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A human rights-based approach to the administration of criminal justice in cases of trafficking in persons 2012, para. 23
- Paragraph text
- Trafficked persons are often arrested, detained, charged and even prosecuted for such unlawful activities as entering illegally, working illegally or engaging in prostitution. The vulnerability of trafficked persons to such treatment is often directly linked to their situation: their identity documents may be forged or have been taken away from them, and the exploitative activities in which they are or have been engaged, such as prostitution, soliciting or begging, may be illegal in the State of destination. Criminalization is also possible in countries of origin, where returned victims of trafficking may be penalized for unlawful or unauthorized departure.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
A human rights-based approach to the administration of criminal justice in cases of trafficking in persons 2012, para. 27
- Paragraph text
- International bodies, including the Open-ended Interim Working Group on Trafficking in Persons, have confirmed non-prosecution of trafficked persons as the relevant international legal standard. The Recommended Principles and Guidelines on Human Rights and Human Trafficking also provide that trafficked persons "are not to be prosecuted for violations of immigration laws or for the activities they are involved in as a direct consequence of their situation as trafficked persons". Both the Human Rights Council and the General Assembly have made similar recommendations, as have regional bodies and instruments.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
A human rights-based approach to the administration of criminal justice in cases of trafficking in persons 2012, para. 35
- Paragraph text
- In response to Special Rapporteur's questionnaire on specific actions taken by Governments to facilitate quick and accurate identification of trafficking victims, numerous responses, in particular from Estonia, Finland, Georgia, Germany, Japan, Lithuania, Malta, the Netherlands, Romania, and Sweden, indicated that task force or agencies coordinating in country anti-trafficking work have organized specialized training sessions to enhance the capacity of front-line officers, especially the police, immigration, border guards and labour inspectors, to identify actual and potential trafficking victims and to make referrals to appropriate services. Most of the sessions were carried out in collaboration and/or with funding from international organizations, including IOM, ILO, UNODC, the European Union, the United States Agency for International Development, the Asia Regional Trafficking in Persons Project and the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency. Some Governments have gone even further to develop national referral mechanisms, standard operating procedures or brochures, manuals, handbooks and/or other tool kits to build capacity and raise awareness to facilitate rapid and accurate identification of victims.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
A human rights-based approach to the administration of criminal justice in cases of trafficking in persons 2012, para. 40
- Paragraph text
- Some States have introduced reflection and recovery periods in order to provide immediate support and protection to victims not conditional on cooperation with criminal justice processes. During these periods, trafficking victims receive assistance, including shelter, health care and legal advice to enable them to make informed decisions about whether to participate in the criminal justice process. Such periods of reflection have the added advantage of giving investigators and prosecutors time to gather evidence.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
A human rights-based approach to the administration of criminal justice in cases of trafficking in persons 2012, para. 89
- Paragraph text
- Laws and policies that do not contain adequate safeguards to prevent the prosecution of trafficking victims for status-related offences must be revised, in particular by taking steps to ensure that they are not prosecuted for offences related to their status as trafficked persons, including sex crimes, begging, working or immigration violations. In addition, it is important that States provide post-conviction remedies, such as the possibility to quash judgements for status-related offences.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
A more systematized and equitable response to internally displaced persons outside camps 2012, para. 20
- Paragraph text
- While common images of IDPs often portray them as living compactly in large camps, spontaneous informal settlements or collective IDP centres, the reality is that most IDPs live outside these clearly defined settings, or "outside camps". The expression IDPs outside camps in this report refers to IDPs who may live instead in a variety of settings or situations; they may be in urban, rural, or remote areas, renting, owning a housing, sharing a room, living with a host family, homeless, occupying a building or land that they do not own, or living in makeshift shelters and slums. A number of factors often result in the neglect and virtual "invisibility" of IDPs outside camps, thereby affecting their access to protection, assistance and durable solutions to their displacement. While the importance of the issue has gained increased recognition over the last several years, more concerted attention is necessary, including by the international community, in order to achieve a more equitable humanitarian response and lasting solutions for IDPs outside camps, as well as better support structures to communities which may be hosting them. Such an approach also ensures compliance with international law relating to IDPs, including international humanitarian and human rights law, regional instruments such as the Kampala Convention, and with international standards such as the Guiding Principles, which provide guarantees of non-discrimination and make no distinction between IDPs in or outside camps or other settings.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
A more systematized and equitable response to internally displaced persons outside camps 2012, para. 23
- Paragraph text
- An estimated 27.5 million people in the world today remain displaced within their own countries due to armed conflict, generalized violence and human rights violations. An additional 42 million were internally displaced due to sudden-onset natural disasters in the course of 2010. It is estimated that only a minority of these live in camp-like settings. Although camps have their own particular disadvantages (e.g. isolation from the community, dependency on external assistance) it has generally been considered easier to provide assistance to IDPs living in collective settlements than to those dispersed throughout the population. The former are more visible to authorities, easier to distinguish from the local population, and delivery of services is rendered logistically simpler than when communities are dispersed. In the case of persons displaced due to generalised violence and armed conflict, it has been found that "in countries where IDPs were living in both gathered and dispersed settings, national authorities and humanitarian actors were twice as likely to provide assistance and protection to IDPs in gathered settings than to those in dispersed settings".
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
A more systematized and equitable response to internally displaced persons outside camps 2012, para. 32
- Paragraph text
- During his recent country visit to Kenya in September 2011, the Special Rapporteur found that of an estimated 664,000 IDPs resulting from the 2007/2008 post-election violence in the country, over 300,000 had dispersed into the wider population (many in towns and cities) and neither been registered nor assisted by the State. Many displaced in previous cycles of displacement (e.g.1990s) in Kenya were also unassisted. While it is generally presumed that these IDPs found their own solution through host families and friends, the Special Rapporteur remains concerned that many of these IDPs, a large part of whom had already been poor, had seen their situation further deteriorate and could be living in urban slums or on the street. In this regard, the Special Rapporteur received reports of a significant increase in street children, many of whom were believed to be IDPs, in a number of large towns and cities since the 2007/2008 post- election violence.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
A more systematized and equitable response to internally displaced persons outside camps 2012, para. 43
- Paragraph text
- Improved and more systematized responses to IDPs outside camps, can also help address a number of other issues, including the precarious nature and protection problems raised by unmonitored and unassisted hosting arrangements such as those between IDPs and host families or friends. Highly or entirely dependent on the assistance and shelter provided by host families, certain groups of IDPs, such as vulnerable categories of women, children and the elderly, may be particularly at risk of a number of protection concerns, including abuse, exploitation, and sexual violence by their hosts. In this regard, this mandate has recommended the establishment of appropriate monitoring and ombuds-mechanisms, and other activities such as visits by social workers, working with local associations and counselling centres, and the establishment of a hotline, in order enhance the protection of IDPs living within host-family arrangements.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
A world fit for children 2002, para. 16
- Paragraph text
- We also recognize that a considerable number of children live without parental support, such as orphans, children living on the street, internally displaced and refugee children, children affected by trafficking and sexual and economic exploitation and children who are incarcerated. Special measures should be taken to support such children and the institutions, facilities and services that care for them, and to build and strengthen children’s own abilities to protect themselves.
- Body
- United Nations General Assembly
- Document type
- Resolution
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2002
Paragraph
A world fit for children 2002, para. 41
- Paragraph text
- Hundreds of millions of children are suffering and dying from war, violence, exploitation, neglect and all forms of abuse and discrimination. Around the world, children live under especially difficult circumstances – permanently disabled or seriously injured by armed conflict; internally displaced or driven from their countries as refugees; suffering from natural and man-made disasters, including such perils as exposure to radiation and dangerous chemicals; as children of migrant workers and other socially disadvantaged groups; as victims of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance. Trafficking, smuggling, physical and sexual exploitation and abduction, as well as the economic exploitation of children, even in its worst forms, are daily realities for children in all regions of the world, while domestic violence and sexual violence against women and children remain serious problems. In several countries, there have been social and humanitarian impacts from economic sanctions on the civilian population, in particular women and children.
- Body
- United Nations General Assembly
- Document type
- Resolution
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Humanitarian
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2002
Paragraph
Accelerating efforts to eliminate all forms of violence against women 2009, para. 4
- Paragraph text
- Deeply concerned that all forms of discrimination, including racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance and multiple or aggravated forms of discrimination and disadvantage, can lead to the particular targeting or vulnerability to violence of girls and some groups of women, such as women belonging to minority groups, indigenous women, refugee and internally displaced women, migrant women, women living in rural or remote communities, destitute women, women in institutions or in detention, women with disabilities, elderly women, widows and women in situations of armed conflict, women who are otherwise discriminated against, including on the basis of HIV status, and victims of commercial sexual exploitation,
- Body
- United Nations Human Rights Council
- Document type
- Resolution
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Humanitarian
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Ethnic minorities
- Girls
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2009
Paragraph
Accelerating efforts to eliminate all forms of violence against women and girls: preventing and responding to violence against women and girls in the world of work (2019), para. 26
- Paragraph text
- Stressing that laws addressing violence against women and girls are often of limited scope and may not cover many workplaces and contract statuses, such as those of temporary workers and domestic workers, including migrant domestic workers, as well as the informal sector and those working in conflict and post-conflict settings, and that gaps need to be addressed,
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Girls
- Persons on the move
- Women
Paragraph
Accelerating efforts to eliminate all forms of violence against women and girls: preventing and responding to violence against women and girls in the world of work (2019), para. 49
- Paragraph text
- (g) Adopting or strengthening measures to respect, protect and fulfil the human rights of all women and girls, including those engaged in unpaid work, working in the informal sector and in conflict and post-conflict settings, and domestic and migrant workers, to prevent discrimination and violence in the world of work;
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Girls
- Persons on the move
- Women
Paragraph
Accelerating efforts to eliminate all forms of violence against women: Eliminating domestic violence 2015, para. 13
- Paragraph text
- Recognizing the vulnerability of those who suffer multiple and intersecting forms of discrimination, such as older women, indigenous women, migrant women and women with disabilities, and the particular risk of violence they face, and stressing the urgent need to address violence and discrimination against them,
- Body
- United Nations Human Rights Council
- Document type
- Resolution
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Ethnic minorities
- Persons on the move
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
Accelerating efforts to eliminate all forms of violence against women: Ensuring due diligence in prevention 2010, para. 9
- Paragraph text
- Deeply concerned that all forms of discrimination, including racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance and multiple or aggravated forms of discrimination and disadvantage, can lead to the targeting or vulnerability to violence of some women and girls, including women belonging to minority groups, indigenous women, refugee and internally displaced women, stateless women, migrant women, women living in rural or remote communities, women living in slums and informal settlements, women living in conditions of poverty, women in institutions or in detention, women with disabilities, elderly women, widows and women in all situations of armed conflict, women who face trafficking, sexual or labour exploitation, and women who are otherwise discriminated against, including on the basis of their HIV/AIDS status,
- Body
- United Nations Human Rights Council
- Document type
- Resolution
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Humanitarian
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Ethnic minorities
- Girls
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Accelerating efforts to eliminate all forms of violence against women: ensuring due diligence in protection (2011), para. 27
- Original document
- Paragraph text
- (k) To ensure that mechanisms, services and procedures set up to protect women and girls facing violence are designed in a manner that addresses the targeted, compounded and structural discrimination that combines to increase the vulnerability of women and girls, including those belonging to minority groups, indigenous women, refugee and internally displaced women, stateless women, migrant women, women living in rural or remote communities, women living in slums and informal settlements, women living in conditions of poverty, women in institutions or in detention, women with disabilities, elderly women, widows and women in all situations of armed conflict, women who face trafficking, sexual or labour exploitation, and women who are otherwise discriminated against, including on the basis of their HIV/AIDS status;
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Humanitarian
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Ethnic minorities
- Girls
- Persons on the move
- Women
Paragraph
Accelerating efforts to eliminate all forms of violence against women: Ensuring due diligence in protection 2011, para. 5k
- Paragraph text
- [Underscores that States have the primary responsibility for protecting women and girls facing violence and, in this regard, urges States:] To ensure that mechanisms, services and procedures set up to protect women and girls facing violence are designed in a manner that addresses the targeted, compounded and structural discrimination that combines to increase the vulnerability of women and girls, including those belonging to minority groups, indigenous women, refugee and internally displaced women, stateless women, migrant women, women living in rural or remote communities, women living in slums and informal settlements, women living in conditions of poverty, women in institutions or in detention, women with disabilities, elderly women, widows and women in all situations of armed conflict, women who face trafficking, sexual or labour exploitation, and women who are otherwise discriminated against, including on the basis of their HIV/AIDS status;
- Body
- United Nations Human Rights Council
- Document type
- Resolution
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Ethnic minorities
- Girls
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Accelerating efforts to eliminate all forms of violence against women: preventing and responding to rape and other forms of sexual violence (2013), para. 33
- Original document
- Paragraph text
- 12. Stresses the need for States and relevant United Nations agencies to ensure that measures to provide protection to victims and witnesses of rape and other forms of sexual violence extend to and address the specific needs of those most vulnerable to these forms of violence, including indigenous, disabled, refugee and internally displaced women and girls, women in custody, women and girls forcibly recruited by armed forces and armed non-State actors, and trafficked women and girls, including those forced into sexual exploitation and slavery;
- Topic(s)
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Ethnic minorities
- Girls
- Persons on the move
- Women
Paragraph
Accelerating efforts to eliminate all forms of violence against women: Preventing and responding to rape and other forms of sexual violence 2013, para. 12
- Paragraph text
- Stresses the need for States and relevant United Nations agencies to ensure that measures to provide protection to victims and witnesses of rape and other forms of sexual violence extend to and address the specific needs of those most vulnerable to these forms of violence, including indigenous, disabled, refugee and internally displaced women and girls, women in custody, women and girls forcibly recruited by armed forces and armed non-State actors, and trafficked women and girls, including those forced into sexual exploitation and slavery;
- Body
- United Nations Human Rights Council
- Document type
- Resolution
- Topic(s)
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Ethnic minorities
- Girls
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2013
Paragraph
Accelerating efforts to eliminate all forms of violence against women: Preventing and responding to violence against women and girls, including indigenous women and girls 2016, para. 17
- Paragraph text
- Recognizing also the increased vulnerability of those who are subject to multiple and intersecting forms of discrimination, such as older women, indigenous women, migrant women and women with disabilities, and the particular risk of violence they face, and stressing the urgent need to address violence and discrimination against them,
- Body
- United Nations Human Rights Council
- Document type
- Resolution
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Ethnic minorities
- Girls
- Persons on the move
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Year
- 2016
Paragraph
Accelerating efforts to eliminate all forms of violence against women: Violence against women as a barrier to women’s political and economic empowerment 2014, para. 17
- Paragraph text
- Recognizing that indigenous women and girls, women and girls with disabilities, older women, women migrants and minorities often experience multiple forms of discrimination, which may increase their vulnerability to all forms of violence and limit their ability to participate in, contribute to and enjoy economic, social, cultural and political autonomy,
- Body
- United Nations Human Rights Council
- Document type
- Resolution
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Ethnic minorities
- Girls
- Persons on the move
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Achieving durable solutions for internally displaced persons in urban settings 2014, para. 34
- Paragraph text
- Internally displaced persons in informal urban settlements typically reside in makeshift shelters, where they are barely protected from intruders and are exposed to the risk of sexual and gender-based violence. Urban displacement leads to changes in gender relations, thereby increasing risks of domestic violence, sexual and gender-based violence, survival sex, exploitation and forced labour. Access to protection and assistance for internally displaced women is vital.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Gender
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Acts of sexual violence against civilians in armed conflicts 2008, para. 10
- Paragraph text
- Requests the Secretary-General and relevant United Nations agencies, inter alia, through consultation with women and women-led organizations as appropriate, to develop effective mechanisms for providing protection from violence, including in particular sexual violence, to women and girls in and around UN managed refugee and internally displaced persons camps, as well as in all disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration processes, and in justice and security sector reform efforts assisted by the United Nations;
- Body
- United Nations Security Council
- Document type
- Resolution
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Girls
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2008
Paragraph
Adequacy of the international legal framework on violence against women 2017, para. 53
- Paragraph text
- Another key aspect was secondary protection for women and girls after violence had taken place to avoid further violence and secondary victimization. In that regard, there should be accessible shelters and durable housing solutions, especially for indigenous women and women in rural areas. In addition, the reception of refugee and migrant women needed to be in facilities which were safe (where they would not be mixed with men and therefore in danger).
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Girls
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2017
Paragraph
African Union Convention for the Protection and Assistance of Internally Displaced Persons in Africa (Kampala Convention) 2009, para. 1d
- Paragraph text
- States Parties shall protect the rights of internally displaced persons regardless of the cause of displacement by refraining from, and preventing, the following acts, amongst others: Sexual and gender based violence in all its forms, notably rape, enforced prostitution, sexual exploitation and harmful practices, slavery, recruitment of children and their use in hostilities, forced labour and human trafficking and smuggling; and
- Body
- African Union
- Document type
- Regional treaty
- Topic(s)
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2009
Paragraph
African Union Convention for the Protection and Assistance of Internally Displaced Persons in Africa (Kampala Convention) 2009, para. 5c
- Paragraph text
- Members of armed groups shall be prohibited from: c. Denying internally displaced persons the right to live in satisfactory conditions of dignity, security, sanitation, food, water, health and shelter; and separating members of the same family;
- Body
- African Union
- Document type
- Regional treaty
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2009
Paragraph
African Union Convention for the Protection and Assistance of Internally Displaced Persons in Africa (Kampala Convention) 2009, para. 5f
- Paragraph text
- Members of armed groups shall be prohibited from: f. Forcibly recruiting persons, kidnapping, abduction or hostage taking, engaging in sexual slavery and trafficking in persons especially women and children;
- Body
- African Union
- Document type
- Regional treaty
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2009
Paragraph
African Union Convention for the Protection and Assistance of Internally Displaced Persons in Africa (Kampala Convention) 2009, para. k
- Paragraph text
- For the purpose of the present Convention: k. "Internally Displaced Persons" means persons or groups of persons who have been forced or obliged to flee or to leave their homes or places of habitual residence, in particular as a result of or in order to avoid the effects of armed conflict, situations of generalized violence, violations of human rights or natural or human-made disasters, and who have not crossed an internationally recognized State border;
- Body
- African Union
- Document type
- Regional treaty
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2009
Paragraph
Agenda setting of the work of the Special Rapporteur 2015, para. 11
- Paragraph text
- Trafficking in persons, especially women and children, is a multifaceted issue that is often interlinked with so-called mixed migration flows, encompassing various categories of persons on the move, including refugees, asylum seekers, economic migrants and other migrants travelling, mostly in an irregular manner, along similar routes, using similar means of travel, but for different reasons. Trafficking victims do not necessarily immediately enter the mixed migration flow process as trafficked persons, but might become trafficked during their journey or when they reach a transit or destination country. Their migration might often have started out through smuggling, but then have turned into trafficking at a later stage. Initial consent to a migration project, be it regular or irregular, does not imply that a case has necessarily to be qualified as smuggling. Rather, when migrants are placed in abusive and exploitative situations during their journey or at their destination, and when their rights are drastically limited or completely denied, the case in question has to be qualified as trafficking in persons.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph