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A world fit for children 2002, para. 7.10
- Paragraph text
- [We hereby call upon all members of society to join us in a global movement that will help to build a world fit for children by upholding our commitment to the following principles and objectives:] Protect the Earth for children. We must safeguard our natural environment, with its diversity of life, its beauty and its resources, all of which enhance the quality of life, for present and future generations. We will give every assistance to protect children and minimize the impact of natural disasters and environmental degradation on them.
- Body
- United Nations General Assembly
- Document type
- Resolution
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2002
Paragraph
A world fit for children 2002, para. 26
- Paragraph text
- A number of environmental problems and trends, such as global warming, ozone layer depletion, air pollution, hazardous wastes, exposure to hazardous chemicals and pesticides, inadequate sanitation, poor hygiene, unsafe drinking water and food and inadequate housing, need to be addressed to ensure the health and well-being of children.
- Body
- United Nations General Assembly
- Document type
- Resolution
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2002
Paragraph
A world fit for children 2002, para. 28
- Paragraph text
- We will take measures to manage our natural resources and protect and conserve our environment in a sustainable manner. We will work to change unsustainable patterns of production and consumption, bearing in mind principles, including the principle that, in view of different contributions to global and environmental degradation, States have common but differentiated responsibilities. We will help to educate all children and adults to respect the natural environment for their health and well-being.
- Body
- United Nations General Assembly
- Document type
- Resolution
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2002
Paragraph
A world fit for children 2002, para. 37.3
- Paragraph text
- [To achieve these goals and targets, taking into account the best interests of the child, consistent with national laws, religious and ethical values and cultural backgrounds of the people, and in conformity with all human rights and fundamental freedoms, we will carry out the following strategies and actions:] Address effectively, for all individuals of appropriate age, the promotion of their healthy lives, including their reproductive and sexual health, consistent with the commitments and outcomes of recent United Nations conferences and summits, including the World Summit for Children, the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, the International Conference on Population and Development, the World Summit for Social Development and the Fourth World Conference on Women, their five-year reviews and reports.
- Body
- United Nations General Assembly
- Document type
- Resolution
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Women
- Year
- 2002
Paragraph
A world fit for children 2002, para. 37.25
- Paragraph text
- [To achieve these goals and targets, taking into account the best interests of the child, consistent with national laws, religious and ethical values and cultural backgrounds of the people, and in conformity with all human rights and fundamental freedoms, we will carry out the following strategies and actions:] Develop legislation policies and programmes, as appropriate, at the national level and enhance international cooperation to prevent, inter alia, the exposure of children to harmful environmental contaminants in the air, water, soil and food.
- Body
- United Nations General Assembly
- Document type
- Resolution
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2002
Paragraph
A world fit for children 2002, para. 57
- Paragraph text
- Bearing in mind that corporations must abide by national legislation, we encourage corporate social responsibility so that it contributes to social development goals and the well-being of children, inter alia, by: 1. Promoting increased corporate awareness of the interrelationship between social development and economic growth. 2. Providing a legal, economic and social policy framework that is just and stable to support and stimulate private sector initiatives aimed at achieving these goals. 3. Enhancing partnerships with business, trade unions and civil society at the national level in support of the goals of the Plan of Action. We urge the private sector to assess the impact of its policies and practices on children and to make the benefits of research and development in science, medical technology, health, food fortification, environmental protection, education and mass communication available to all children, particularly to those in greatest need.
- Body
- United Nations General Assembly
- Document type
- Resolution
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2002
Paragraph
Acroecology and the right to food 2011, para. 27
- Paragraph text
- The diversity of species on farms managed following agroecological principles, as well as in urban or peri-urban agriculture, is an important asset in this regard. For example, it has been estimated that indigenous fruits contribute on average about 42 per cent of the natural food-basket that rural households rely on in southern Africa. This is not only an important source of vitamins and other micronutrients, but it also may be critical for sustenance during lean seasons. Nutritional diversity, enabled by increased diversity in the field, is of particular importance to children and women.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Food & Nutrition
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Ethnic minorities
- Women
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living in the context of disaster settings 2012, para. 6
- Paragraph text
- Concerned that any deterioration in the general housing situation disproportionately affects persons living in conditions of poverty, low-income earners, women, children, persons belonging to minorities and indigenous peoples, migrants, internally displaced persons, tenants, the elderly and persons with disabilities, and increases the need for them to be supported against extreme natural disasters,
- Body
- United Nations Human Rights Council
- Document type
- Resolution
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Equality & Inclusion
- Humanitarian
- Poverty
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Ethnic minorities
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child 1990, para. 2b
- Paragraph text
- State Parties to the present Charter: shall take all necessary measures to trace and re-unite children with parents or relatives where separation is caused by internal and external displacement arising from armed conflicts or natural disasters.
