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Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms 1950, para. 3c
- Paragraph text
- 3. For the purpose of this article the term "forced or compulsory labour" shall not include: c. any service exacted in case of an emergency or calamity threatening the life or well-being of the community;
- Body
- Council of Europe
- Document type
- Regional treaty
- Person(s) affected
- All
- N.A.
- Year
- 1950
- Paragraph type
- Article
Paragraph
American Convention on Human Rights 1969, para. 3d
- Paragraph text
- 3. For the purposes of this article, the following do not constitute forced or compulsory labor: d. work or service that forms part of normal civic obligations.
- Body
- Organization of American States
- Document type
- Regional treaty
- Person(s) affected
- All
- N.A.
- Year
- 1969
- Paragraph type
- Article
Paragraph
Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms 1950, para. 3b
- Paragraph text
- 3. For the purpose of this article the term "forced or compulsory labour" shall not include: b. any service of a military character or, in case of conscientious objectors in countries where they are recognised, service exacted instead of compulsory military service;
- Body
- Council of Europe
- Document type
- Regional treaty
- Person(s) affected
- All
- N.A.
- Year
- 1950
- Paragraph type
- Article
Paragraph
Universal Declaration of Human Rights 1948, para. undefined
- Paragraph text
- No one shall be held in slavery or servitude; slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their forms.
- Body
- United Nations General Assembly
- Document type
- Declaration / Confererence outcome document
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 1948
- Paragraph type
- Article
Paragraph
Strengthening voluntary standards for businesses on preventing and combating trafficking in persons and labour exploitation, especially in supply chains 2017, para. 66g
- Paragraph text
- [Criteria and indicators should be strengthened in accordance with the benchmarks and indicators for ensuring trafficking-free supply chains proposed by the Special Rapporteur (A/HRC/23/48/Add.4, appendix I) and should include at a minimum the following indicators:] Workers are paid in legal tender and provided written, itemized pay slips or receipts in a language they understand, indicating wage rates, hours worked, total pay and any legally authorized deductions made by the employer;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2017
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Challenges and lessons in combating contemporary forms of slavery 2013, para. 88d
- Paragraph text
- [Governments should also ensure that other institutions and stakeholders are appropriately resourced and trained to detect, report and prosecute cases, including by providing:] Providing victims with free legal assistance, compensation, social protection, and long-term strategies for community and labour-market reintegration, including vocational training and job placement services.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2013
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Regional and subregional cooperation in promoting a human rights-based approach to combatting trafficking in persons 2010, para. 122
- Paragraph text
- [Regional mechanisms should carry out the activities set out in the following paragraphs, which have a specific added value:] Conduct studies and develop recommendations on how to address the challenges posed by the increasing use of communications technologies such as the Internet to channel demand and recruit victims.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Person(s) affected
- All
- N.A.
- Year
- 2010
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Debt bondage as a key form of contemporary slavery 2016, para. B.
- Paragraph text
- [Recommendations to Member States:] Put in place comprehensive programmes that allow identified bonded labourers to be able to access the support that they need to fulfil their right to rehabilitation.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
The right to mental health 2017, para. 89
- Paragraph text
- There are already promising initiatives in place throughout the world, including in low- and middle-income countries, which challenge the status quo. Creating the space, through strong political leadership and resources, to enable those practices to take shape in communities is a powerful means to promote and advance the changes needed.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Person(s) affected
- All
- N.A.
- Year
- 2017
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
SRSG on violence against children: Annual report 2012, para. 110
- Paragraph text
- The Special Representative looks forward to continuing to collaborate closely with Member States and all other stakeholders in the further strengthening of this crucial agenda to help build a world where violence has no place.
- Body
- Special Representative of the Secretary-General on violence against children
- Document type
- SRSG report
- Person(s) affected
- All
- N.A.
- Year
- 2012
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Post conflict and post disaster reconstruction and the right to adequate housing 2011, para. 67
- Paragraph text
- In post-conflict and post-disaster situations mechanisms should be put in place to monitor violations of the right to adequate housing, including forced evictions. Victims of such violations should be entitled to legal remedies and have access to justice.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2011
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Strengthening voluntary standards for businesses on preventing and combating trafficking in persons and labour exploitation, especially in supply chains 2017, para. 91
- Paragraph text
- Companies should review and modify purchasing practices that could have a negative impact on the workplace conditions of their suppliers, including the setting of delivery deadlines that will expose workers to non-voluntary overtime or force suppliers to hire workers for peak periods under worse working conditions or through employment agencies.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Person(s) affected
- All
- N.A.
- Year
- 2017
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Minorities and discrimination based on caste and analogous systems of inherited status 2016, para. 76
- Paragraph text
- In Nepal, in the agricultural sector, Haliyas ("ones who plough") are labourers effectively caught in a debt bondage system. They plough the land, a task considered dirty. They are often forced to take out loans from landowners to cover personal expenses and are charged exorbitant rates of interest, making their debts extremely difficult to pay back and effectively trapping them in a never-ending cycle of submission. According to civil society reports, despite criminalization by the Government in 2010, the practice still persists and there is currently no legislation in place for the rehabilitation of Haliyas.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Challenges and lessons in combating contemporary forms of slavery 2013, para. 16
- Paragraph text
- In Nepal, a debt bondage system, the labourers of which are known as Haliyas, can be found in the agricultural sector. Haliya means "one who ploughs". Ploughing land is considered to be dirty and unskilled work that only lower-class citizens should perform, making it the work of "untouchables" or Dalits. Haliyas are either paid very little for their work or paid only in small amounts of food. Debt quickly accrues as workers take out loans for personal expenses, while landowners take advantage of them by charging exorbitant interest rates. According to a Centre for Human Rights and Global Justice report, "such discrimination is intentionally designed to keep alive a system of debt bondage".
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2013
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Integration of a human rights-based approach in measures to discourage the demand that fosters all forms of exploitation of persons, especially women and children, and which leads to human trafficking 2013, para. 67
- Paragraph text
- Even businesses which invest significant amounts in checking their supply chains suffer from the fact that there is no internationally recognized standard for the process of checking whether minimum labour standards and human rights standards are respected in the workplace. It is challenging for other businesses and individual consumers to assess whether the cheap cost of a product was due to good business management or due to abuse in the production process. It is the responsibility of the State (in addition to being the responsibility of employers, business owners and investors) to ensure that keeping production costs and wage bills to a minimum is not achieved by illegal or abusive means.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2013
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Peasants and Other People Working in Rural Areas 2018, para. 10. (2) (c)
- Paragraph text
- [Meanwhile, where forced or compulsory labour is exacted as a tax, and where recourse is had to forced or compulsory labour for the execution of public works by chiefs who exercise administrative functions, the authority concerned shall first satisfy itself] that the work or service will not lay too heavy a burden upon the present population, having regard to the labour available and its capacity to undertake the work;
- Body
- United Nations Human Rights Council
- Document type
- Resolution
- Person(s) affected
- All
- N.A.
- Year
- 2018
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Preventing and addressing violence and atrocities against minorities 2014, para. 69
- Paragraph text
- The creation of community or neighbourhood watch and early warning mechanisms that enable at-risk communities to identify threats and quickly contact law enforcement authorities is another measure that has been put in place, including in Nigeria where violence and intercommunal tensions have been present. Having local "eyes and ears" to report potential incidents offers valuable, community-based, early warning potential, although it remains reliant on a rapid response by law enforcement bodies to alerts if it is to be effective.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Person(s) affected
- All
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Manifestations and causes of domestic servitude 2010, para. 75
- Paragraph text
- Many States do not afford domestic workers the equal protection of labour law, which invites exploitation, leading, in extreme cases, to domestic servitude. In a number of States, domestic work is excluded from the scope of application of relevant labour laws. At best, parallel regimes are set up that provide lesser standards of protection. It is very common to exclude domestic workers from essential social benefits such as health care, compensation in case of invalidity, pensions or maternity leave and labour rights such as paid vacations, rest days or maximum work hours.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2010
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Peasants and Other People Working in Rural Areas 2018, para. 2. (1)
- Paragraph text
- For the purposes of this Convention the term forced or compulsory labour shall mean all work or service which is exacted from any person under the menace of any penalty and for which the said person has not offered himself voluntarily.
- Body
- United Nations Human Rights Council
- Document type
- Resolution
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2018
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Peasants and Other People Working in Rural Areas 2018, para. 12. (2)
- Paragraph text
- Every person from whom forced or compulsory labour is exacted shall be furnished with a certificate indicating the periods of such labour which he has completed.
- Body
- United Nations Human Rights Council
- Document type
- Resolution
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2018
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Peasants and Other People Working in Rural Areas 2018, para. 13. (1)
- Paragraph text
- The normal working hours of any person from whom forced or compulsory labour is exacted shall be the same as those prevailing in the case of voluntary labour, and the hours worked in excess of the normal working hours shall be remunerated at the rates prevailing in the case of overtime for voluntary labour.
