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Title | Date added | Template | Original document | Paragraph text | Body | Document type | Thematics | Topic(s) | Person(s) affected | Year |
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Certain forms of abuses in health-care settings that may cross a threshold of mistreatment that is tantamount to torture or cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment 2013, para. 64 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | The mandate continues to receive reports of the systematic use of forced interventions worldwide. Both this mandate and United Nations treaty bodies have established that involuntary treatment and other psychiatric interventions in health-care facilities are forms of torture and ill-treatment. Forced interventions, often wrongfully justified by theories of incapacity and therapeutic necessity inconsistent with the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, are legitimized under national laws, and may enjoy wide public support as being in the alleged "best interest" of the person concerned. Nevertheless, to the extent that they inflict severe pain and suffering, they violate the absolute prohibition of torture and cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment (A/63/175, paras. 38, 40, 41). Concern for the autonomy and dignity of persons with disabilities leads the Special Rapporteur to urge revision of domestic legislation allowing for forced interventions. | Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2013 | ||
Certain forms of abuses in health-care settings that may cross a threshold of mistreatment that is tantamount to torture or cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment 2013, para. 80 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Persons with disabilities are particularly affected by forced medical interventions, and continue to be exposed to non-consensual medical practices (A/63/175, para. 40). In the case of children in health-care settings, an actual or perceived disability may diminish the weight given to the child's views in determining their best interests, or may be taken as the basis of substitution of determination and decision-making by parents, guardians, carers or public authorities. Women living with disabilities, with psychiatric labels in particular, are at risk of multiple forms of discrimination and abuse in health-care settings. Forced sterilization of girls and women with disabilities has been widely documented. National law in Spain, among other countries, allows for the sterilization of minors who are found to have severe intellectual disabilities. The Egyptian Parliament failed to include a provision banning the use of sterilization as a "treatment" for mental illness in its patient protection law. In the United States, 15 states have laws that fail to protect women with disabilities from involuntary sterilization. | Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2013 | ||
Certain forms of abuses in health-care settings that may cross a threshold of mistreatment that is tantamount to torture or cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment 2013, para. 69 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Deprivation of liberty on grounds of mental illness is unjustified if its basis is discrimination or prejudice against persons with disabilities. Under the European Convention on Human Rights, mental disorder must be of a certain severity in order to justify detention. The Special Rapporteur believes that the severity of the mental illness is not by itself sufficient to justify detention; the State must also show that detention is necessary to protect the safety of the person or of others. Except in emergency cases, the individual concerned should not be deprived of his liberty unless he has been reliably shown to be of "unsound mind". As detention in a psychiatric context may lead to non-consensual psychiatric treatment, the mandate has stated that deprivation of liberty that is based on the grounds of a disability and that inflicts severe pain or suffering could fall under the scope of the Convention against Torture (A/63/175, para. 65). In making such an assessment, factors such as fear and anxiety produced by indefinite detention, the infliction of forced medication or electroshock, the use of restraints and seclusion, the segregation from family and community, etc., should be taken into account. | Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2013 | ||
Certain forms of abuses in health-care settings that may cross a threshold of mistreatment that is tantamount to torture or cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment 2013, para. 63 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | The mandate has previously declared that there can be no therapeutic justification for the use of solitary confinement and prolonged restraint of persons with disabilities in psychiatric institutions; both prolonged seclusion and restraint may constitute torture and ill-treatment (A/63/175, paras. 55-56). The Special Rapporteur has addressed the issue of solitary confinement and stated that its imposition, of any duration, on persons with mental disabilities is cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment (A/66/268, paras. 67-68, 78). Moreover, any restraint on people with mental disabilities for even a short period of time may constitute torture and ill-treatment. It is essential that an absolute ban on all coercive and non-consensual measures, including restraint and solitary confinement of people with psychological or intellectual disabilities, should apply in all places of deprivation of liberty, including in psychiatric and social care institutions. The environment of patient powerlessness and abusive treatment of persons with disabilities in which restraint and seclusion is used can lead to other non-consensual treatment, such as forced medication and electroshock procedures. | Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2013 | ||
Certain forms of abuses in health-care settings that may cross a threshold of mistreatment that is tantamount to torture or cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment 2013, para. 62 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | It is necessary to highlight additional measures needed to prevent torture and ill-treatment against people with disabilities, by synthesizing standards and coordinating actions in line with the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. | Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2013 | ||
Certain forms of abuses in health-care settings that may cross a threshold of mistreatment that is tantamount to torture or cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment 2013, para. 60 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | There are several areas in which the Special Rapporteur would like to suggest steps beyond what has already been proposed by the mandate in its efforts to promote the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities as the new normative paradigm and call for measures to combat impunity. | Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2013 | ||
Certain forms of abuses in health-care settings that may cross a threshold of mistreatment that is tantamount to torture or cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment 2013, para. 59 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Severe abuses, such as neglect, mental and physical abuse and sexual violence, continue to be committed against people with psychosocial disabilities and people with intellectual disabilities in health-care settings. | Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2013 | ||
Certain forms of abuses in health-care settings that may cross a threshold of mistreatment that is tantamount to torture or cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment 2013, para. 32 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | The mandate has recognized that medical treatments of an intrusive and irreversible nature, when lacking a therapeutic purpose, may constitute torture or ill-treatment when enforced or administered without the free and informed consent of the person concerned (ibid., paras. 40, 47). This is particularly the case when intrusive and irreversible, non-consensual treatments are performed on patients from marginalized groups, such as persons with disabilities, notwithstanding claims of good intentions or medical necessity. For example, the mandate has held that the discriminatory character of forced psychiatric interventions, when committed against persons with psychosocial disabilities, satisfies both intent and purpose required under the article 1 of the Convention against Torture, notwithstanding claims of "good intentions" by medical professionals (ibid., paras. 47, 48). In other examples, the administration of non-consensual medication or involuntary sterilization is often claimed as being a necessary treatment for the so-called best interest of the person concerned. | Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2013 | ||
Certain forms of abuses in health-care settings that may cross a threshold of mistreatment that is tantamount to torture or cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment 2013, para. 30 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | The intimate link between forced medical interventions based on discrimination and the deprivation of legal capacity has been emphasized both by the Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and the previous Special Rapporteur on the question of torture. | Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2013 | ||
Review of the standard minimum rules for the treatment of prisoners 2013, para. 54 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Furthermore, the Rules should be reformulated to integrate principles of clinical independence and medical ethics, as well as principles of equality and non discrimination: the requirement to respect the autonomy of patients, the need for the informed consent of the person concerned (Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, art. 25 (d)) and confidentiality, including with regard to HIV testing, the reproductive health of inmates and their medical files (see the United Nations Rules for the Treatment of Women Prisoners, rule 8). In addition, the Rules should include an express recognition that persons deprived of liberty must always have access to adequate health care, including adequate medical, psychiatric and dental care and medication. Persons deprived of liberty should have access to a level of health care that is equivalent to that available to the general population. Currently, Rule 22 (1) already stipulates that prison health services should be organized in close cooperation with the general health administration of the community or nation, and the World Health Organization (WHO) has stated that prison health policies must be integrated into national health policies. To achieve this, prison health-care services should be integrated under the ministry of health. | Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2013 | ||
Solitary confinement 2011, para. 68 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Research has shown that with respect to mental disabilities, solitary confinement often results in severe exacerbation of a previously existing mental condition. Prisoners with mental health issues deteriorate dramatically in isolation. The adverse effects of solitary confinement are especially significant for persons with serious mental health problems which are usually characterized by psychotic symptoms and/or significant functional impairments. Some engage in extreme acts of self-mutilation and even suicide. | Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2011 | ||
Solitary confinement 2011, para. 67 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Persons with disabilities are held in solitary confinement in some jurisdictions as a substitute for proper medical or psychiatric care or owing to the lack of other institutional housing options. These individuals may not necessarily pose danger to others or to themselves, but they are vulnerable to abuse and often regarded as a disturbance to other prisoners and prison staff. | Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2011 | ||
