, especially in supply chains 2017, para. 78
- Paragraph text
- Multi-stakeholder initiatives should ensure that assurance providers and auditors have demonstrated knowledge and experience in assessing compliance with labour-related standards and in interviewing workers on an ongoing basis. When risk indicators are identified, the initiatives should consider requiring the collaboration of assurance providers and auditors with civil society organizations that are specialized in victim identification and that provide specialized services for trafficked persons. Multi-stakeholder initiatives should ensure that specialized services address gender concerns and that services are offered to both men and women. They should also consider including forced labour and human trafficking experts in oversight bodies.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Men
- Women
- Year
- 2017
Paragraph
Stocktaking exercise on the work of the mandate on its tenth Anniversary 2014, para. 58a
- Paragraph text
- [Future mandate holders could focus on conceptual and definitional overlaps; the consequences of a human rights-based approach to trafficking; measuring the impact of anti-trafficking interventions, corruption and trafficking; and the effectiveness of victim identification tools. They should:] Consider undertaking studies in relation to emerging areas of concern, such as illicit recruitment practices, trafficking in men for forced and exploitative labour, trafficking for forced begging and criminal activities, trafficking for forced or servile marriage and return and the risk of retrafficking. They should also consider giving further attention to trafficking in persons for the removal of organs in continuation of the initial work undertaken by the Special Rapporteur;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Men
- Women
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Stocktaking exercise on the work of the mandate on its tenth Anniversary 2014, para. 53
- Paragraph text
- Partners have emphasized that the mandate holders could make a further contribution to the understanding of trafficking in persons by continuing to provide greater clarity on emerging and new forms of trafficking. Some themes proposed in this regard include trafficking for the purpose of forced labour (outside the sex sector), begging, criminality and forced marriage. The issue of trafficking of men and boys and the link between trafficking and corruption were also proposed. Further research on trafficking in persons for the purpose of organ removal and on prosecutions and punishments was deemed useful to determine the types of penalty imposed on traffickers and to what extent they acted as a deterrent. A focus on strengthening the accountability of non-State actors and the engagement of civil society in the efforts to combat trafficking in persons was also suggested.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Boys
- Men
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Stocktaking exercise on the work of the mandate on its tenth Anniversary 2014, para. 18
- Paragraph text
- The impact of country visits on anti-trafficking efforts at the national, regional and international levels has also been noted by partners. In this regard, the Special Rapporteur was pleased to learn that the recommendations she made to Member States, following country visits, for reforming national legislative and anti-trafficking policy frameworks in line with international norms had largely been implemented. This has meant shifts in policy and practice around trafficking. For example, in Morocco, a new migration policy includes measures to address trafficking in persons; in Japan, the action plan to combat trafficking in persons now covers all elements of the international definition of trafficking and includes specific provisions for trafficking in men and boys; in Australia, the national action plan to combat human trafficking and slavery is set to address a number of her recommendations; and in Belarus, the national plan of action for gender equality includes measures for the protection of, and assistance to, victims of trafficking. The establishment of, or amendments to, national anti-trafficking laws in conformity with the definition in the Palermo Protocol and the ratification of international and regional instruments for the protection of victims of trafficking were also positive achievements following a country visit by the Special Rapporteur. In that regard, States, including Australia, Lebanon, Seychelles and Thailand, have promulgated new national legal instruments addressing various aspects of trafficking in persons while others, such as Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Japan, have amended the relevant anti-trafficking provisions in existing laws. Recommendations concerning the establishment or strengthening of national rapporteurs on trafficking, and equivalent mechanisms, and cooperation with civil society organizations were, for the most part, followed up. In a number of countries, interministerial anti-trafficking committees have been established and services, including hotlines and shelters, to provide assistance to victims of trafficking put in place (Japan, Lebanon, Seychelles). Examples of how States have strengthened their partnerships with authorities in source, transfer and destination countries include bilateral agreements entered into with other States, as was done by Bosnia and Herzegovina and Thailand, or by supporting various anti-trafficking programmes in source countries such as Japan. A number of countries have also strengthened collaboration with civil society organizations in the provision of assistance to victims of trafficking and the development of national referral guidelines for the identification of, and support to, victims in a coordinated manner.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Boys
- Men
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Rights of rural women 2016, para. 29
- Paragraph text
- In line with general recommendation No. 32 (2014) on the gender-related dimensions of refugee status, asylum, nationality and statelessness of women, States parties should ensure that rural women may acquire, change, retain or renounce their nationality, or transfer it to their children and foreign spouse under the same conditions as men, and that they are aware of their rights in this regard. States parties should also provide rural women with access to personal identification documents (such as identity cards, passports and social security numbers) and ensure that civil registration procedures, including for birth, marriage, divorce and death, are accessible in rural areas.
