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ICESCR - International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights 1966, para. undefined
- Paragraph text
- Nothing in the present Covenant shall be interpreted as impairing the inherent right of all peoples to enjoy and utilize fully and freely their natural wealth and resources.
- Body
- United Nations General Assembly
- Document type
- International treaty
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 1966
Paragraph
ICESCR - International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights 1966, para. 2b
- Paragraph text
- [2. The steps to be taken by the States Parties to the present Covenant to achieve the full realization of this right shall include those necessary for:] (b) The improvement of all aspects of environmental and industrial hygiene;
- Body
- United Nations General Assembly
- Document type
- International treaty
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Health
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 1966
Paragraph
ICESCR - International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights 1966, para. 2
- Paragraph text
- 2. All peoples may, for their own ends, freely dispose of their natural wealth and resources without prejudice to any obligations arising out of international economic co-operation, based upon the principle of mutual benefit, and international law. In no case may a people be deprived of its own means of subsistence.
- Body
- United Nations General Assembly
- Document type
- International treaty
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 1966
Paragraph
ICCPR - International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights 1966, para. undefined
- Paragraph text
- Nothing in the present Covenant shall be interpreted as impairing the inherent right of all peoples to enjoy and utilize fully and freely their natural wealth and resources.
- Body
- United Nations General Assembly
- Document type
- International treaty
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 1966
Paragraph
African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights (Banjul Charter) 1981, para. 2
- Paragraph text
- Colonized or oppressed peoples shall have the right to free themselves from the bonds of domination by resorting to any means recognized by the international community.
- Body
- Organization of African Unity
- Document type
- Regional treaty
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 1981
Paragraph
African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights (Banjul Charter) 1981, para. 1
- Paragraph text
- All peoples shall freely dispose of their wealth and natural resources. This right shall be exercised in the exclusive interest of the people. In no case shall a people be deprived of it
- Body
- Organization of African Unity
- Document type
- Regional treaty
- Topic(s)
- Civil & Political Rights
- Environment
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 1981
Paragraph
African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights (Banjul Charter) 1981, para. 4
- Paragraph text
- State Parties to the present Charter shall individually and collectively exercise the right to free disposal of their wealth and natural resources with a view to strengthening African Unity and solidarity.
- Body
- Organization of African Unity
- Document type
- Regional treaty
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 1981
Paragraph
African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights (Banjul Charter) 1981, para. undefined
- Paragraph text
- All peoples shall have the right to a general satisfactory environment favourable to their development.
- Body
- Organization of African Unity
- Document type
- Regional treaty
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 1981
Paragraph
African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights (Banjul Charter) 1981, para. 3
- Paragraph text
- The free disposal of wealth and natural resources shall be exercised without prejudice to the obligation of promoting international economic cooperation based on mutual respect, equitable exchange and the principles of international law.
- Body
- Organization of African Unity
- Document type
- Regional treaty
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 1981
Paragraph
African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights (Banjul Charter) 1981, para. 5
- Paragraph text
- State Parties to the present Charter shall undertake to eliminate all forms of foreign exploitation particularly that practised by international monopolies so as to enable their peoples to fully benefit from the advantages derived from their national resources.
- Body
- Organization of African Unity
- Document type
- Regional treaty
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 1981
Paragraph
Article 1: The right to self-determination of peoples 1984, para. 5
- Paragraph text
- Paragraph 2 affirms a particular aspect of the economic content of the right of self determination, namely the right of peoples, for their own ends, freely to "dispose of their natural wealth and resources without prejudice to any obligations arising out of international economic cooperation, based upon the principle of mutual benefit, and international law. In no case may a people be deprived of its own means of subsistence". This right entails corresponding duties for all States and the international community. States should indicate any factors or difficulties which prevent the free disposal of their natural wealth and resources contrary to the provisions of this paragraph and to what extent that affects the enjoyment of other rights set forth in the Covenant.
- Body
- Human Rights Committee
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 1984
Paragraph
Article 6: The right to life 1985, para. 3
- Paragraph text
- While remaining deeply concerned by the toll of human life taken by conventional weapons in armed conflicts, the Committee has noted that, during successive sessions of the General Assembly, representatives from all geographical regions have expressed their growing concern at the development and proliferation of increasingly awesome weapons of mass destruction, which not only threaten human life but also absorb resources that could otherwise be used for vital economic and social purposes, particularly for the benefit of developing countries, and thereby for promoting and securing the enjoyment of human rights for all.
- Body
- Human Rights Committee
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 1985
Paragraph
Article 6: The right to life 1985, para. 6
- Paragraph text
- The production, testing, possession, deployment and use of nuclear weapons should be prohibited and recognized as crimes against humanity.
- Body
- Human Rights Committee
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 1985
Paragraph
Additional Protocol to the American Convention on Human Rights in the Area of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights “Protocol of San Salvador” 1988, para. 1
- Paragraph text
- 1. Everyone shall have the right to live in a healthy environment and to have access to basic public services.
- Body
- Organization of American States
- Document type
- Regional treaty
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 1988
Paragraph
Additional Protocol to the American Convention on Human Rights in the Area of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights “Protocol of San Salvador” 1988, para. 2
- Paragraph text
- 2. The States Parties shall promote the protection, preservation, and improvement of the environment.
- Body
- Organization of American States
- Document type
- Regional treaty
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 1988
Paragraph
CRC - Convention on the Rights of the Child 1989, para. 2c
- Paragraph text
- [2. States Parties shall pursue full implementation of this right and, in particular, shall take appropriate measures:] (c) To combat disease and malnutrition, including within the framework of primary health care, through, inter alia, the application of readily available technology and through the provision of adequate nutritious foods and clean drinking-water, taking into consideration the dangers and risks of environmental pollution;
- Body
- United Nations General Assembly
- Document type
- International treaty
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Health
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 1989
Paragraph
The right to adequate housing 1991, para. 8d
- Paragraph text
- [Thus the concept of adequacy is particularly significant in relation to the right to housing since it serves to underline a number of factors which must be taken into account in determining whether particular forms of shelter can be considered to constitute "adequate housing" for the purposes of the Covenant. While adequacy is determined in part by social, economic, cultural, climatic, ecological and other factors, the Committee believes that it is nevertheless possible to identify certain aspects of the right that must be taken into account for this purpose in any particular context. They include the following:] Habitability. Adequate housing must be habitable, in terms of providing the inhabitants with adequate space and protecting them from cold, damp, heat, rain, wind or other threats to health, structural hazards, and disease vectors. The physical safety of occupants must be guaranteed as well. The Committee encourages States parties to comprehensively apply the Health Principles of Housing prepared by WHO which view housing as the environmental factor most frequently associated with conditions for disease in epidemiological analyses; i.e. inadequate and deficient housing and living conditions are invariably associated with higher mortality and morbidity rates;
- Body
- Committee on Social, Economic and Cultural Rights
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 1991
Paragraph
Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population and Development 1994, para. 12.23
- Paragraph text
- Policy-oriented research, at the national and international levels, should be undertaken on areas beset by population pressures, poverty, over-consumption patterns, destruction of ecosystems and degradation of resources, giving particular attention to the interactions between those factors. Research should also be done on the development and improvement of methods with regard to sustainable food production and crop and livestock systems in both developed and developing countries.
- Body
- International Conference on Population and Development
- Document type
- Declaration / Confererence outcome document
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Food & Nutrition
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- All
- N.A.
- Year
- 1994
Paragraph
Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population and Development 1994, para. 3.9
- Paragraph text
- To achieve sustainable development and a higher quality of life for all people, Governments should reduce and eliminate unsustainable patterns of production and consumption and promote appropriate demographic policies. Developed countries should take the lead in achieving sustainable consumption patterns and effective waste management.
- Body
- International Conference on Population and Development
- Document type
- Declaration / Confererence outcome document
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 1994
Paragraph
Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population and Development 1994, para. 1.11
- Paragraph text
- Intensified efforts are needed in the coming 5, 10 and 20 years, in a range of population and development activities, bearing in mind the crucial contribution that early stabilization of the world population would make towards the achievement of sustainable development. The present Programme of Action addresses all those issues, and more, in a comprehensive and integrated framework designed to improve the quality of life of the current world population and its future generations. The recommendations for action are made in a spirit of consensus and international cooperation, recognizing that the formulation and implementation of population-related policies is the responsibility of each country and should take into account the economic, social and environmental diversity of conditions in each country, with full respect for the various religious and ethical values, cultural backgrounds and philosophical convictions of its people, as well as the shared but differentiated responsibilities of all the world's people for a common future.
- Body
- International Conference on Population and Development
- Document type
- Declaration / Confererence outcome document
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 1994
Paragraph
Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population and Development 1994, para. 6
- Paragraph text
- Sustainable development as a means to ensure human well-being, equitably shared by all people today and in the future, requires that the interrelationships between population, resources, the environment and development should be fully recognized, properly managed and brought into harmonious, dynamic balance. To achieve sustainable development and a higher quality of life for all people, States should reduce and eliminate unsustainable patterns of production and consumption and promote appropriate policies, including population-related policies, in order to meet the needs of current generations without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
- Body
- International Conference on Population and Development
- Document type
- Declaration / Confererence outcome document
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 1994
Paragraph
Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population and Development 1994, para. 3.14
- Paragraph text
- Efforts to slow down population growth, to reduce poverty, to achieve economic progress, to improve environmental protection, and to reduce unsustainable consumption and production patterns are mutually reinforcing. Slower population growth has in many countries bought more time to adjust to future population increases. This has increased those countries' ability to attack poverty, protect and repair the environment, and build the base for future sustainable development. Even the difference of a single decade in the transition to stabilization levels of fertility can have a considerable positive impact on quality of life.
- Body
- International Conference on Population and Development
- Document type
- Declaration / Confererence outcome document
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Poverty
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 1994
Paragraph
Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population and Development 1994, para. 9.8
- Paragraph text
- Governments should strengthen their capacities to respond to the pressures caused by rapid urbanization by revising and reorienting the agencies and mechanisms for urban management as necessary and ensuring the wide participation of all population groups in planning and decision-making on local development. Particular attention should be paid to land management in order to ensure economical land use, protect fragile ecosystems and facilitate the access of the poor to land in both urban and rural areas.
- Body
- International Conference on Population and Development
- Document type
- Declaration / Confererence outcome document
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 1994
Paragraph
Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population and Development 1994, para. 9.2a
- Paragraph text
- [The objectives are:] To foster a more balanced spatial distribution of the population by promoting in an integrated manner the equitable and ecologically sustainable development of major sending and receiving areas, with particular emphasis on the promotion of economic, social and gender equity based on respect for human rights, especially the right to development;
- Body
- International Conference on Population and Development
- Document type
- Declaration / Confererence outcome document
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 1994
Paragraph
Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population and Development 1994, para. 3.1
- Paragraph text
- The everyday activities of all human beings, communities and countries are interrelated with population change, patterns and levels of use of natural resources, the state of the environment, and the pace and quality of economic and social development. There is general agreement that persistent widespread poverty as well as serious social and gender inequities have significant influences on, and are in turn influenced by, demographic parameters such as population growth, structure and distribution. There is also general agreement that unsustainable consumption and production patterns are contributing to the unsustainable use of natural resources and environmental degradation as well as to the reinforcement of social inequities and of poverty with the above- mentioned consequences for demographic parameters. The Rio Declaration on Environment and Development and Agenda 21, adopted by the international community at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, call for patterns of development that reflect the new understanding of these and other intersectoral linkages. Recognizing the longer term realities and implications of current actions, the development challenge is to meet the needs of present generations and improve their quality of life without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
- Body
- International Conference on Population and Development
- Document type
- Declaration / Confererence outcome document
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Poverty
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 1994
Paragraph
Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population and Development 1994, para. 3.26
- Paragraph text
- Pressure on the environment may result from rapid population growth, distribution and migration, especially in ecologically vulnerable ecosystems. Urbanization and policies that do not recognize the need for rural development also create environmental problems.