Certain forms of abuses in health-care settings that may cross a threshold of mistreatment that is tantamount to torture or cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment 2013, para. 35 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | The doctrine of medical necessity continues to be an obstacle to protection from arbitrary abuses in health-care settings. It is therefore important to clarify that treatment provided in violation of the terms of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities - either through coercion or discrimination - cannot be legitimate or justified under the medical necessity doctrine. | Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2013 | ||
Solitary confinement 2011, para. 42 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Solitary confinement is also used to separate vulnerable individuals, including juveniles, persons with disabilities, and lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender persons, for their own protection. They may be placed in solitary confinement at their own request or at the discretion of prison officials. | Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2011 | ||
Certain forms of abuses in health-care settings that may cross a threshold of mistreatment that is tantamount to torture or cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment 2013, para. 67 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | In many countries where mental health policies and laws do exist, they focus on confinement of people with mental disabilities in psychiatric institutions but fail to effectively safeguard their human rights. | Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2013 | ||
Torture, ill-treatment and coercion during interviews/ Universal protocol for non-coercive, ethically sound, evidence-based and empirically founded interviewing practices 2016, para. 44 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Depending on their degree, severity, chronicity and type, undue psychological pressure and manipulative practices may themselves amount to inhuman or degrading treatment. This may be the case, among others, when certain techniques are used in combination, over a lengthy period or against vulnerable persons, including children, persons with psychosocial disabilities, persons who do not understand or adequately speak the language of the interviewing officers and other persons who may be particularly sensitive to coercion owing to their specific needs or physical or emotional development. | Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2016 | ||
Children deprived of their liberty from the perspective of the prohibition of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment 2015, para. 55 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Similarly, the involuntary commitment of children with mental disabilities, including those who have long-term intellectual or sensory impairments, to psychiatric and social care institutions, psychiatric wards, prayer camps, secular and religious-based therapeutic boarding schools, boot camps, private residential treatment centres or traditional healing centres has been well documented. Such children may live their whole lives in such psychiatric or social care institutions (A/HRC/22/53, paras. 57 and 68). Article 14, paragraph 1 (b) of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities unambiguously states that "the existence of a disability shall in no case justify a deprivation of liberty". The Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities has found that legislation that allows detention in a mental health institution on the basis of a standard of danger to self or others infringes this provision. Indeed, the Committee has repeatedly urged States to ensure that no one is detained against their will in any kind of mental health facility. Furthermore, the Special Rapporteur has observed the continued use of solitary confinement and prolonged restraint of children with disabilities in psychiatric institutions. The environment of patient powerlessness and abusive treatment of children with disabilities in which restraint and seclusion are used can lead to other non-consensual treatment, such as forced medication and electroshock procedures (A/HRC/22/53, para. 63). | Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2015 | ||
Certain forms of abuses in health-care settings that may cross a threshold of mistreatment that is tantamount to torture or cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment 2013, para. 68 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Involuntary commitment to psychiatric institutions has been well documented. There are well-documented examples of people living their whole lives in such psychiatric or social care institutions. The Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities has been very explicit in calling for the prohibition of disability-based detention, i.e. civil commitment and compulsory institutionalization or confinement based on disability. It establishes that community living, with support, is no longer a favourable policy development but an internationally recognized right. The Convention radically departs from this approach by forbidding deprivation of liberty based on the existence of any disability, including mental or intellectual, as discriminatory. Article 14, paragraph 1 (b), of the Convention unambiguously states that "the existence of a disability shall in no case justify a deprivation of liberty". Legislation authorizing the institutionalization of persons with disabilities on the grounds of their disability without their free and informed consent must be abolished. This must include the repeal of provisions authorizing institutionalization of persons with disabilities for their care and treatment without their free and informed consent, as well as provisions authorizing the preventive detention of persons with disabilities on grounds such as the likelihood of them posing a danger to themselves or others, in all cases in which such grounds of care, treatment and public security are linked in legislation to an apparent or diagnosed mental illness (A/HRC/10/48, paras. 48, 49). | Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2013 | ||
Certain forms of abuses in health-care settings that may cross a threshold of mistreatment that is tantamount to torture or cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment 2013, para. 65 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Millions of people with disabilities are stripped of their legal capacity worldwide, due to stigma and discrimination, through judicial declaration of incompetency or merely by a doctor's decision that the person "lacks capacity" to make a decision. Deprived of legal capacity, people are assigned a guardian or other substitute decision maker, whose consent will be deemed sufficient to justify forced treatment (E/CN.4/2005/51, para. 79). | Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2013 | ||
Certain forms of abuses in health-care settings that may cross a threshold of mistreatment that is tantamount to torture or cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment 2013, para. 57 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Under article 1 of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, persons with disabilities include those who have long-term intellectual or sensory impairments, which, in interaction with various barriers, may hinder their full and effective participation in society on an equal basis with others. These are individuals who have been either neglected or detained in psychiatric and social care institutions, psychiatric wards, prayer camps, secular and religious-based therapeutic boarding schools, boot camps, private residential treatment centres or traditional healing centres. | Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2013 | ||
Certain forms of abuses in health-care settings that may cross a threshold of mistreatment that is tantamount to torture or cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment 2013, para. 20 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | The mandate has stated previously that intent, required in article 1 of the Convention, can be effectively implied where a person has been discriminated against on the basis of disability. This is particularly relevant in the context of medical treatment, where serious violations and discrimination against persons with disabilities may be defended as "well intended" on the part of health-care professionals. Purely negligent conduct lacks the intent required under article 1, but may constitute ill-treatment if it leads to severe pain and suffering (A/63/175, para. 49). | Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2013 | ||
Review of the standard minimum rules for the treatment of prisoners 2013, para. 69 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | In a 2008 report that focused on the situation of persons with disabilities in detention, the Special Rapporteur noted that the lack of reasonable accommodation may increase the risk of exposure to neglect, violence, abuse and ill-treatment and that if such discriminatory treatment inflicts severe pain or suffering, it may constitute torture or other form of ill-treatment (see A/63/175, paras. 38 and 53). Reasonable accommodation in the context of prisons and detention centres should be considered a prerequisite for humane treatment. | Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2013 | ||
Torture, ill-treatment and coercion during interviews/ Universal protocol for non-coercive, ethically sound, evidence-based and empirically founded interviewing practices 2016, para. 80 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | With regard to the need to inform persons of their rights during questioning, additional safeguards are required for certain persons, with thorough explanations of the rights of children and persons with intellectual or psychosocial disabilities being provided directly to, among others, their parents, families, guardians or legal representatives (see general comment No. 35; and Inter-American Court of Human Rights, Tibi v. Ecuador). | Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2016 | ||
Children deprived of their liberty from the perspective of the prohibition of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment 2015, para. 57 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Another form of ill-treatment of children in health and social care detention settings is inappropriate medical care, including the use of psychoactive medications on children for punitive purposes, such as injected tranquilizers, which immobilize children for days, and forced labour in the guise of medical necessity. During one mission, the Special Rapporteur witnessed appalling conditions and ill-treatment of children with mental disabilities in so-called prayer camps, which are alternative residential facilities. He documented cases of shackling to the walls, floors or trees and forced fasting, in some cases on children with neurological problems (see A/HRC/25/60/Add.1, paras. 74-77). | Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2015 | ||
Children deprived of their liberty from the perspective of the prohibition of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment 2015, para. 54 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | The Special Rapporteur observes that children who use, or are suspected of using, drugs are commonly involuntarily confined in so-called rehabilitation centres. Children thus confined are compelled to undergo diverse interventions (A/HRC/22/53, para. 40), including painful withdrawal from drug dependence without adequate medical assistance, administration of unknown or experimental medications, State-sanctioned beatings, caning or whipping, forced labour, sexual abuse and intentional humiliation. Other reported abuses included "flogging therapy", "bread and water therapy", and electroshock resulting in seizures, all in the guise of rehabilitation. In some countries, a wide range of other marginalized groups, including street children and children with psychosocial disabilities, are reportedly detained in these centres. | Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2015 | ||
Children deprived of their liberty from the perspective of the prohibition of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment 2015, para. 53 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Special attention should be paid to children deprived of their liberty in health-care institutions (including hospitals, public and private clinics, hospices and institutions where healthcare is delivered). Children are detained in such settings primarily to treat psychiatric, psychosocial or intellectual disabilities, or drug dependence issues. Almost all States have legislation that permits the detention of children for psychiatric health purposes. Persons with disabilities are particularly affected by forced medical interventions, and continue to be exposed to unwarranted non-consensual medical practices (A/63/175, para. 40). During his country visits, the Special Rapporteur has observed that, in particular with regard to children with disabilities, "incapacity" is often presumed, which limits their ability to decide where to live and what treatment to receive, and may be taken as the basis of substitution of determination and decision-making by the child, or by parents, guardians, carers or public authorities. Structural inequalities, such as the power imbalance between medical doctors and patients, exacerbated by stigma and discrimination, result in children with disabilities being disproportionately vulnerable to having informed consent compromised (A/HRC/22/53, para. 29). In this context, the Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, in its general comment No. 1 (CRPD/C/GC/1), explained that involuntary psychiatric treatment is prohibited on the grounds that it violates the right to consent to medical treatment under article 12 of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and the absolute prohibition of torture and cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment (para. 42). The Committee on the Rights of the Child, in its general comment No. 12 (CRC/C/GC/12), stated that children should be provided with information about proposed treatments and their effects and outcomes, including in formats appropriate and accessible to children with disabilities (paras. 48 and 100). | Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2015 | ||
Certain forms of abuses in health-care settings that may cross a threshold of mistreatment that is tantamount to torture or cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment 2013, para. 66 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | As earlier stated by the mandate, criteria that determine the grounds upon which treatment can be administered in the absence of free and informed consent should be clarified in the law, and no distinction between persons with or without disabilities should be made. Only in a life-threatening emergency in which there is no disagreement regarding absence of legal capacity may a health-care provider proceed without informed consent to perform a life-saving procedure. From this perspective, several of the 1991 Principles may require reconsideration as running counter to the provisions of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (A/63/175, para. 44). | Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2013 | ||
Certain forms of abuses in health-care settings that may cross a threshold of mistreatment that is tantamount to torture or cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment 2013, para. 61 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Numerous calls by the mandate to review the anti-torture framework in relation to persons with disabilities remain to be addressed. It is therefore necessary to reaffirm that the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities offers the most comprehensive set of standards on the rights of persons with disabilities, inter alia, in the context of health care, where choices by people with disabilities are often overridden based on their supposed "best interests", and where serious violations and discrimination against persons with disabilities may be masked as "good intentions" of health professionals (A/63/175, para. 49). | Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2013 | ||
Certain forms of abuses in health-care settings that may cross a threshold of mistreatment that is tantamount to torture or cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment 2013, para. 58 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | In 2008 the mandate made significant strides in the development of norms for the abolition of forced psychiatric interventions on the basis of disability alone as a form of torture and ill-treatment (see A/63/175). The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities also provides authoritative guidance on the rights of persons with disabilities and prohibits involuntary treatment and involuntary confinement on the grounds of disability, superseding earlier standards such as the 1991 Principles for the Protection of Persons with Mental Illness and for the Improvement of Mental Health Care (1991 Principles). | Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2013 | ||
Certain forms of abuses in health-care settings that may cross a threshold of mistreatment that is tantamount to torture or cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment 2013, para. 48 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Some women may experience multiple forms of discrimination on the basis of their sex and other status or identity. Targeting ethnic and racial minorities, women from marginalized communities and women with disabilities for involuntary sterilization because of discriminatory notions that they are "unfit" to bear children is an increasingly global problem. Forced sterilization is an act of violence, a form of social control, and a violation of the right to be free from torture and other cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment or punishment. The mandate has asserted that "forced abortions or sterilizations carried out by State officials in accordance with coercive family planning laws or policies may amount to torture". | Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2013 |