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Title | Date added | Template | Original document | Paragraph text | Body | Document type | Thematics | Topic(s) | Person(s) affected | Year |
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Reflections on the six-year tenure of the Special Rapporteur 2017, para. 92 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | The Special Rapporteur calls upon States to review their respective domestic legislation to ensure that it is fully in line with the Declaration on the Rights of Persons Belonging to National or Ethnic, Religious and Linguistic Minorities. She recalls the four pillars of minority rights protection that should be reflected in those laws: (a) the protection of a minority's survival by combating violence against its members and preventing genocide; (b) the protection and promotion of the cultural identity of minority groups, and their right to enjoy their collective identity and to reject forced assimilation; (c) the guarantee of the rights to non-discrimination and equality, including ending structural or systemic discrimination and the promotion of affirmative action, when required; (d) the right to effective participation of minorities in public life and in decisions that affect them. The Special Rapporteur wishes to stress that merely having non-discrimination clauses, according to which all members of the society are to be treated equally, without the aforementioned additional guarantees have often proven insufficient for effective protection of disadvantaged minorities. | Special Rapporteur on minority issues | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2017 | ||
Minorities in the criminal justice system 2015, para. 63 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Minority victims of crimes are entitled to equal access to justice and reparation; indeed, the special needs of minorities should be taken into account in the provision of victim services and assistance. In practice however, these rights are often not respected or fulfilled. | Special Rapporteur on minority issues | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2015 | ||
Reflections on the six-year tenure of the Special Rapporteur 2017, para. 57 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | In the following paragraphs, the Special Rapporteur highlights issues that have consistently emerged during the course of her work, including country visits, which she considers as requiring greater attention by Governments, the international community and minority groups. | Special Rapporteur on minority issues | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2017 | ||
Minorities in the criminal justice system 2015, para. 110 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights should consider producing guidelines on integration with diversity in policing, thereby resuming the process initiated under the former Working Group on Minorities. | Special Rapporteur on minority issues | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2015 | ||
Minorities in the criminal justice system 2015, para. 106 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | States should ascertain whether minorities are subjected to harsher penalties in sentencing or execution of sentence, identify any role that direct or indirect discrimination plays in this regard, and take measures to eliminate it. | Special Rapporteur on minority issues | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2015 | ||
Minorities in the criminal justice system 2015, para. 98 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | States should establish mechanisms, policies and practices for community-oriented policing which bring together police agencies and minorities to participate in the administration of justice, and to foster trust, dialogue and partnership. | Special Rapporteur on minority issues | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2015 | ||
Minorities in the criminal justice system 2015, para. 74 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Rules of general application concerning formalities, such as appropriate dress in the courtroom (removal of headwear for instance), may, if applied without exception, be perceived as means of excluding or denigrating minorities, negatively impacting on their participation, cooperation and attitude towards the court. | Special Rapporteur on minority issues | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2015 | ||
Minorities in the criminal justice system 2015, para. 51 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Independent professional bodies for judges, prosecutors and lawyers should ensure that codes of conduct prohibit discrimination against minorities, that complaints of discrimination are promptly and impartially investigated, and that disciplinary proceedings follow whenever complaints are well founded. | Special Rapporteur on minority issues | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2015 | ||
Priorities for the work of the Independent Expert and the twentieth anniversary of the Declaration on the Rights of Persons Belonging to National or Ethnic, Religious and Linguistic Minorities 2012, para. 82 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | The independent expert looks forward to fulfilling the requirements of her Human Rights Council mandate and to constructive and fruitful cooperation with diverse stakeholders in all regions towards that end. She particularly notes her desire for a constructive engagement with United Nations Member States and encourages Member States to respond positively to her requests for information or for country visits, while emphasizing that her mandate remains available to provide assistance to States and respond to their requests, including in the area of technical cooperation, to the fullest extent possible. Equally, the independent expert reiterates the importance that she places on the role and views of non-governmental organizations and representatives of minority communities themselves, including in providing information to her and engaging and assisting her fully as she conducts her work on minority issues and with and on behalf of minority communities. | Special Rapporteur on minority issues | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2012 | ||
Priorities for the work of the Independent Expert and the twentieth anniversary of the Declaration on the Rights of Persons Belonging to National or Ethnic, Religious and Linguistic Minorities 2012, para. 53 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | During the course of 2012 the independent expert looks forward to participating in a variety of events to mark the 20th anniversary. Among these events will be a series of sub-regional conferences organized by the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights and hosted by some of its regional offices. These events will seek to bring together a variety of stakeholders from the regions in question including representatives of national Governments, civil society actors working in the field of minority rights, and regional staff from OHCHR and United Nations specialized agencies. The events will promote awareness of the Declaration and consider specific issues most relevant to minorities in the region in question. Regional events will also provide a valuable opportunity for the independent expert and OHCHR to deliver the recommendations of the Forum on Minority Issues and other relevant recommendations, guidelines and resources to decision makers and stakeholders in a sub-regional context. | Special Rapporteur on minority issues | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2012 | ||
Reflections on the six-year tenure of the Special Rapporteur 2017, para. 99 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | The United Nations in general should advocate more strongly for minority rights protection at both national and regional levels, to seek to ensure that States strengthen their legal, policy and institutional frameworks and that regional anti-discrimination and minority rights standards and mechanisms are put in place for the protection and promotion of minority rights, respectively. Equally, the Organization should consider strengthening existing mechanisms and platforms for minorities within the United Nations system, including the Forum on Minority Issues. It would be important for the United Nations network on racial discrimination and the protection of minorities to regularly update the Human Rights Council about its work. Furthermore, the establishment of a committee to monitor the implementation of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide is long overdue and would assist Member States in complying with the Convention. It would also be crucial to appoint a high-level official on minority issues within the Secretariat as well to establish senior positions within United Nations departments and agencies to look into issues of minority rights protection, diversity management and safeguarding pluralistic societies. The designation of minority focal points in all United Nations field offices would be another great step forward. | Special Rapporteur on minority issues | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2017 | ||
Reflections on the six-year tenure of the Special Rapporteur 2017, para. 87 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | During her tenure, the Special Rapporteur has promoted the work of and the recommendations emanating from the Forum on Minority Issues in other forums. As a regional follow-up activity to the Forum, she travelled to Banjul in April 2013 to attend the fifty-third ordinary session of the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights where, among other activities, she organized a public side event with the participation of Commissioner Soyata Maïga, who served as Chair of the fifth session of the Forum. That event provided an opportunity to brief the participants about the mandate and the Forum, and to share information related to minorities with different African human rights mechanisms. In November 2015, the Special Rapporteur organized a side event during the eighth session of the Forum to consider, inter alia, ways to improve the structure and working methods of the Forum, to share best practices on how to better mainstream its recommendations and to discuss how United Nations mechanisms, in particular the Forum, could remain relevant for and accessible to minorities on the ground. In October 2016, on the occasion of the presentation of her report to the General Assembly, she convened a consultative session in New York that served as an opportunity to discuss the draft recommendations of the Forum ahead of its ninth session as well as to raise awareness of the work of the Forum outside Geneva and engage relevant stakeholders in New York. | Special Rapporteur on minority issues | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2017 | ||
Reflections on the six-year tenure of the Special Rapporteur 2017, para. 86 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | The mandate of the Special Rapporteur thus complements and enhances the work of the Forum, and the Special Rapporteur has fostered the complementary and mutual reinforcement of both mechanisms throughout her tenure. She has guided a total of six sessions of the Forum on the following themes: "Guaranteeing the rights of minority women" (2011), "Implementing the United Nations declaration on minority rights: identifying positive practices and opportunities" (2012), "Guaranteeing the rights of religious minorities" (2013), "Preventing and addressing violence and atrocity crimes targeted against minorities" (2014), "Minorities in the criminal justice system" (2015) and "Minorities in situations of humanitarian crises" (2016). Since 2013, the Special Rapporteur has devoted her annual thematic report to the General Assembly to the same topic as the Forum session, as a means to contribute to and inform the discussions within the Forum. The Special Rapporteur notes that the themes she selected for the annual sessions focused on areas that had emerged as particularly concerning or problematic for minorities and where they believed that minority rights should be better applied and mainstreamed. She believes that the Forum makes a vital contribution to deepening international understanding on these important and topical areas as well as to international standard and norm setting. | Special Rapporteur on minority issues | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2017 | ||
