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Title | Date added | Template | Original document | Paragraph text | Body | Document type | Thematics | Topic(s) | Person(s) affected | Year |
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Annual Report of the WG on Discrimination against Women in Law and in Practice 2012, para. 19c | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | [The Working Group will examine:] (c) The extent to which States have met the obligation to fulfil women's rights to equality and to the exercise and fulfilment by women of human rights and fundamental freedoms. This will involve the identification of the variety of measures and steps taken by States to implement equality laws and to prevent the application of gender-neutral laws in a way that has a discriminatory impact on women. Special attention will be given to programmatic and institutional frameworks aimed at fulfilling the specific needs of women, including through specialized national mechanisms and machineries on women's human rights, and through the thorough and consistent compilation of sex-disaggregated data. The examination of good practices for this purpose would include temporary special measures, measures for the accommodation of maternity, and measures to prevent, prosecute, punish, and provide redress in relation to violations of women's human rights, including through transitional justice processes. | Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2012 | ||
Annual Report of the WG on Discrimination against Women in Law and in Practice 2012, para. 21 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | In view of the broad thematic scope of its mandate, covering discrimination against women in law and in practice, the Working Group has identified four thematic areas of focus, namely, political and public life; economic and social life; family and cultural life; and health and safety. The Working Group regards violence against women and the intersection of various grounds of discrimination as cross-cutting in all of its work. It is paying particular attention to specific groups of women, including but not limited to women living in poverty, migrant women, women with disabilities, women belonging to minorities, rural and indigenous women, older women, girls, including adolescents, women in conflict and post-conflict situations, refugee women, internally displaced women and stateless women. | Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2012 | ||
Annual Report of the WG on Discrimination against Women in Law and in Practice 2012, para. 24 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | The Working Group will address this issue from the point of view of States' obligations to eliminate discrimination against women in political and public life, to fulfil women's civil and political rights in their interrelatedness and interdependence with other human rights, and to provide equal opportunity and ways and means for the empowerment of women in these areas, in accordance with international human rights law. Its approach is based on the recognition of women's right to substantive equality in all aspects of political and public life as a human right essential to women's human dignity. The Working Group intends to articulate, in its 2013 thematic report, the most current understanding of discrimination against women in political and public life, including the intersection of multiple grounds of discrimination, with a keen eye on the differential impacts on women of efforts to eliminate discriminatory laws. | Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2012 | ||
Annual Report of the WG on Discrimination against Women in Law and in Practice 2012, para. 25 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | The Working Group is guided by articles 4, 7, 8 and 9 of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, as well as the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women's general recommendation No. 23 (1997), in which the Committee states: The political and public life of a country is a broad concept. It refers to the exercise of political power, in particular the exercise of legislative, judicial, executive and administrative powers. The term covers all aspects of public administration and the formulation and implementation of policy at the international, national, regional and local levels. The concept also includes many aspects of civil society, including public boards and local councils and the activities of organizations such as political parties, trade unions, professional or industry associations, women's organizations, community-based organizations and other organizations concerned with public and political life. | Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2012 | ||
Annual Report of the WG on Discrimination against Women in Law and in Practice 2012, para. 26 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | The Working Group will further refer, in particular, to articles 2, 3 and 25 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and Human Rights Committee general comments No. 28 (2000) on the equality of rights between men and women and No. 25 (1996) on the right to participate in public affairs, voting rights and the right of equal access to public service. With regard to the obligation of States to modify cultural patterns of conduct inhibiting the advancement of women's human rights, the Working Group also refers to Human Rights Committee general comment No. 34 (2011) on the freedoms of opinion and expression. | Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2012 | ||
Annual Report of the WG on Discrimination against Women in Law and in Practice 2012, para. 27 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | In relation to its focus on times of political transition, the Working Group will look at countries that are presently going through processes of political transition, as well as countries with lessons learned from past political transitions, particularly since the entry into force of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women in 1981. The Working Group is attentive to the fact that while political transitions provide a unique opportunity to improve respect for women's civil and political rights, including their participation in the political system, and women's status in the legal and social systems, there is also a danger of regression on women's human rights. | Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2012 | ||
Annual Report of the WG on Discrimination against Women in Law and in Practice 2012, para. 28 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | The Working Group will also incorporate into its review the fact that women participating in political change and public life are often exposed to violence. The Working Group takes note of reports that women defenders are more at risk than men of suffering from certain forms of violence and other violations, due to the perception that they are challenging accepted sociocultural norms, traditions, perceptions and stereotypes about femininity, sexual orientation, the family and the role and status of women in society. | Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2012 | ||
Annual Report of the WG on Discrimination against Women in Law and in Practice 2012, para. 29 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | The Working Group intends to examine measures taken by States in political transition to improve women's constitutional and political position and their status in society and protect them from all forms of violence. It recognizes the agency of women, including as conducted through international and regional institutions and networks, in influencing positive change at the national level. Recommendations will be made on improving legislation and the implementation of laws to empower women and to secure women's right to a full and equal political and public life. | Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2012 | ||
Annual Report of the WG on Discrimination against Women in Law and in Practice 2012, para. 30 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | In order to develop its research on this thematic priority, the Working Group sent letters to all States Members of the United Nations on 8 December 2011 seeking information on: constitutional and other legislative initiatives and reforms put in place to promote women's rights and gender equality; the framework of State institutions, machineries and mechanisms to implement actions in order to fight against all forms of discrimination and violence against women; women's political participation, on equal terms with men, in the transitional and post-transitional process at all levels of decision-making; and women's access to justice, including transitional justice mechanisms. The Working Group takes this opportunity to thank the 40 States that had responded to the call for information at the time of submission of the document. | Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2012 | ||
Annual Report of the WG on Discrimination against Women in Law and in Practice 2012, para. 57 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | In its one year of existence, the Working Group has developed and refined its methods of work, articulated its substantive priorities and developed a plan for implementing its tasks. Given the breadth of its mandate, covering discrimination against women in law and in practice in all fields, the Working Group is focusing on two priority themes in 2012 and 2013, namely, discrimination against women in law and in practice in the contexts of political and public life and of economic and social life. The Working Group is looking at the impact of political transitions and the economic crisis on the enjoyment by women of their human rights. | Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2012 | ||
Annual Report of the WG on Discrimination against Women in Law and in Practice 2012, para. 58 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | The Working Group is aiming to respond to the expectations placed on it by numerous individuals and organizations in relation to issues of discrimination against women. It is communicating with Governments on various issues within its mandate and is undertaking outreach and partnerships with a range of stakeholders to both inform and support its own work and ensure that its outputs catalyse further actions by stakeholders. It looks forward to continuing this engagement with all stakeholders and to responding to issues addressed to it on discrimination against women in law and in practice. | Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2012 | ||
Annual Report of the WG on Discrimination against Women in Law and in Practice 2012, para. 5 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | In September 1995, at the Fourth World Conference on Women in Beijing, participating Governments adopted the Beijing Declaration, by which they reaffirmed their fundamental commitment to "the equal rights and inherent human dignity of women and men" (para. 8) and stated unequivocally that "women's rights are human rights" (para. 14). They also adopted the Beijing Platform for Action, in which they pledged to ensure equality and non-discrimination under the law and in practice (strategic objective I.1), and, more specifically, to "revoke any remaining laws that discriminate on the basis of sex and remove gender bias in the administration of justice" (para. 232 (d)). In 2000, during the five-year review and appraisal of the implementation of the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action by the General Assembly at its twenty-third special session, Governments committed to reviewing legislation with a view to striving to remove discriminatory provisions against women, preferably by 2005. | Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2012 | ||
Annual Report of the WG on Discrimination against Women in Law and in Practice 2012, para. 7 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | In its resolution 12/17 of 2 October 2009, the Human Rights Council requested the High Commissioner for Human Rights to prepare a thematic study on discrimination against women in law and in practice and on how the issue was being addressed throughout the United Nations human rights system. The request represented a continuation of the commitment made during the World Conference on Human Rights, held in Vienna in 1993, to integrate women's human rights into the overall human rights system. The report (A/HRC/15/40) was presented to the Council at its fifteenth session in September 2010 and discussed during an interactive plenary panel debate. In the report, the High Commissioner concluded that, notwithstanding the work undertaken by United Nations human rights mechanisms, further measures were required to eliminate de jure and de facto inequalities (para. 63). One of the proposed measures was the establishment of a new special procedure of the Human Rights Council that would focus on laws and practices that discriminate against women (para. 57). | Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2012 | ||
Annual Report of the WG on Discrimination against Women in Law and in Practice 2012, para. 8 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | The Human Rights Council adopted, without a vote, resolution 15/23, which established the mandate of the Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and in practice during its fifteenth session, on 1 October 2010. It is the second special procedure of the Human Rights Council dedicated to addressing women's human rights, complementing the mandate of the Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences, which was established in 1994 immediately following the World Conference on Human Rights. | Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2012 | ||
Annual Report of the WG on Discrimination against Women in Law and in Practice 2012, para. 10 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | In more than two decades of democratization projects worldwide, beginning with the breakdown of Latin American authoritarian regimes and the fall of the Berlin Wall up to the Arab Spring in the Middle East and North Africa today, a wide range of efforts by States, citizens and organizations to address discrimination against women have been made as integral parts of bold and historic processes of the renewal of whole nations and regions. In other contexts, breakthroughs in law and practice occur as part of the responsiveness and accountability of States to an active citizenry committed to equality, non-discrimination and human rights for all women and men. The success or failure of efforts to effectively eliminate discrimination against women depends on how securely they are located within genuine processes of social and political transformation. | Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2012 | ||
Annual Report of the WG on Discrimination against Women in Law and in Practice 2012, para. 11 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | The political will to revise or repeal discriminatory laws can arise voluntarily as part of an overall renegotiation of the social contract, and as an act of astute policymaking compelled by social economic developments that have brought about undeniable and irreversible changes in women's roles in practice. The growing participation of women in political, economic, social and cultural life has contributed to the introduction of gender-responsive changes in laws and policies on protection in the workplace, security in the home and community, and entitlements in property ownership and electoral processes. | Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2012 | ||
Annual Report of the WG on Discrimination against Women in Law and in Practice 2012, para. 12 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Progress is not linear, however, and new political openings can bring about backlash, reverse advances and produce new forms of discriminatory laws and practices. Complex national reforms can result in contradictory laws and policies, between national/federal and subnational/local levels, across different regions of the country, and among sectors of social and economic life. Good practices in eliminating discrimination against women in law and in practice include the ability to overcome backlash or backsliding and establish grounds for the sustainability of achievements in substantive equality. | Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2012 | ||
Annual Report of the WG on Discrimination against Women in Law and in Practice 2012, para. 14 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | At the same time, no effective implementation of equality guarantees for women can be sustained without the genuine empowerment of women in all fields. This can only be achieved on the solid foundation of women's equal access to fundamental freedoms and rights, including the rights to security of person, to privacy, to freedom of expression, to freedom of association, and to freedom of thought, conscience and religion, in the context of the broader array of civil and political rights. Women's enjoyment of those freedoms and rights, in turn, can be attained only if they are able to benefit from their economic, social and cultural rights, including equal rights to property, occupation and employment, social protection and participation in cultural life, as well as from effective protection against violence. | Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2012 | ||
Annual Report of the WG on Discrimination against Women in Law and in Practice 2012, para. 15 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | To achieve substantive equality in all fields, women initiate, lead and sustain long-term negotiations in formal political and legal institutions as well as in social and cultural organizations and communities. Women take action to end all forms of discrimination and human rights violations, independently as individuals and/or collectively as part of groups, organizations, coalitions and movements. Unprecedented levels of global migration, persistent poverty and inequalities, long-standing unresolved disputes and wars have compelled women to address the human rights of non-citizens and stateless persons, particularly the gendered implications of violations of their human rights. By claiming their place as full and equal citizens of nations and of the global community, women have become crucial agents of change in eliminating discrimination against women in law and in practice. Good practices in sustaining achievements in equality and non-discrimination involve the active agency of women themselves. | Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2012 | ||
Annual Report of the WG on Discrimination against Women in Law and in Practice 2012, para. 17 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | The Working Group has decided to address the elimination of discrimination against women in law and in practice in all fields and from the perspective of States' obligations to respect, protect and fulfil women's human rights. In view of the work being carried out by international and regional human rights bodies and other special procedure mandate holders, the Working Group agreed that it would build on existing standards and initiatives, as well as on the available knowledge and tools produced to date by States, United Nations bodies, and civil society on the subject. Pursuant to paragraph 18 (d) of Human Rights Council resolution 15/23, the Working Group aims to draw on and reinforce the work of the Commission on the Status of Women, the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women and other United Nations bodies on the issue of eliminating all forms of discrimination against women. | Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2012 | ||
Annual Report of the WG on Discrimination against Women in Law and in Practice 2012, para. 18 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | The Working Group will use the term of "good" or "promising" practices rather than "best" practices to take into account the complex contextual framework of practices located in the wide spectrum of bad to good practices. This builds on existing work on this issue by other special procedure mandate holders, which includes the preference towards using the terminology of "good practices". The Working Group seeks to look at good practices that have been transformative in relation to eliminating discrimination against women in law and in practice in different contexts and in the light of the different realities that women face. | Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2012 | ||
Annual Report of the WG on Discrimination against Women in Law and in Practice 2012, para. 19a | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | [The Working Group will examine:] (a) The extent to which States have met the obligation to respect women's rights to equality and to the exercise and fulfilment by women of human rights and fundamental freedoms. This will involve surveying existing and newly introduced discriminatory laws and practices. The Working Group will pay special attention to the direct or indirect inclusion of discriminatory provisions in legislation or case law that apply discriminatory interpretations of statutory, customary, religious or deontological regulations. The Working Group will compile good practices in the elimination of laws and regulations that are both directly and indirectly discriminatory to women. The examination of good practices for this purpose would include constitutional amendments, judicial review, legislative reform, litigation and case law, policy and institutional reform, independent human rights monitoring, political action, and religious or cultural hermeneutic projects; | Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2012 | ||
Eliminating discrimination against women in political and public life with a focus on political transition 2013, para. 43 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | The Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU), in its 2013 Plan of Action for Gender-sensitive Parliaments, has drawn attention to the need for gender sensitivity in the composition, structures, operations, methods and work of parliaments. In the plan, it noted that "gender-sensitive parliaments remove the barriers to women's full participation and offer a positive example or model to society at large" (p. 8). The Working Group considers the IPU plan of action to be adaptable for other public and political institutions in which women's equal representation must be secured. | Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2013 | ||
Eliminating discrimination against women in political and public life with a focus on political transition 2013, para. 44 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | The election and appointment of women to public and political office is a necessary condition for equality in public and political life, but the number of women in office is insufficient for advancing gender equality in society. Evidence shows that women who are appointed or elected to public office do not necessarily promote gender-equality agendas. Policy outcomes that advance substantive equality between men and women involve larger processes of public debate, alliance-building across political divides, and activism by autonomous women's movements based on universal standards of equality, non-discrimination, human rights and inclusive democracy. | Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2013 | ||
Eliminating discrimination against women in political and public life with a focus on political transition 2013, para. 46 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Women's participation in political and public life remains dynamic, multifaceted, and resilient, including in gaining access to power through alternative structures, as recognized in the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action. Even as the glass ceiling in formal political institutions stays mostly intact, women actively open new spaces for discourse, build networks across long-standing divides and create new communities of engagement. Through the autonomous movements they build at the local to global levels, women's political engagements develop across formal administrative boundaries and are transnational in reach based on the universality of women's right to equality, challenging unequal power relations, demanding accountability, defending rights and achievements, and advocating for systemic and cultural change in societies, institutions and States. Women's autonomous civil society organizations are crucial to women's participation in public and political life. | Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice | Special Procedures' report |
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Eliminating discrimination against women in political and public life with a focus on political transition 2013, para. 47 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Women's rights advocates engage actively in different normative regimes, including religious communities and indigenous or customary groups. They do so, among others, by initiating hermeneutic projects within their respective religions. In their cultural communities, women express their opinions on politics also through the arts, including writings, music and plays, and their works have been attacked, criminalized and condemned by State and non-State actors. In certain contexts, economically independent women playing leadership roles are stigmatized and attacked as witches. Lesbian, bisexual and transgender women who defend their human rights are vulnerable to attacks on their civil rights and personhood where there is a climate of intolerance arising from their perceived challenge to established norms of gender identity, gender roles and sexuality. | Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2013 | ||
Eliminating discrimination against women in political and public life with a focus on political transition 2013, para. 48 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | The new space and opportunities created by revolutionary developments in ICTs have enabled women to initiate or enhance their participation in political and public life. Women who are confined in private homes have used ICTs as a means to break out of their isolation and take part in collective action. Women who live under threat of attack because of their sexual orientation have found safety in the anonymity of the Internet, which allows them to freely speak out, establish virtual communities and participate in public debates. During moments of political unrest, women have utilized SMS, micro-blogging and social networking to provide "bodyguard" protection to each other on the ground. | Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2013 | ||
Eliminating discrimination against women in political and public life with a focus on political transition 2013, para. 50 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | The democratic deficit undermines women's substantive participation in political and public life. Patronage politics, corruption, and undemocratic local government reduce women's effectiveness in the political arena, as they prevent transparency and accountability in decision-making and in the distribution of resources. Gender discriminatory policies and regulations have been applied by autonomous local governments even when national or federal laws mandate gender equality. Empowering women's participation in political and public life from the community level up helps build a culture of accountability, as it broadens the constituency for democratic decision-making, and is crucial to the effective application of good governance at all levels. | Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2013 | ||
Eliminating discrimination against women in political and public life with a focus on political transition 2013, para. 15 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Since the introduction of the Convention, the world's political landscape has gone through substantial changes. These have been marked, variously in different regions and States, by the dismantling of long-standing totalitarian regimes, democratization and the emergence of new forms of authoritarianism. This period has also witnessed armed conflicts both between and within States, the creation of refugee populations and international involvement in conflict resolution and peacebuilding. Technological leaps in the field of information and communications, particularly the Internet, have created a new public and political space, with revolutionary impact on the development and the exercise of human rights, allowing new forms of political expression and mobilization, and facilitating political communication and organization for men and women globally. | Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2013 | ||
Eliminating discrimination against women in political and public life with a focus on political transition 2013, para. 16 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | At the same time, international commitment to fulfilling women's equal right to political participation has grown substantially. The 1993 World Conference on Human Rights and its outcome document, the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action, whose twentieth anniversary is being commemorated in 2013, gave recognition to women's rights as human rights. In 1995, the Fourth World Conference on Women and its outcome document, the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action, became the catalyst for governments around the world to introduce special measures, such as quotas for women's political representation, and propelled the doubling of the global average of such representation in less than two decades. Further, the Security Council made an historic breakthrough in 2000 when it adopted its resolution 1325 (2000), with a view to enhancing the role of women and the gender perspective in conflict resolution and peacebuilding. | Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice | Special Procedures' report |
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