- Body
- Organization of African Unity
- Document type
- Regional treaty
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Year
- 1990
Paragraph
African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child 1990, para. 2g
- Paragraph text
- The education of the child shall be directed to: the development of respect for the environment and natural resources;
- Body
- Organization of African Unity
- Document type
- Regional treaty
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Environment
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 1990
Paragraph
Agenda setting of the work of the Special Rapporteur 2015, para. 46
- Paragraph text
- The African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights, the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child, and the Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa provide the legal framework for combating trafficking in persons. Additionally, the Migration Policy Framework for Africa (2006) provides the overarching policy of the African Union on migration issues, including human trafficking. The Ouagadougou Action Plan to Combat Trafficking in Human Beings, Especially Women and Children (2006) provides specific recommendations to be implemented by regional economic communities and member States on prevention of trafficking, protection of victims of trafficking and prosecution of those involved in the crime of trafficking. Furthermore, the African Union Horn of Africa Initiative on Human Trafficking and Smuggling (Khartoum Declaration, 2014) focuses on, inter alia, areas such as addressing the social, economic, environmental, cultural, security and political factors that make people vulnerable to human trafficking.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
Agricultural technology for sustainable development (2020), para. 31
- Original document
- Paragraph text
- 3. Recognizes the important role of family farming and smallholder farming in contributing to the achievement of food security and improved nutrition and the role that family farms play in contributing to global food security, poverty eradication and sustainability, as well as job creation, and in ending chronic child malnutrition, and that agricultural technologies should be adapted to the needs of small - and medium-scale family farmers and combined with credit access for sustainable production and significant investment in rural infrastructure as well as the training and education of those who would most benefit from them;
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Food & Nutrition
- Poverty
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
Paragraph
Agriculture development, food security and nutrition (2019), para. 41
- Original document
- Paragraph text
- Expressing concern that climate change will disproportionately impact the most vulnerable people, especially women and children, and their livelihoods, ultimately putting hundreds of millions of people at risk, and that by 2050, the risk of hunge r and child malnutrition could increase by up to 20 per cent owing to climate change,
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Food & Nutrition
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Women
Paragraph
Agriculture development, food security and nutrition (2020), para. 40
- Original document
- Paragraph text
- Expressing concern that climate change will disproportionately impact people in vulnerable situations, especially women and children, and their livelihoods, ultimately putting hundreds of millions of people at risk, and that by 2050, the risk of hunger and child malnutrition could increase by up to 20 per cent owing to climate change,
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Food & Nutrition
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Women
Paragraph
Approach, vision and work methods 2014, para. 26
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur also intends to develop, through research and thematic studies, other issues that directly affect her mandate, such as the consequences and impact of sale and sexual exploitation on child victims and the development of adequate comprehensive care to facilitate their recovery and reintegration. In addition, she will conduct research on a problem that has been the focus of the mandate since its creation by the Commission on Human Rights in its resolution 1999/68, namely the sale of children for the purposes of illegal adoption. The Special Rapporteur also plans to present a thematic report on the demand factor underpinning the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography that will update the 2006 thematic report on the topic (E/CN.4/2006/67). While the Special Rapporteur intends to accord priority to thematic studies on those issues, she will also continue to cover and follow up on other thematic concerns addressed by her predecessors, such as the issue of sexual exploitation of children in travel and tourism, including in the context of major sports events, and the sale and sexual exploitation of children following humanitarian crises stemming from natural disasters and climate-related catastrophes.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Assistance in mine action (2004), para. 25
- Original document
- Paragraph text
- 3. Invites Member States to develop and support national programmes, where appropriate, in cooperation with the relevant bodies of the United Nations system and relevant regional, governmental and non-governmental organizations, to reduce the risks posed by landmines and other unexploded ordnance, including among women and children;
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Women
Paragraph
Banking on mobility over a generation: follow-up to the regional study on the management of the external borders of the European Union and its impact on the human rights of migrants 2015, para. 65
- Paragraph text
- The development of a human rights-based framework goes beyond protection at sea. Stepping up the creation of alternatives to detention, particularly for children, is another issue of concern that should also be a priority.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action 1995, para. 8
- Paragraph text
- The Platform for Action recognizes the importance of the agreements reached at the World Summit for Children, the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, the World Conference on Human Rights, the International Conference on Population and Development and the World Summit for Social Development, which set out specific approaches and commitments to fostering sustainable development and international cooperation and to strengthening the role of the United Nations to that end. Similarly, the Global Conference on the Sustainable Development of Small Island Developing States, the International Conference on Nutrition, the International Conference on Primary Health Care and the World Conference on Education for All have addressed the various facets of development and human rights, within their specific perspectives, paying significant attention to the role of women and girls. In addition, the International Year for the World's Indigenous People, the International Year of the Family, the United Nations Year for Tolerance, the Geneva Declaration for Rural Women, and the Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against Women have also emphasized the issues of women's empowerment and equality.
