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Title | Date added | Template | Original document | Paragraph text | Body | Document type | Thematics | Topic(s) | Person(s) affected | Year |
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Witchcraft and the human rights of persons with albinism 2017, para. 46c | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | [Accordingly, to be regarded as harmful, practices should meet any or a combination of the following criteria:] They are traditional, re-emerging or emerging practices that are prescribed and/or kept in place by social norms that perpetuate male dominance and inequality of women and children, on the basis of sex, gender, age and other intersecting factors; | Independent Expert on the enjoyment of human rights by persons with albinism | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2017 | ||
Witchcraft and the human rights of persons with albinism 2017, para. 41 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Article 18 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights distinguishes the freedom of thought, conscience, religion or belief from the freedom to manifest religion or belief. On the one hand, it does not permit any limitations whatsoever on the freedom of thought and conscience or on the freedom to have or adopt a religion or belief of one's choice. These freedoms are protected unconditionally. On the other hand, restrictions on the freedom to manifest religion or belief are permitted if limitations are prescribed by law and are necessary to protect public safety, order, health or morals, or the fundamental rights and freedoms of others. In joint general recommendation No. 31 of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women/general comment No. 18 of the Committee on the Rights of the Child (2014) on harmful practices, the committees recognize that harmful practices are deeply rooted and that there are often attempts to justify them by invoking sociocultural and religious customs and values. However, harmful practices can never be justified and must be eliminated, including by challenging sociocultural norms and attitudes that underlie them. In addition, States cannot justify any delay in taking action on any grounds, including cultural and religious grounds. | Independent Expert on the enjoyment of human rights by persons with albinism | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2017 | ||
Preliminary survey on the root causes of attacks and discrimination against persons with albinism 2016, para. 52 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Other children have dropped out of school or have been withdrawn by their family to remain under the protection of their parents. The security of children both on the way to school and at school cannot be ensured, including during recesses. Most rural schools do not have basic security items such as fences to ensure the children's protection. | Independent Expert on the enjoyment of human rights by persons with albinism | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2016 | ||
Witchcraft and the human rights of persons with albinism 2017, para. 47 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Attacks against persons with albinism for the purpose of obtaining and using body parts in muti or juju as well as accusations of witchcraft match these criteria for harmful practices. In the publication on harmful practices issued by her Office, the Special Representative of the Secretary-General on Violence against Children, quoting the UNICEF study, reported that "discrimination, violence and harmful practices against children with albinism have reached alarming proportions". She added that there were no cultural or religions justifications for such practices. | Independent Expert on the enjoyment of human rights by persons with albinism | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2017 | ||
Witchcraft and the human rights of persons with albinism 2017, para. 21 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | According to a study undertaken by the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), the French notion of "sorcery" and the English notion of "witchcraft" were introduced to Africa by the first Europeans explorers, colonialists and missionaries and, strongly influenced by European history, were pejorative. These concepts were employed to translate the terms used in vernacular languages for local realities. The notion of witchcraft, as used in the present report, therefore refers to multiple concepts covered by a variety of different terms referring to various phenomena whose interpretation relies on their context. It is nevertheless generally agreed that in all cultural contexts, witchcraft refers to negative occult or mystical forces, although it has been - albeit less frequently - associated with positive connotations such as empowerment and cleansing. | Independent Expert on the enjoyment of human rights by persons with albinism | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2017 | ||
Preliminary survey on the root causes of attacks and discrimination against persons with albinism 2016, para. 61 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Fear of attacks has also worsened the economic situation of persons with albinism who are not able to cultivate their land, go to the marketplace or initiate economic activity in freedom. The same can be said of parents of children with albinism, who often have to curtail their economic activity to accommodate the need to watch over their children day and night and to escort them to and from school. This strain on family economics increases the likelihood that a child with albinism will be viewed as a burden or curse on the family. This in turn increases the child`s vulnerability to attacks initiated or facilitated by family members. | Independent Expert on the enjoyment of human rights by persons with albinism | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2016 | ||
Preliminary survey on the root causes of attacks and discrimination against persons with albinism 2016, para. 38 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Various authors have emphasized the continued reliance on witchcraft in many African societies and the necessity to take the phenomenon into account to fully understand the contemporary social context. It has also been reported that, despite opposition by religious leaders, access to basic education, and the enactment of legislation criminalizing witchcraft accusations and some forms of practice, witchcraft still remains embedded in society. It remains attractive to a significant number of people as it promises a holistic explanation for human hardships, including by linking socioeconomic misfortunes to other apparent "misfortunes", such as the birth of a child with albinism in a family. | Independent Expert on the enjoyment of human rights by persons with albinism | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2016 |
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