- Body
- International Conference on Population and Development
- Document type
- Declaration / Confererence outcome document
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 1994
Paragraph
Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population and Development 1994, para. 3.22
- Paragraph text
- The international community should continue to promote a supportive economic environment, particularly for developing countries and countries with economies in transition in their attempt to eradicate poverty and achieve sustained economic growth in the context of sustainable development. In the context of the relevant international agreements and commitments, efforts should be made to support those countries, in particular the developing countries, by promoting an open, equitable, secure, non-discriminatory and predictable international trading system; by promoting foreign direct investment; by reducing the debt burden; by providing new and additional financial resources from all available funding sources and mechanisms, including multilateral, bilateral and private sources, including on concessional and grant terms according to sound and equitable criteria and indicators; by providing access to technologies; and by ensuring that structural adjustment programmes are so designed and implemented as to be responsive to social and environmental concerns.
- Body
- International Conference on Population and Development
- Document type
- Declaration / Confererence outcome document
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Poverty
- Person(s) affected
- All
- N.A.
- Year
- 1994
Paragraph
Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population and Development 1994, para. 1.1
- Paragraph text
- The 1994 International Conference on Population and Development occurs at a defining moment in the history of international cooperation. With the growing recognition of global population, development and environmental interdependence, the opportunity to adopt suitable macro- and socio-economic policies to promote sustained economic growth in the context of sustainable development in all countries and to mobilize human and financial resources for global problem- solving has never been greater. Never before has the world community had so many resources, so much knowledge and such powerful technologies at its disposal which, if suitably redirected, could foster sustained economic growth and sustainable development. None the less, the effective use of resources, knowledge and technologies is conditioned by political and economic obstacles at the national and international levels. Therefore, although ample resources have been available for some time, their use for socially equitable and environmentally sound development has been seriously limited.
- Body
- International Conference on Population and Development
- Document type
- Declaration / Confererence outcome document
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 1994
Paragraph
Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population and Development 1994, para. 1.2
- Paragraph text
- The world has undergone far-reaching changes in the past two decades. Significant progress in many fields important for human welfare has been made through national and international efforts.However, the developing countries are still facing serious economic difficulties and an unfavourable international economic environment, and the number of people living in absolute poverty has increased in many countries. Around the world many of the basic resources on which future generations will depend for their survival and well-being are being depleted and environmental degradation is intensifying, driven by unsustainable patterns of production and consumption, unprecedented growth in population, widespread and persistent poverty, and social and economic inequality. Ecological problems, such as global climate change, largely driven by unsustainable patterns of production and consumption, are adding to the threats to the well-being of future generations. There is an emerging global consensus on the need for increased international cooperation in regard to population in the context of sustainable development, for which Agenda 21 provides a framework. Much has been achieved in this respect, but more needs to be done.
- Body
- International Conference on Population and Development
- Document type
- Declaration / Confererence outcome document
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Poverty
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 1994
Paragraph
Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population and Development 1994, para. 3.24
- Paragraph text
- Meeting the basic human needs of growing populations is dependent on a healthy environment. These human dimensions need to be given attention in developing comprehensive policies for sustainable development in the context of population growth.
- Body
- International Conference on Population and Development
- Document type
- Declaration / Confererence outcome document
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- All
- N.A.
- Year
- 1994
Paragraph