- Body
- Fourth World Conference on Women
- Document type
- Declaration / Confererence outcome document
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Ethnic minorities
- Girls
- Women
- Year
- 1995
Paragraph
Challenges and lessons in combating contemporary forms of slavery 2013, para. 20
- Paragraph text
- Another vulnerable group of workers are Pallaris, women who work outside the mines separating out minerals from piles of dirt. Interviews with in-country labour experts indicate that Pallaris generally lack formal work contracts, are paid at piece rates set by mineral brokers and must obtain authorization from the mine owners or administrators to work outside the mines. This authorization can be rescinded at any time, which makes Pallaris extremely vulnerable. Sometimes Pallaris are forced to provide sexual favours or do additional work to obtain or maintain their authorization. Children often work alongside their mothers or in the gold mines themselves. Children as young as 8 have been known to work underground with their fathers, small children are often sent down small mine shafts, and children are made to carry extremely heavy loads and exposed to toxic chemicals in gold extraction and processing.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Women
- Year
- 2013
Paragraph
Child and dependant care, including sharing of work and family responsibilities 1996, para. 17
- Paragraph text
- The burden of domestic work needs to be eased by making use of appropriate technologies to provide drinking water and an energy supply.
- Body
- Commission on the Status of Women
- Document type
- CSW Agreed Conclusions / Declaration
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Environment
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Year
- 1996
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 20j
- Paragraph text
- [Child participation mechanisms must operate in compliance with these international human rights principles and standards and ensure:] Regular and independent monitoring and evaluation of the quality, sustainability and accountability of mechanisms and practices;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child slavery in the artisanal mining and quarrying sector 2011, para. 16
- Paragraph text
- Small-scale mining and quarrying occurs in Africa, Asia, Latin America and Europe. As a result of the remoteness of mines and quarries and their informal and illegal nature, it is hard to provide exact statistics on the number of children working in this sector. Additionally, as in many other instances of contemporary forms of slavery, the victims are not visible. The International Labour Organization (ILO) estimates that there are at least 1 million children working in mining and quarrying whereas, the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) estimates that there are 1-2 million children working in artisanal small-scale mining alone. Although estimates of the number of children working in this sector may vary, what is clear is that the numbers are likely to increase as a result of higher prices and demand for minerals from the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development countries and emerging economies.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Child slavery in the artisanal mining and quarrying sector 2011, para. 41
- Paragraph text
- Artisanal mines are often based in remote places which make it easy for armed groups to control. For instance, in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, armed groups force both adults and accompanied and unaccompanied children to work in artisanal mines to extract minerals such as gold and coltan. Coltan is used in the manufacture of products such as mobile phones, laptops and rechargeable batteries. The minerals are then sold to fund the activities of the armed groups (A/HRC/13/63, para. 21).
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Environment
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Child slavery in the artisanal mining and quarrying sector 2011, para. 44
- Paragraph text
- The current financial crisis has seen demand in investments such as property fall and, with inflation on the rise and the lack of confidence in paper money, demand for gold has seen a huge increase. As of April 2011, the price of gold hit a record high of $1,466 per ounce. Additionally, the increased usage of mobile phones has resulted in the increased international demand and price for coltan. International demand for minerals leads families and children to "rush" to work in this sector because they see this as a quick way to informally make money (see A/HRC/18/51).