Reflections on the six-year tenure of the Special Rapporteur 2017, para. 84 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | The Special Rapporteur encourages United Nations offices and agencies, Member States and civil society and minority representatives to organize specific initiatives to mark this important anniversary to further promote awareness of the Declaration and consider specific issues most relevant to minorities. | Special Rapporteur on minority issues | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2017 | ||
Reflections on the six-year tenure of the Special Rapporteur 2017, para. 64 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | In some instances, States are reluctant to recognize the existence of minority groups within their territories, and therefore reject the concept of "minority" and the recognition of minority status for those groups. In other cases, States legally recognize certain groups as minorities in their constitution, but apply restrictive definitions or discriminatory criteria, for example, when introducing citizenship as a distinguishing criterion for granting minority rights (ibid., para. 10). | Special Rapporteur on minority issues | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2017 | ||
Reflections on the six-year tenure of the Special Rapporteur 2017, para. 60 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | The Special Rapporteur is concerned that in some regions and in several countries, minority rights protection is not seen to be important, or even relevant, owing to deliberate denial or lack of understanding of its legitimacy. There is a need for stronger awareness-raising on what the entire minority rights protection regime entails, that it also includes wide-ranging issues around religious and linguistic identity, and that the effective promotion and protection of the rights of minorities contribute to the political and social stability of States and, therefore, are always timely and important. It is essential to understand that majority-minority relations should be assessed not only from a national perspective but also specifically in the context of smaller territorial and local levels, where the dynamics and dimensions of identity, ethnicity, religion, language and access to power and resources are frequently more important and play a greater role in the daily lives of individuals and communities. The notions of "majority" and "minority" may be interchangeable and depend on the particular context, as a group that constitutes a dominant majority nationally or regionally may be numerically inferior and non-dominant in another region. Therefore, minority rights standards must also be applied to those groups constituting de facto minorities in the localities where they live. | Special Rapporteur on minority issues | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2017 | ||
Reflections on the six-year tenure of the Special Rapporteur 2017, para. 50 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | The Special Rapporteur sought further opportunities to build on the work of the previous mandate holder on the role of minority rights protection in conflict prevention presented to the General Assembly in 2010 and the Human Rights Council in 2011, and dedicated her report to the General Assembly in 2014 (A/69/266) as well as the seventh session of the Forum on Minority Issues to preventing and addressing violence and atrocities against minorities. | Special Rapporteur on minority issues | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2017 | ||
Reflections on the six-year tenure of the Special Rapporteur 2017, para. 35 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | The Forum on Minority Issues continued to serve as a unique platform for dialogue between minority representatives, civil society, academia, United Nations agencies and Member States on the challenges and progress made relevant to minority rights protection. In section E below the Special Rapporteur discusses the current state of the Forum and makes recommendations on how to improve it further. | Special Rapporteur on minority issues | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2017 | ||
Minorities and discrimination based on caste and analogous systems of inherited status 2016, para. 47 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | The Declaration on the Rights of Persons Belonging to National or Ethnic, Religious and Linguistic Minorities requires States to take measures to ensure "that persons belonging to minorities may exercise fully and effectively all their human rights and fundamental freedoms without any discrimination and in full equality before the law" (art. 4 (1)). | Special Rapporteur on minority issues | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2016 | ||
Minorities in situations of humanitarian crises 2016, para. 50 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Indeed, displacement of minority communities continued unabated in 2014 and 2015. In Iraq, visited by the Special Rapporteur in February 2016, the Yezidi minority have been targeted on the basis of their identity by the Islamic State, and forced to flee their homes, in particular in Sinjar, Northern Iraq. Other Iraqi minority communities, including Christians, Turkmen, and certain Sunni Arab tribes, have also been particularly exposed to attacks by members of the Islamic State. | Special Rapporteur on minority issues | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2016 | ||
Minorities in situations of humanitarian crises 2016, para. 41 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Finally, UNHCR's Working with National or Ethnic, Religious and Linguistic Minorities and Indigenous Peoples in Forced Displacement (2011) is a very useful tool which acknowledges the potential vulnerabilities of minorities who are displaced, and recognizes that these obstacles may be multiplied during forced displacement and increase protection risks. | Special Rapporteur on minority issues | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2016 | ||
Minorities in situations of humanitarian crises 2016, para. 35 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | The Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC), the primary mechanism for inter-agency coordination of humanitarian assistance, has developed Operational Guidelines on protection of persons in situations of natural disaster. This document also contains important references to minorities and an annex on the protection of specific groups, cross-referencing the relevant guidelines. | Special Rapporteur on minority issues | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2016 | ||
Minorities in situations of humanitarian crises 2016, para. 34 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Underlying International Humanitarian Law are the principles of humanity, impartiality, neutrality, and independence, and the key norm of "Do no harm". In the context of minority rights, this is inherently interlinked with the principle of non discrimination, and therefore all humanitarian action should therefore strive to treat minorities equally, without adverse distinction. | Special Rapporteur on minority issues | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2016 | ||
Minorities in situations of humanitarian crises 2016, para. 33 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Given that minorities are often at risk of statelessness, the 1954 Convention Relating to the Status of Stateless Persons and the 1961 Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness are also relevant. Article 9 of the 1961 Convention stipulates that "A Contracting State may not deprive any person or group of persons of their nationality on racial, ethnic, religious or political grounds". | Special Rapporteur on minority issues | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2016 | ||
Hate speech and incitement to hatred against minorities in the media 2015, para. 112 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | The Special Rapporteur encourages the establishment of national, independent regulatory bodies, including representatives of minorities, with powers to monitor hate speech in the media, receive reports from the public in relation to hate speech, receive and support complaints, and make recommendations. | Special Rapporteur on minority issues | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2015 | ||
Hate speech and incitement to hatred against minorities in the media 2015, para. 93 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Participation of minorities in the media landscape encompasses the possibility for minority professionals to work in media outlets. Some media outlets have developed specific programmes and internships to recruit and train minority media workers in order to promote ethnic diversity in the newsrooms and press offices. | Special Rapporteur on minority issues | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2015 | ||
Hate speech and incitement to hatred against minorities in the media 2015, para. 91 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Several self-regulatory media bodies have started to operate in Africa, some of them in countries with a history of hate speech and incitement to violence against minority groups. The Rwanda Media Commission was established in 2013 with the mandate to promote ethical journalism, defend media freedom and adjudicate complaints against the media; some commentators have alleged censorship and serious restrictions on media freedoms. | Special Rapporteur on minority issues | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2015 | ||
Minorities in the criminal justice system 2015, para. 113 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | National institutions responsible for oversight of police, as well as independent regulatory bodies for the judiciary, prosecutors and legal profession, should systematically assess and report on the situation of minorities within the criminal justice process, and take action when they observe discrimination. | Special Rapporteur on minority issues | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2015 | ||
Minorities in the criminal justice system 2015, para. 109 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | States should ensure the recruitment, retention and promotion of members of underrepresented minorities in the police, the judiciary, prosecution services, the legal profession and prison staff, including through specially targeted measures developed in consultation with minority groups and existing minority staff. | Special Rapporteur on minority issues | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2015 | ||
Minorities in the criminal justice system 2015, para. 108 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Police forces should collaborate with minorities at the local level in establishing permanent liaison mechanisms that are controlled or jointly controlled by the minorities themselves, developing local strategies, keeping open the lines of communication and building mutual trust. | Special Rapporteur on minority issues | Special Procedures' report |
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