- Body
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Men
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2016
Paragraph
Refugee Protection and Sexual Violence 1993, para. (c)
- Paragraph text
- Calls upon States and UNHCR to ensure the equal access of women and men to refugee status determination procedures and to all forms of personal documentation relevant to refugees' freedom of movement, welfare and civil status, and to encourage the participation of refugee women as well as men in decisions relating to their voluntary repatriation or other durable solutions;
- Body
- Executive Committee of the Programme of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
- Document type
- ExCom Conclusion
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Men
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 1993
Paragraph
Protection of and assistance to internally displaced persons (2020), para. 13
- Original document
- Paragraph text
- Expressing particular concern also that many internally displaced persons, including women, men, girls and boys, do not receive the health care they require in all phases of displacement, including mental health care and psychosocial support,
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Boys
- Girls
- Men
- Persons on the move
- Women
Paragraph
Personal Security of Refugees 1993, para. (b)
- Paragraph text
- Urges States to take all measures necessary to prevent or remove threats to the personal security of refugees and asylum-seekers in border areas and elsewhere, including by affording UNHCR and, as appropriate, other organizations approved by the Governments concerned prompt and unhindered access to them, by situating refugee camps and settlements in secure locations, by ensuring the safety of vulnerable groups, by facilitating the issuance of personal documentation, and by involving the refugee community, both women and men, in the organization and administration of their camps and settlements;
- Body
- Executive Committee of the Programme of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
- Document type
- ExCom Conclusion
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Men
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 1993
Paragraph
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (2007), para. 18
- Original document
- Paragraph text
- 14. Acknowledges that forcibly displaced women and girls can be exposed to particular protection problems related to their gender, their cultural and socio- economic position, and their legal status, that they may be less likely than men and boys to be able to exercise their rights, and that, therefore, specific action in favour of women and girls may be necessary to ensure that they can enjoy protection and assistance on an equal basis with men and boys, and notes the important guidance provided in the Executive Committee conclusion on women and girls at risk to address issues of identification of those individuals and action to be taken in prevention and response;
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Movement
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Boys
- Girls
- Men
- Women
Paragraph
New Urban Agenda (2017), para. 067
- Original document
- Paragraph text
- 42. We support subnational and local governments, as appropriate, in fulfilling their key role in strengthening the interface among all relevant stakeholders, offering opportunities for dialogue, including through age- and gender-responsive approaches, and with particular attention to potential contributions from all segments of society, including men and women, children and youth, older persons and persons with disabilities, indigenous peoples and local communities, refugees, internally displaced persons and migrants, regardless of their migration status, without discrimination based on race, religion, ethnicity or socioeconomic status.
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Ethnic minorities
- Men
- Persons on the move
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Youth
Paragraph
Integration of a human rights-based approach in measures to discourage the demand that fosters all forms of exploitation of persons, especially women and children, and which leads to human trafficking 2013, para. 77
- Paragraph text
- A report by the Global Alliance against Traffic in Women states that "a human rights approach to trafficking is empty and meaningless if it does not place at the very core the voice and agency of trafficked and migrant women". Whilst measures to address demand must evidently also include consultation with men and children, a human rights-based approach to human trafficking must foreground the rights and wellbeing of those who have been trafficked, placing them and their views at the centre of discussions around measures to discourage demand. Genuine inclusion of the views and voices of those who have been trafficked assists in developing a proportionate response and reflecting the rights and desires of victims, as well as the inherent complexity of the issue. A consultative approach encourages the implementation of strategies focusing on the potential impact on such individuals, in keeping with international human rights principles around human trafficking. As the High Commissioner for Human Rights noted, a human rights-based approach "requires us to consider, at each and every stage, the impact that a law, policy, practice or measure may have on persons who have been trafficked and persons who are vulnerable to being trafficked".
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Men
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2013
Paragraph
Human rights of internally displaced persons in the context of the Post-2015 development agenda 2015, para. 62
- Paragraph text
- As women and mothers, poor and frequently from minorities, internally displaced women face multiple and intersectional challenges. Women are frequently separated from men in conflict-related displacement situations, sometimes permanently due to the death of men, or to men joining the armed conflict or being forced to flee the conflict without their families. Women also frequently have the primary responsibility of caring for children and the elderly and are less able to seek employment or income-generating activities. Despite these obstacles, internally displaced women frequently take on family and community leadership roles.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Men
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
Global trends in risks and threats facing human rights defenders 2015, para. 63
- Paragraph text
- In addition, women defenders complained of gaps in the responses of the various mechanisms and organizations that do not take men-women issues sufficiently into account (for instance, in resettlement programmes, from which families are often excluded). Women defenders likewise mentioned the need for them to be included from the outset in the preparation of programmes to protect them, in order to get away from a sometime paternalistic approach that plays down the challenges they face.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Families
- Men
- Women
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration (2019), para. 106
- Original document
- Paragraph text
- (e) Strengthen measures to reduce statelessness, including by registering migrants’ births, ensuring that women and men can equally confer their nationality on their children, and providing nationality to children born in another State ’s territory, especially in situations where a child would otherwise be stateless, fully respecting the human right to a nationality and in accordance with national legislation;
- Topic(s)
- Civil & Political Rights
- Movement
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Men
- Persons on the move
- Women
Paragraph
Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration (2019), para. 032
- Original document
- Paragraph text
- (g) Gender-responsive. The Global Compact ensures that the human rights of women, men, girls and boys are respected at all stages of migration, that their specifi c needs are properly understood and addressed and that they are empowered as agents of change. It mainstreams a gender perspective and promotes gender equality and the empowerment of all women and girls, recognizing their independence, agency and leadership in order to move away from addressing migrant women primarily through a lens of victimhood;
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Boys
- Girls
- Men
- Persons on the move
- Women
Paragraph
General Conclusion On International Protection 2004, para. (t)
- Paragraph text
- Acknowledges, consistent with UNHCR's Convention Plus initiative, the importance of comprehensive approaches, especially for the resolution of protracted and large-scale refugee situations, which incorporate, as appropriate and given the specifics of each refugee situation, voluntary repatriation, local integration and resettlement; encourages UNHCR, States and other relevant actors to pursue comprehensive arrangements for specific refugee situations that draw upon combinations of solutions; and notes that a community development approach, ensuring the participation of refugee men and women, and refugee children, as appropriate, contributes to the success of such solutions;
- Body
- Executive Committee of the Programme of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
- Document type
- ExCom Conclusion
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Men
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2004
Paragraph
Gender-related killings of women 2012, para. 66
- Paragraph text
- The growing sociopolitical phenomena of gangs, organized crime, drug dealers, human and drug trafficking chains, massive migration and the proliferation of small arms have had a devastating impact on women's lives, particularly in Mexico and Central America. The northern triangle of Central America has the highest rates of homicide in a non-conflict context. The rate of killings of men has been stable during the last decade, but there has been an increase in the rates of killings of women. In 2004 in Guatemala, murders of women increased 141 per cent, as opposed to 68 per cent for men; in El Salvador in 2006 murders of women increased 111 per cent, compared to 40 per cent for men; and in Honduras in 2007 murders of women increased 166 per cent, compared to 40 per cent for men.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Gender
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Men
- Women
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph