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Title | Date added | Template | Original document | Paragraph text | Body | Document type | Thematics | Topic(s) | Person(s) affected | Year |
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Reparations to women who have been subjected to violence 2010, para. 31 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | With this scheme in mind and thinking about women as potential beneficiaries of reparations, the first hurdle relates to the fact that much of the violence that women and girls experience predates the conflict and only continues to aggravate the discrimination to which they are subjected in the post-conflict scenario. Even in non-conflict scenarios, acts of violence against women are part of a larger system of gender hierarchy that can only be fully grasped when seen in the broader structural context. Therefore, adequate reparations for women cannot simply be about returning them to where they were before the individual instance of violence, but instead should strive to have a transformative potential. Reparations should aspire, to the extent possible, to subvert, instead of reinforce, pre-existing structural inequality that may be at the root causes of the violence the women experience before, during and after the conflict. | Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2010 | ||
Vision-setting report 2016, para. 60 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | The mandate holder intends to explore the possibility of formulating a global code of conduct for security officers required to address cases of violence against women and girls, which could possibly be extended to other service providers, such as social workers and health providers. | Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2016 | ||
Vision-setting report 2016, para. 61 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Women and girls fleeing conflicts and persecution face various forms of gender-based violence and cases of multiple discrimination, particularly when they travel alone. These women and girls are vulnerable at all stages of their journey; in the countries of origin, of transit and of destination. | Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2016 | ||
Reparations to women who have been subjected to violence 2010, para. 28 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Academic reflection and civil society activism have certainly contributed to placing the question of gender-sensitive reparations on the national and international agenda. In the last few years, the first monographic volumes addressing reparations for women have been seen. Furthermore, feminist transnational movements working on fighting impunity against gender violence in armed conflict are now leading the debate on women and reparations. The Nairobi Declaration on Women's and Girls' Right to a Remedy and Reparation adopted in 2007 by women's rights advocates and activists and survivors of sexual violence in situations of conflict is the best expression of this transnational growing concern to provide women and girls with adequate reparations. Mobilization concerning reparations at the national level by victims' groups, human rights groups and women's associations has also increased. | Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2010 | ||
Adequacy of the international legal framework on violence against women 2017, para. 53 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Another key aspect was secondary protection for women and girls after violence had taken place to avoid further violence and secondary victimization. In that regard, there should be accessible shelters and durable housing solutions, especially for indigenous women and women in rural areas. In addition, the reception of refugee and migrant women needed to be in facilities which were safe (where they would not be mixed with men and therefore in danger). | Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2017 | ||
Violence against women: Twenty years of developments to combat violence against women 2014, para. 17 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | The 2013 conclusions highlight the prevention of and response to all forms of violence against women and girls, including sexual and gender-based violence, in armed conflict and post-conflict situations, including through investigation, prosecution and punishment of perpetrators to end impunity; removal of barriers to women's access to justice; the establishment of complaint and reporting mechanisms; the provision of support to victims and survivors; affordable and accessible health-care services; reintegration measures; and steps to increase women's participation in conflict resolution and peacebuilding processes and post-conflict decision-making. | Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2014 | ||
Reparations to women who have been subjected to violence 2010, para. 33 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Women and girls are victimized under authoritarian regimes and during violent conflict in multiple ways. They suffer from operations randomly or strategically targeting and terrorizing the civilian population, but also from summary and extrajudicial executions, imprisonment, torture, rape and sexual mutilations for fighting in resistance movements, engaging in the search for and defence of their loved ones or for coming from communities suspected of collaboration. Women and children represent the majority of the forcefully displaced in internal and international armed conflicts. Women can suffer the consequences of violent actions that target "their" men (husbands, sons, brothers, etc.), for example, when they become the sole breadwinners and protectors of their families. Some forms of violence that women are subject to are similar to those suffered by men; others are more specific to women and girls, subjecting them to systematic patterns of sexual or reproductive violence or to different forms of domestic enslavement. In some settings, certain crimes tend to be perpetrated mostly by State forces while others are used mostly by non-State armed groups or self-defence groups as tools to recruit and instrumentalize women. More importantly, even when women are subjected to the same violations as men, their pre-existing socio-economic and legal status and the cultural meanings surrounding the construction of the male and the female in patriarchal societies may cause different ensuing harms for men and women. | Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2010 | ||
Continuum of violence against women from the home to the transnational sphere: the challenges of effective redress 2011, para. 44 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Defilement, rape, early marriages and survival sex continue to be major problems affecting women asylum-seekers and refugees, both in camps as well as women residing in urban areas. During conflicts, women are often trafficked across borders to provide sexual services to combatants in armed conflict. Armed conflict increases the risk of women and girls being abducted and forced into sexual slavery and/or forced prostitution. Although most conflicts are now internal, women and girls may be transported across international borders to camps of armed groups located in the territory of a neighbouring State. Abuses against women and girls have also been committed by international personnel deployed in United Nations peace operations. | Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2011 | ||
Gender-related killings of women 2012, para. 52 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Women and girls suffer from operations randomly or strategically targeting and terrorizing the civilian population, but also from summary and extrajudicial executions, imprisonment, torture, rape and sexual mutilations for fighting in resistance movements, for engaging in the search for and defence of their loved ones or for coming from communities suspected of collaboration. Gender inequality becomes more pronounced in conflict and crisis situations, as competing masculine discourses place contradictory demands on women, and conflict is instrumentalized as a pretext to further entrench patriarchal control. | Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2012 | ||
Vision-setting report 2016, para. 37 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | In times of peace, violence is committed in both the public and the private spheres, including in the family, the community, in State institutions and at the transnational level. Such violence is more common where patriarchal gender norms are entrenched, and where social and cultural norms contribute to the acceptance of violence against women and girls, or where there are formal or discriminatory provisions in domestic legislation relating to sex and gender, and no specific measures to address or prevent violence against women. The mandate holder also notes the severe underreporting of sexual violence, and consequently the lack of prosecution of perpetrators. Conflict and post-conflict situations often exacerbate existing forms of discrimination, or generate new forms of violence against women who are already in a vulnerable situation, such as rape by State or non-State actors, maiming, sexual mutilation, abduction, forced marriages to armed fighters (enslavement), torture and other forms of inhuman, cruel or degrading treatment of punishment. The prevention of such violence must be placed within the broader context of the elimination of all forms of discrimination against women. Under the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women and the Declaration on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women, States are responsible for preventing acts of violence by State actors, and also to exercise due diligence to prevent, investigate and, in accordance with national legislation, punish acts of violence against women perpetrated by non-State actors. | Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2016 | ||
Vision-setting report 2016, para. 59 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | In the view of the Special Rapporteur, the involvement of security organs, including those in peacekeeping operations, and the police in combating violence against women and girls is extremely important. Security organs are the first respondents in cases of violence, and have a key role to play in prevention, the prosecution of perpetrators and the protection of women survivors of violence. The goals attained and the challenges encountered in the implementation of the Kigali Declaration could be used as good practices for the formulation of a global code of conduct for police forces. | Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2016 | ||
Continuum of violence against women from the home to the transnational sphere: the challenges of effective redress 2011, para. 18 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | These developments led the General Assembly, the Human Rights Council and the Security Council to pass resolutions that focus particularly on violence against women and girls. The General Assembly and the Human Rights Council have, for example, increasingly identified inequality and discrimination, including gender-based violence, as violations of human rights of women and girls. Resolutions adopted by these organs have increasingly referred to the heightened risk of gender-based violence for women who suffer multiple forms of discrimination and have identified "power imbalances and structural inequality between men and women" as root causes of violence against women. In the context of peace and security, the Security Council, through resolutions 1325 (2000) and 1820 (2008), has called for special measures to protect women and girls from gender-based violence in situations of armed conflict. | Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2011 | ||
Gender-related killings of women 2012, para. 63 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | In Guatemala, the current experience of massive and violent killings of indigenous women has a legacy stemming back to colonial times, further increasing during the 36-year armed conflict. Indigenous Maya women constituted 88 per cent of victims of sexual and systematic attacks, with such attacks being publicly and intentionally perpetrated, mainly by military and paramilitary personnel. After the 1996 Peace Accord, no efforts were made to seek justice for and provide reparations to the victims and their families. In fact, article 200 of the Penal Code (repealed in 2006) afforded immunity to perpetrators of sexual violence and kidnapping of women and girls over 12 years old, where the perpetrator subsequently married the victim. Thus a State-endorsed impunity was established, condoning all forms of violence, particularly against indigenous women. | Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2012 | ||
Multiple and intersecting forms of discrimination and violence against women 2011, para. 14 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Building on the Vienna Declaration and its framework, both the Fourth World Conference on Women in Beijing (1995) and the Third World Conference against Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance in Durban (2001) addressed the multiple and intersecting forms of discrimination that cause intra-gender and intra-racial inequalities respectively. The Fourth World Conference on Women recognized the particular vulnerability to violence of "women belonging to minority groups, indigenous women, refugee women, women migrants, including women migrant workers, women in poverty living in rural or remote communities, destitute women, women in institutions or in detention, female children, women with disabilities, elderly women, displaced women, repatriated women, women living in poverty and women in situations of armed conflict, foreign occupation, wars of aggression, civil wars, terrorism, including hostage-taking." The World Conference against Racism included gender and racial discrimination among its five areas of focus. The Durban Declaration expressed the view "that racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance reveal themselves in a differentiated manner for women and girls, and can be among the factors leading to a deterioration in their living conditions, poverty, violence, multiple forms of discrimination, and the limitation or denial of their human rights." | Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2011 | ||
Vision-setting report 2016, para. 47 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | In her report on gender-related killing of women and girls: promising practices, challenges and practical recommendations (A/HRC/20/16), the previous mandate holder noted different manifestations of gender-related killings of women, including as a result of intimate-partner violence, following accusations of sorcery or witchcraft, in the name of "honour", in the context of armed conflict, dowry-related killings of women, and killings of aboriginal and indigenous women, among others. | Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2016 | ||
Violence against women as a barrier to the effective realization of all human rights 2014, para. 57 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | A more recent challenge is the creation of hierarchies of violence against women, especially through political and funding actions. This is particularly evident in the articulation of sexual violence in conflict situations as being different and exceptional, as opposed to its being a continuation of a pattern of discrimination and violence that is exacerbated in times of conflict - as reflected in recent armed conflict situations. The prioritizing of this manifestation of violence has led to numerous concerns, including a shift away from an understanding of violence against women as both gendered and part of a continuum of violence; a shift in resources, in some instances, despite the need to address all manifestations of violence, including at the national level; a shift in focus by some United Nations entities; and the effect of donor-driven priorities in this process. The view of many women's rights defenders is that these shifts have led to focusing on the manifestation of violence against women in conflict situations, to the detriment and ignoring of the low-level "warfare" that women and girls experience in their homes and communities on a daily basis. | Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2014 | ||
Violence against women: Twenty years of developments to combat violence against women 2014, para. 66 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | A more recent challenge is the creation of hierarchies of violence against women, especially through political and funding actions. This is particularly evident in the articulation of sexual violence in conflict situations as being different and exceptional, as opposed to it being a continuation of a pattern of discrimination and violence that is exacerbated in times of conflict - as reflected in recent armed conflict situations. The prioritizing of this manifestation of violence has led to numerous concerns, including a shift away from an understanding of violence against women as both gendered and as part of a continuum of violence; a shift in resources, in some instances, despite the need to address all manifestations of violence, including at the national level; a shift in focus by some United Nations entities; and the effect of donor-driven priorities in this process. The views of many women's rights defenders is that these shifts have led to "privileging" the manifestation of violence against women in conflict situations, to the detriment and ignoring of the low-level "warfare" that women and girls experience in their homes and communities on a daily basis. | Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2014 | ||
Gender-related killings of women 2012, para. 54 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | In Afghanistan, women's rights defenders continue to be regularly threatened and intimidated, and high-profile women, mainly political activists, have been assassinated, and their killers have not been brought to justice. The Taliban's interpretation of sharia law is used to justify harsher punishments for women seen to be mixing with men outside their immediate families. A common means of intimidation and control of local communities, mainly women, is the use of night letters. These are threatening letters, usually hand-delivered, or pasted onto a door or in a mosque, by insurgent groups. The content of these letters varies, but the main message is a threat of harm to women and girls (or their parents) if they go to school or to work, leave their homes, speak to non-family men, or call radio stations with music requests. | Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2012 | ||
Violence against women: Twenty years of developments to combat violence against women 2014, para. 40 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Inter-agency efforts to combat violence against women include activities by the Inter-agency Network on Women and Gender Equality, United Nations Action against Sexual Violence in Conflict, the Inter-agency Task Force on Women, Peace and Security, the Inter-agency Task Force on Protection from Sexual Exploitation and Abuse, the United Nations Trust Fund to End Violence against Women, the Inter-agency Task Force on Adolescent Girls and the Inter-agency Working Group of the Secretary-General's campaign, UNiTE to End Violence against Women. | Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2014 | ||
Gender-related killings of women 2012, para. 51 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | During armed conflict, women experience all forms of physical, sexual and psychological violence, perpetrated by both State and non-State actors, including unlawful killings. Such violence is often used as a weapon of war, to punish or dehumanize women and girls, and to persecute the community to which they belong. | Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2012 | ||
Adequacy of the international legal framework on violence against women 2017, para. 84 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | The submissions received from civil society organizations on the adequacy of the existing legal framework represent a great diversity of responses. These views, together with those of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women and regional mechanisms, have been an extremely enriching contribution to the debate on the adequacy of the legal framework on violence against women. Almost all submissions emphasized the role of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women as a dynamic, living instrument that encompasses violence against women as a form of discrimination against women and the progressive interpretation of the Convention through the adoption of successive general recommendations on violence against women by the Committee, as well as other related subjects, such as the core obligations on States to implement the Convention, access to justice (general recommendation No. 33 (2015) on women’s access to justice) and the rights of women and girls in conflict and post-conflict situations (general recommendation No. 30 (2013) on women in conflict prevention, conflict and post-conflict situations), along with all the other general recommendations. A significant number of submissions pointed out that the lack of a specific global treaty on gender-based violence against women had important symbolic value and further indicated that a new treaty could have an important role in galvanizing implementation at the State level. That symbolic value and potential to act as a catalyst for change was particularly compelling in the broader Asia-Pacific and Middle East regions, which were the only ones that did not have a specific regional treaty on violence against women. | Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2017 |
21 shown of 21 entities