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Child slavery in the artisanal mining and quarrying sector 2011, para. 51
- Paragraph text
- Children often start performing the same tasks as adults more regularly and full time from the age of 12 years (see A/HRC/18/30/Add.1). By the time they are adolescents, children work in the actual extraction of minerals underground, underwater or on the surface. These children are also likely to work in the separation, processing and transportation of the minerals. The children face the same risks as adults but lack the same strength and judgement to protect themselves from harm. The effects that this work has on children are much more severe than for adults because of their anatomical, physiological and psychological development, which places them in a situation of increased vulnerability. Tools and safety equipment, when available, have been designed for adults and to correspond to the measurement of children. Children also work very long hours with little or no pay.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Adolescents
- Children
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Child slavery in the artisanal mining and quarrying sector 2011, para. 52
- Paragraph text
- Children working in the mines and quarries are vulnerable to physical, sexual, moral and social harm. Artisanal mining and quarrying is inherently informal and illegal -as either it costs too much to get the legal permit to mine or there is no need to get a permit as the law is not enforced. These "frontier communities" are riddled with violence, crime, trafficking in young girls and women for sexual exploitation, prostitution, drug and alcohol use (ibid.). There have been reports that children are given drugs so that they are able to fearlessly extract minerals underground or underwater. Children also take drugs and alcohol in the belief that it makes them stronger and as a result of peer pressure. The drug abuse (particularly amphetamines and marijuana) and alcohol (commercial and/or local brew) destroy their health and keep them in the vicious circle of poverty. Children who arrive alone to work in this sector are even more vulnerable to abuses (see A/HRC/18/30/Add.2).
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Environment
- Poverty
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Girls
- Women
- Youth
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Child slavery in the artisanal mining and quarrying sector 2011, para. 55
- Paragraph text
- Children working in mines are physically and economically exploited, as they are required to spend long hours in poorly lit and ventilated underground mines for little or no payment. When they are paid, children performing the same tasks as adults are paid less than adults. These makeshift mines may run to over 80 metres underground and, in some instances, can only accommodate the width of children who crawl to excavate the ore. Children also set explosives to blast rock underground and carry heavy loads of ore to the surface. Children who do not work inside a mine may be found digging for long hours in rivers beds, shifting through sand or silt and then carrying heavy loads of mud on their heads or backs for further processing. The long hours working outside, without proper clothing or shelter results in exposure to extreme heat, cold, dryness and moisture.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Environment
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Child slavery in the artisanal mining and quarrying sector 2011, para. 57
- Paragraph text
- Children working in this sector commonly suffer respiratory illnesses such as silicosis due to the inhaling of rock dust. Many children are injured, disabled and sometimes die as a result of: the collapse of mine walls or roofs; handling explosives or drilling equipment; and using crude tools. These health risks may occur immediately or long after the children have been working in this sector.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Child slavery in the artisanal mining and quarrying sector 2011, para. 58
- Paragraph text
- Children work without any training, safety equipment or protection. They are exposed to heat, noise, toxic metals and hazardous chemicals such as mercury and cyanide. Mercury is used in the extraction of gold in artisanal mining areas. As children are sometimes regarded as less suitable to labour intensive work, they are often given work in mercury amalgamation. As children do not wear any protective equipment, they absorb mercury through their hands and inhale it when it burns. The mercury impacts on: the nervous system of the child resulting in uncontrollable tremors - particularly in the face; their emotional well-being as they become prone to mood swings and irritability; their neuromuscular system leading to muscle atrophy, twitching, headaches and changes in nerve responses; and their cognitive functions are impaired. If exposed to higher levels of mercury, this affects the kidneys and can result in respiratory failure and death. Mercury has been found in the bodies of children working in artisanal gold mines in the Plurinational State of Bolivia, Ecuador, Indonesia, Peru, the United Republic of Tanzania and Zimbabwe.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Child slavery in the artisanal mining and quarrying sector 2011, para. 60
- Paragraph text
- Lead, the mineral, is also used in the extraction of gold and impacts on the neurological development of children. In 2010, the World Health Organization found lead poisoning in Nigerian children (some younger than 5 years) as a result of working directly in the extraction of gold and environmental lead contamination. Local villagers had noticed a high number of deaths and convulsions in young children, which is believed to be associated with the use of lead in gold-mining.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Youth
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph