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Title | Date added | Template | Original document | Paragraph text | Body | Document type | Thematics | Topic(s) | Person(s) affected | Year |
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Right to health in early childhood - Right to survival and development 2015, para. 79 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Gender biases within families give rise to a range of inequalities that obstruct the optimal development of the girl child. Where gender inequalities persist, boys may receive greater medical attention and girls may be vulnerable to discriminatory feeding patterns. | Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2015 | ||
Sports and healthy lifestyles as contributing factors to the right to health 2016, para. 64 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Women constitute half of the world's population and are a highly heterogeneous group; health risks are not shared equally among all women. Overweight and obesity are increasingly prevalent among adolescent girls from highly urbanized areas, certain ethnic minorities, and those living with disabilities. Moreover, adolescent girls are particularly vulnerable to anxiety and depressive disorders, in comparison to boys. Accordingly, there is a significant need to engage at-risk women and girls in physical activity and sport, particularly at points when activity levels are most likely to drop steeply. | Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2016 | ||
Sports and healthy lifestyles as contributing factors to the right to health 2016, para. 53 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Moreover, sex segregation policies have led to multiple rights violations in sport. Sex segregation has historically been justified on the basis of safety and fairness, rooted in assumptions of male physical superiority. Various legal decisions have noted that this is a generalization and have granted individual girls and women the right to compete in male sporting competitions - although not vice versa. Although it is important to preserve spaces for girls and women to confidently participate in sport, this should not result in exclusion of others, such as transgender people. | Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2016 | ||
Right to health of adolescents 2016, para. 94 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | The Special Rapporteur deplores the imposition of treatments to try to change sexual orientation and gender identity, including forced sex assignment surgeries for intersex youth, forced sterilizations and abortions for girls with disabilities, the use of surgery and hormone therapy to stunt the growth of children with developmental disabilities and remove their reproductive organs, and the pathologizing of transgender identity and same-sex attraction as psychiatric disorders. States should eliminate such practices and to repeal all laws criminalizing or otherwise discriminating against individuals on the basis of their sexual orientation or gender identity and expression. There is a need to reform and update national health information systems to include human rights concepts and variables such as lesbian, gay, bisexual and intersex status. | Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2016 | ||
Right to health of adolescents 2016, para. 87 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | AIDS is the second most common cause of death among adolescents globally. Worldwide, adolescents in key population groups, including gay and bisexual boys, transgender adolescents, adolescents who exchange sex for money, goods or favours and adolescents who inject drugs, are also at a higher risk of HIV infection. Adolescent girls in high-HIV burden countries are particularly vulnerable, making up 75 per cent of new infections in Africa in 2013, with gender inequality, harmful traditional practices and punitive age of consent laws identified as drivers of the epidemic. These sectors and groups face a disproportionately high risk of experiencing stigma, discrimination, violence, rejection by families, criminalization and other human rights violations when seeking sexual and reproductive health services, including denial of access to health-care services, such as HIV testing, counselling and treatment. | Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2016 | ||
Right to health of adolescents 2016, para. 84 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Many adolescents, in particular girls and those identifying as lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender, are deterred from approaching health professionals in anticipation of a judgemental attitude that results from social norms or laws that stigmatize or criminalize their sexual behaviour. Rights to sexual and reproductive health for many adolescents are further compromised by violence, including sexual and institutional violence, coercion into unwanted sex or marriage, and patriarchal and heteronormative practices and values. This reinforces harmful gender stereotypes and unequal power relations that make it difficult for many adolescent girls to refuse sex or insist on safe and responsible sex practices. | Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2016 | ||
Right to health of adolescents 2016, para. 39 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Adolescent girls, adolescents with disabilities, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex adolescents, adolescents living in institutions and adolescents from communities with a proliferation of unregulated weapons or experiencing armed conflict are among those particularly vulnerable to violence. The risks for girls include, for example, exposure to sexual violence and exploitation, forced and early marriage, honour killings and abusive practices often carried out in health-care settings, such as forced sterilization and forced abortion for girls with disabilities, and forced virginity testing. | Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2016 | ||
Right to health of adolescents 2016, para. 14 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Although opportunities for adolescents in many parts of the world have improved in recent years, the second decade of life is associated with exposure to increasing risks to the right to health, including violence, abuse, sexual or economic exploitation, trafficking, harmful traditional practices, migration, radicalization, recruitment into gangs or militias, self-harm, substance use and dependence and obesity. Gender inequalities become more significant as, for example, girls become exposed to child marriage, sexual violence and lower levels of enrolment in secondary education. The world in which adolescents live poses profound challenges, including poverty and inequality, climate change and environmental degradation, urbanization and migration, radical changes in employment potential, aging societies, rising health-care costs and escalating humanitarian and security crises. | Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2016 | ||
Right to health in early childhood - Right to survival and development 2015, para. 80 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | International human rights law places particular emphasis on the responsibility of States to address discrimination against women and girls and ensure that they enjoy their rights on the basis of equality with men and boys. Among other actions, States must ensure that national law provides a robust framework for gender equality and non-discrimination. In the context of early child development, policies and programmes must pay particular attention to redressing discrimination and to equality. For example, parenting programmes should be gender sensitive and States should make particular efforts to address any discrepancy in educational attainment between girls and boys. | Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2015 | ||
The realization of the right to health of older persons 2011, para. 29 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Older women are often more disadvantaged because they may suffer from a combination of both gender and age discrimination. Ageing women make up a significant proportion of the world's population, with the majority of older women living in developing countries. A number of life-course events adversely affect the health of women in older age, including discrimination against infant girls in the provision of food and care, barriers to education, low incomes and poorer access to decent work, care-giving responsibilities as mothers and wives, domestic violence (during childhood, adulthood and elder abuse), widowhood, and cultural traditions and attitudes towards health care. Lower incomes, disruptions to work due to family responsibilities, and discrimination in access to the labour force during women's working life mean that women often have less retirement savings and are therefore more financially vulnerable in older age. | Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2011 | ||
The right to health and development 2011, para. 15 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Of the eight Millennium Development Goals subsequently developed to reflect the objectives agreed upon in the Millennium Declaration in 2000, Goals 4, 5 and 6 deal with health directly and others deals with underlying determinants of health. At least 8 of the 16 MDG targets, and 17 of the 48 related indicators, are health-related. As the MDGs have become a major focus of health-related development work, it was an important step for these goals to place health at the very centre of the development enterprise. Moreover, at the 2010 high-level plenary meeting of the General Assembly, States committed to promoting global public health for all to achieve the MDGs and to ensure "respect for human rights, promote gender equality and the empowerment of women as essential means of addressing the health of women and girls, and to address the stigmatization of people living with and affected by HIV and AIDS". The normative framework that is now well developed and understood for the right to health is well placed to inform the efforts towards achieving the MDGs. | Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2011 |
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