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Title | Date added | Template | Original document | Paragraph text | Body | Document type | Thematics | Topic(s) | Person(s) affected | Year |
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Access to justice and the right to food: the way forward 2015, para. 21 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | The constitutional jurisprudence of India provides for the justiciability of economic, social and cultural rights based on "the right to life". This constitutional right was central to the case of People's Union for Civil Liberties ("PUCL") v. Union of India. In mid-2001, public food and employment programmes failed to provide food to deprived people in the impoverished and drought-stricken State of Rajasthan. The Supreme Court of India was petitioned by PUCL to compel the Government to respond to the hunger emergency. In response to the submissions, the Supreme Court held that the right to food was enshrined in the Constitution under the right to life provision in article 47, which requires that the State undertake measures to improve the nutritional state of the population. The Court handed down a series of resolutions which commenced in 2001 requiring State governments in India to implement food distribution programmes for the most disadvantaged. The Court's resolution had a considerable impact on the realization of the right to food in India, and provides an example of the influential role played by the judiciary in encouraging a legislative body to develop human rights legislation. | Special Rapporteur on the right to food | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2015 | ||
Right to food and nutrition 2016, para. 37 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Nevertheless, fortification initiatives do make an important contribution to efforts to achieve food and nutrition security, provided they form part of a comprehensive strategy that addresses the social, economic and cultural determinants of food systems. Such solutions must always be critically evaluated and narrowly implemented to ensure that they are used only to provide temporary relief and do not replace long-term solutions, such as diversification of agriculture, or interfere with local production systems. | Special Rapporteur on the right to food | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2016 | ||
Assessing a decade of progress on the right to food 2013, para. 58j | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | [In particular, the Special Rapporteur encourages:] States, in order to ensure consistency between domestic policies aimed at the full realization of the right to food and external policies in the areas of trade, investment, development and humanitarian aid, and in accordance with the Guiding Principles on Extreme Poverty and Human Rights, to develop mechanisms that ensure that the right to food is fully taken into account in those policies. | Special Rapporteur on the right to food | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2013 | ||
Effects of pesticides on the right to food 2017, para. 83 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | The tragedy led to the worldwide development of major reforms, including the above-mentioned Responsible Care initiative. Such initiatives, however, have not succeeded in halting continued disasters related to the manufacture of pesticides worldwide. | Special Rapporteur on the right to food | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2017 | ||
Impact of climate change on the right to food 2015, para. 24 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Communities can reduce food insecurity risks by complementing their traditional knowledge and practices with information and support from Governments and others, including rapid response systems and capacity-building for disaster preparedness, mitigation and management. Supporting local communities helps to maintain resilience and should be encouraged. | Special Rapporteur on the right to food | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2015 | ||
The right to an adequate diet: the agriculture-food-health nexus 2012, para. 23 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Accountability requires that, once commitments are made and targets set, progress is monitored, including progress in the delivery of resources, and a failure to achieve results will lead to redefine the means chosen. It is therefore essential that indicators be built to measure inputs, outcomes, and processes, and that corrective action be taken where the resources committed are not made available or when the results do not meet the expectations. | Special Rapporteur on the right to food | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2012 | ||
Impact of climate change on the right to food 2015, para. 14 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Sharp price increases for all major crops can be expected as a result of climate change accompanied by population growth, changing diets and increasing demand for non-food crops. Although it is difficult to predict food prices because of the many variables, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change expects with medium confidence that global food prices will rise substantially by 2050. The Intergovernmental Panel predicts that low-income agricultural economies that are net food importers could experience significant losses in food access through a "double negative" effect of reduced domestic agricultural production and increased food prices on global markets. Furthermore, sudden shocks in prices and currency values, as well as extreme weather events, can also create obstacles to food distribution, making it difficult to deploy adequate responses to an increasingly frequent number of emergencies. | Special Rapporteur on the right to food | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2015 | ||
Vision of the mandate 2014, para. 56 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | States are bound by treaties and customary human rights law and could be found legally responsible in the event of the deliberate destruction of international humanitarian aid or intentional blockage of access to food. International humanitarian organizations and NGOs also have a responsibility to distinguish humanitarian food aid in times of war from food aid in periods of peace and they should follow the principles of humanity, neutrality and impartiality in this regard. During her tenure, the Special Rapporteur intends to monitor situations of ongoing conflict and humanitarian crisis, particularly those where populations are experiencing acute vulnerability with respect to food security as a result of a humanitarian emergency or protracted conflict. Those currently experiencing such crises include the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, South Sudan, the Syrian Arab Republic and Gaza, among others. | Special Rapporteur on the right to food | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2014 | ||
Vision of the mandate 2014, para. 55 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | International humanitarian law, which, inter alia, is designed to ensure that civilians and prisoners of war have adequate food and water during armed conflicts, also outlines preventive measures by prohibiting the deliberate starvation of civilians as a method of warfare in situations of both international and internal armed conflict. That prohibition is violated not only when access to food is denied, resulting in death, but also when the population goes hungry as a result of deprivation of food sources or supplies. In accordance with international criminal law, violations of such protection constitute war crimes. Deliberate starvation, whether during times of war or peace, may also constitute genocide or a crime against humanity. Implementation is always controversial in those situations, especially if the combat zone is limited to the territory of a single State. It should be noted that the right to food continues to be protected by international human rights law during times of armed conflict. | Special Rapporteur on the right to food | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2014 | ||
Vision of the mandate 2014, para. 54 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | The world is currently blighted by a plethora of humanitarian crises and armed conflicts, which are having a devastating impact on the lives of millions of people around the globe. While 19 per cent of the poorest people in the world now live in fragile and conflict-affected places, it is estimated that this will increase to 40 per cent by 2030 if current trends continue. The international community must take greater responsibility for emergency food crises derived from natural or human-made disasters, global economic crises, climate change, or as a result of armed conflict. | Special Rapporteur on the right to food | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2014 | ||
Vision of the mandate 2014, para. 7 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | While there have been significant developments in a number of countries in response to the crisis, concerns about price volatility remain, with the world economy showing little sign of stabilizing. Indeed there has been a worrisome rise in local food prices in recent years. Additional steps must be taken at the global level to reduce the risk of future food crises resulting from rapid price increases. In this regard, the Special Rapporteur will continue to monitor the situation and urges States, both individually and collectively, to fulfil their legal obligation under human rights law to do their part in ensuring sustainable access to food for people. | Special Rapporteur on the right to food | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2014 | ||
Assessing a decade of progress on the right to food 2013, para. 18 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Second, in situations of natural disaster or conflict, or "whenever an individual or group is unable, for reasons beyond their control, to enjoy the right to adequate food by the means at their disposal, States have the obligation to fulfil (provide) that right directly" (see E/C.12/1999/5, para. 15). This component of the right to food has been invoked successfully before courts in recent years. In Nepal, the Supreme Court issued an interim order in 2008 for the immediate provision of food in a number of districts that food distribution programmes were not reaching, confirming and extending its initial order on 19 May 2010. It acted at the request of the non governmental organization Pro Public, which invoked the provisions of the 2007 interim Constitution of Nepal guaranteeing the fundamental right to food sovereignty and the right to a dignified life, as well as the international obligations of Nepal to fulfil the right to food. In Mexico, relying on the recent amendment to article 4 of the Constitution and the 2009 Food and Nutrition Security Law of the Federal District, one homeless person obtained on 22 March 2012 an injunction from the First District Administrative Judge of the Federal District, directed in particular against the Secretariat for Social Development and the National Coordination Office of the "Desarrollo Humano Oportunidades" programme for a failure of the authorities to comply with their obligation to protect the rights to health, to food and to housing. In May 2013, a juvenile court in Guatemala ordered 10 Government institutions to adopt a set of 26 specific measures to compensate damages caused to five children in two villages of Camotán, who were left malnourished as a result of the State's failure to provide support. The order was based on the 2005 Food and Nutrition Security Law and Guatemala's obligations under the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. It included such restitution and compensation measures as food assistance, land distribution, water access, agricultural training and seed provision. Where the situation of individuals or communities is so desperate as to condemn them to hunger unless they are given support, courts routinely have relied on the right to life to impose such obligations to provide. | Special Rapporteur on the right to food | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2013 |
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