- Body
- United Nations Human Rights Council
- Document type
- Resolution
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2018
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Peasants and Other People Working in Rural Areas 2018, para. 13. (2)
- Paragraph text
- A weekly day of rest shall be granted to all persons from whom forced or compulsory labour of any kind is exacted and this day shall coincide as far as possible with the day fixed by tradition or custom in the territories or regions concerned.
- Body
- United Nations Human Rights Council
- Document type
- Resolution
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2018
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Peasants and Other People Working in Rural Areas 2018, para. 14. (1)
- Paragraph text
- With the exception of the forced or compulsory labour provided for in Article 10 of this Convention, forced or compulsory labour of all kinds shall be remunerated in cash at rates not less than those prevailing for similar kinds of work either in the district in which the labour is employed or in the district from which the labour is recruited, whichever may be the higher.
- Body
- United Nations Human Rights Council
- Document type
- Resolution
- Person(s) affected
- All
- N.A.
- Year
- 2018
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Peasants and Other People Working in Rural Areas 2018, para. 11. (1) (a)
- Paragraph text
- [Only adult able-bodied males who are of an apparent age of not less than 18 and not more than 45 years may be called upon for forced or compulsory labour. Except in respect of the kinds of labour provided for in Article 10 of this Convention, the following limitations and conditions shall apply:] (a) whenever possible prior determination by a medical officer appointed by the administration that the persons concerned are not suffering from any infectious or contagious disease and that they are physically fit for the work required and for the conditions under which it is to be carried out;
- Body
- United Nations Human Rights Council
- Document type
- Resolution
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2018
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Peasants and Other People Working in Rural Areas 2018, para. 9 (c)
- Paragraph text
- [Except as otherwise provided for in Article 10 of this Convention, any authority competent to exact forced or compulsory labour shall, before deciding to have recourse to such labour, satisfy itself] that it has been impossible to obtain voluntary labour for carrying out the work or rendering the service by the offer of rates of wages and conditions of labour not less favourable than those prevailing in the area concerned for similar work or service; and
- Body
- United Nations Human Rights Council
- Document type
- Resolution
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2018
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Peasants and Other People Working in Rural Areas 2018, para. 9 (d)
- Paragraph text
- [Except as otherwise provided for in Article 10 of this Convention, any authority competent to exact forced or compulsory labour shall, before deciding to have recourse to such labour, satisfy itself] that the work or service will not lay too heavy a burden upon the present population, having regard to the labour available and its capacity to undertake the work.
- Body
- United Nations Human Rights Council
- Document type
- Resolution
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2018
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Mapping and framing security of tenure 2013, para. 10
- Paragraph text
- The United Nations Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat) provides data on "slums", the word it has adopted to define such settlements. One UN-Habitat study estimated that 924 million people were living in slums in 2001; an estimate for 2010 placed the number at about 828 million. However, by 2010 tenure security was not taken into account in the UN-Habitat measurements of slums, hence the latter figure offers only a very small insight into the current extent of tenure insecurity in urban areas. Similarly, the revised indicator for the Millennium Development Goal target of improving the lives of 100 million slum dwellers (7 (d)) does not include security of tenure. While this particular target was reached, the question remains as to whether this result reflects the real situation of slums and informal settlements worldwide. Developing effective ways to measure tenure (in)security is an urgent imperative, including for the Millennium Development Goals and the United Nations development agenda beyond 2015.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2013
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Minorities and discrimination based on caste and analogous systems of inherited status 2016, para. 73
- Paragraph text
- This rigid and stratified allocation of work results in Dalits having not only limited job opportunities, but also lower wages, particularly in rural areas.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Peasants and Other People Working in Rural Areas 2018, para. 19. (2)
- Paragraph text
- 2. Nothing in this Article shall be construed as abrogating the obligation on members of a community, where production is organised on a communal basis by virtue of law or custom and where the produce or any profit accruing from the sale thereof remain the property of the community, to perform the work demanded by the community by virtue of law or custom.
- Body
- United Nations Human Rights Council
- Document type
- Resolution
- Person(s) affected
- All
- N.A.
- Year
- 2018
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Peasants and Other People Working in Rural Areas 2018, para. 5. (1)
- Paragraph text
- No concession granted to private individuals, companies or associations shall involve any form of forced or compulsory labour for the production or the collection of products which such private individuals, companies or associations utilise or in which they trade.
- Body
- United Nations Human Rights Council
- Document type
- Resolution
- Person(s) affected
- All
- N.A.
- Year
- 2018
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph