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Title | Date added | Template | Original document | Paragraph text | Body | Document type | Thematics | Topic(s) | Person(s) affected | Year |
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Right to health in early childhood - Right to survival and development 2015, para. 9 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Low birth weight, lack of breastfeeding, undernutrition, overcrowded living conditions, indoor air pollution, unsafe drinking water and food and poor hygiene practices are the main immediate risk factors for pneumonia and diarrhoea. However, while such diseases are proximate causes of death and are duly reflected in statistics, poverty and inequalities are the root causes, or underlying social determinants. Poverty increases young children's exposure to risks such as poor nutrition, violence, inadequate sanitation, lower levels of maternal education, inadequate stimulation in the home, increased maternal stress and depression and, at the same time, limits access to health and other services. In 2013 the under-5 mortality rate in low-income countries was more than 12 times the average rate in high-income countries. There are also significant disparities in under-5 mortality and morbidity within countries, driven by poverty, gender and other inequalities. Low levels of literacy and poor access to education among women correlate strongly with high rates of under-5 mortality. | Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2015 | ||
The right of persons with disabilities to social protection 2015, para. 60 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Fifth, the eligibility criteria of social protection programmes should not include factors that could directly or indirectly exclude persons with disabilities. For instance, in many countries child nutrition programmes operate only at childcare centres and schools. Since children with disabilities have fewer opportunities to attend school, many of them lack access to nutrition programmes. Older persons with disabilities are also usually excluded from receiving disability benefits owing programmes are targeted towards the poor. Social protection programmes target persons with disabilities either as a separate group through disability-specific programmes; by explicitly incorporating them within the targeting criteria of mainstream programmes; or by including them within groups at risk of poverty. Programmes can also either target all persons with disabilities, only certain age groups, or focus on a particular level or type of impairment. to their age, yet pensions and other available benefits may not fully address disability-related needs. Therefore, States must take into account the situation of persons with disabilities when targeting specific age groups. | Special Rapporteur on the rights of persons with disabilities | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2015 | ||
Effective Implementation of the OPSC 2010, para. 80 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Nonetheless, the births of nearly 51 million children were not registered in 2007. Children from the poorest households are twice as likely to be unregistered at birth as children from the richest households. | Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2010 | ||
Effective Implementation of the OPSC 2010, para. 76 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Domestic violence, the absence of one or both parents and poverty mean that it is no longer the case that families always constitute a reference point and safe haven for children. | Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2010 | ||
Effective Implementation of the OPSC 2010, para. 40 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | [Poverty takes an especially heavy toll on children, as evidenced by the following figures cited by UNICEF:] 101 million children are not attending primary school, with more girls than boys missing out. | Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2010 | ||
Effective Implementation of the OPSC 2010, para. 40 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | [Poverty takes an especially heavy toll on children, as evidenced by the following figures cited by UNICEF:] 1 billion children are deprived of one or more services essential to survival and development; | Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2010 | ||
Effective Implementation of the OPSC 2010, para. 16 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | [Thanks to these efforts, more data are now available on long-term trends and specific aspects of some types of sale and sexual exploitation of children, including:] The exacerbation of these phenomena due to poverty, the HIV/AIDS pandemic, conflicts, large-scale natural disasters and displaced persons; | Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2010 | ||
Human rights of migrants in the post-2015 development agenda 2014, para. 51 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | A target on providing social protection to reduce the vulnerabilities of the poor, including marginalized groups, including migrants, is essential. Indicators could include the proportion of migrants with access to, and cross-border portability of, earned social benefits (e.g. pensions). Under article 9 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, States recognize the right of everyone to social security. In its general comment No. 19, the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights defined the right to social security as encompassing "the right to access and maintain benefits, whether in cash or in kind, without discrimination in order to secure protection, inter alia, from (a) lack of work-related income caused by sickness, disability, maternity, employment injury, unemployment, old age, or death of a family member; (b) unaffordable access to health care; (c) insufficient family support, particularly for children and adult dependents". It went on to say that "the right to social security includes the right not to be subject to arbitrary and unreasonable restrictions of existing social security coverage, whether obtained publicly or privately, as well as the right to equal enjoyment of adequate protection from social risks and contingencies". | Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2014 | ||
Homelessness as a global human rights crisis that demands an urgent global response 2016, para. 87 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Homelessness disproportionately affects particular groups, including women, young people, children, indigenous peoples, people with disabilities, migrants and refugees, the working poor, and lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender people, each in different ways, but with common structural causes. These include: (a) the retreat by all levels of government from social protection and social housing and the privatization of services, infrastructure, housing and public space; (b) the abandonment of the social function of land and housing; (c) the failure to address growing inequalities in income, wealth and access to land and property; (d) the adoption of fiscal and development policies that support deregulation and real estate speculation and prevent the development of affordable housing options; and (e), in the face of urbanization, the marginalization and mistreatment of those who are most precariously housed in informal settlements, living in temporary overcrowded structures, without access to water, sanitation or other basic services and living under the constant threat of eviction. | Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2016 | ||
The implementation of the right to social protection through the adoption of social protection floors 2014, para. 48 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | This reading is reinforced by the fact that the earlier provisions of Goal 1 seek to resolve the competition between the two ways of measuring poverty by endorsing both, but in very different terms. Target 1.1 follows the World Bank by calling for the eradication, by 2030, of "extreme poverty for all people everywhere, currently measured as people living on less than $1.25 a day". Given that this is a very low standard, the aspiration is a limited one. But when it comes to "men, women and children of all ages living in poverty in all its dimensions according to national definitions", the aim in target 1.2 is only to "reduce at least by half the proportion" by 2030. In other words, that target implies acceptance that as many as half of those currently living in extreme poverty, as measured by the multidimensional approach described above, will continue to do so beyond 2030. For a planet with immense wealth and one that is able to mobilize vast resources very rapidly for projects that further the interests of the elites, that is a shameful goal and one that is clearly inconsistent with the recognition that all persons are entitled to at least the minimum core of economic and social rights. | Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2014 | ||
The right of persons with disabilities to social protection 2015, para. 11 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | As a foundation for any national social protection system, these floors must ensure, at a minimum, access to essential health care (including maternity care) and to a basic level of income security for (a) children - including access to food, education, care and other necessary goods and services; (b) persons of active age who are unable to earn sufficient income, including persons with disabilities; and (c) older persons. The ILO recommendation concerning national floors of social protection, 2012 (No. 202) identifies as priority areas of attention the prevention and alleviation of poverty, vulnerability and social exclusion, and sets forth guidelines for implementing and monitoring national strategies that are participatory, country-led, sustainable and regularly reviewed. It also provides guidance to States on progressively providing higher levels of protection to as many people as possible and as soon as possible, reflecting States' economic and fiscal capacities. The recommendation also recognizes the principles of non-discrimination, gender equality and responsiveness to specific needs, and emphasizes that any initiative should support people with special needs and other potentially disadvantaged groups. | Special Rapporteur on the rights of persons with disabilities | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2015 | ||
Extreme poverty and human rights on universal basic income 2017, para. 43 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Unconditional cash transfers, although without strings attached, differ from basic income schemes in several respects. First, they are generally paid to households and may vary accordingly. Second, unconditional cash transfers often target the poor or other categories such as children or the elderly. Third, the amount of the unconditional cash transfers often differs, depending on the recipient’s situation. | Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2017 | ||
Stigma and the realization of the human rights to water and sanitation 2012, para. 35 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | People living in poverty, homeless persons, pavement dwellers, street children and slum dwellers also face stigmatization and are frequently forced to exist at the margins of society. The Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights has found that a person's social and economic situation when living in poverty or being homeless may result in pervasive discrimination, stigmatization and negative stereotyping, which can lead to unequal access to services. People living in poverty face a range of barriers in accessing water and sanitation services, including a perception that they are to be blamed for their poverty and do not deserve adequate services. Homeless people and street children are frequently blamed for their homelessness, and labelled as "mentally deficient", "criminals" or "addicts". Children living in dilapidated surroundings-without a social safety net, and without access to safe water and sanitation-may see those surroundings as a reflection of their own self-worth, hence growing up with low self-esteem and embarrassment. Slums and informal settlements are often not taken into account in urban planning. People living in slums are often simply absent from official records and urban plans; there is a perception that "they do not count", once again highlighting the dehumanizing nature of stigma. | Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2012 | ||
Child slavery in the artisanal mining and quarrying sector 2011, para. 101 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Poverty reduction programmes, such as cash transfer programmes, should be expanded with a specific focus on geographical areas where artisanal mining and quarrying occurs. These programmes should benefit only those whose children attend school and gain regular medical care. This would help improve their well-being. | Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2011 | ||
Child slavery in the artisanal mining and quarrying sector 2011, para. 68 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Studies show that such child slavery not only has a negative impact on the health, well-being and education of the child, but also later has a negative economic impact on communities and countries. According to the findings of these studies, children who work are more likely to have children who will also work and not go to school. Consequently, the poverty gets passed on from one generation to another. | Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2011 | ||
Manifestations and causes of domestic servitude 2010, para. 41 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Children on their own often accept domestic work for lack of other options, in particular as live-in arrangements entail a new home and often a (false) promise of education. Street children, including those who were abandoned or fled parental abuse, often seek domestic work to find shelter. Children who are orphaned as a result of AIDS also often end up in domestic servitude. Girls also increasingly migrate independently from impoverished rural areas in search of domestic work. | Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2010 | ||
Study on illegal adoptions 2017, para. 54 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Vulnerability owing to poverty underlies decisions to abandon children and relinquish parental rights over them, thus rendering them adoptable. Nevertheless, poverty alone cannot be invoked as sufficient justification for placing or receiving a child in alternative care. National authorities and foreign actors - the latter being more inclined to finance "orphanages" than family-strengthening programmes - are failing in their responsibilities to support vulnerable families through comprehensive child protection systems. | Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2017 | ||
Sale of children for the purpose of forced labour 2016, para. 65 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | During conflict, armed groups destroy the social and economic environment and interrupt the delivery of social services, dismantling a protective environment for children and driving the population into dire poverty. Families may entrust their children to intermediaries who then exploit them for various purposes. The long-lasting effects of institutional breakdown enable trafficking to flourish and lead to its persistence after a conflict has ended (see A/HRC/32/41). | Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2016 | ||
Sale of children for the purpose of forced labour 2016, para. 51 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Socioeconomic factors are prominent determinants of the sale of children for the purpose of forced labour. Studies on child labour in domestic work have highlighted how poverty is a constant variable underlying the practice, sometimes to repay family debts. Targeting poor families has been found to be part of a deliberate strategy by recruiters, especially in cases where the sale of children for the purpose of forced labour involves organized criminal groups or intermediaries. | Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2016 | ||
Comprehensive prevention strategies against sale and sexual exploitation of children 2013, para. 61 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Demand is a function of various dimensions. Although growth is often understood as a positive development that reduces exposure by lowering poverty, it can also introduce new risks. Increased wealth in some areas may create new local demands for child prostitution and other forms of sexual exploitation. | Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2013 | ||
Comprehensive prevention strategies against sale and sexual exploitation of children 2013, para. 58 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Poverty and deprivation can lead communities, families and children to adopt coping mechanisms involving children in income-generating strategies. Unless adequate protective mechanisms are in place, these strategies can expose children to exploitative situations, which may become justified as inevitable. | Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2013 | ||
Child participation 2012, para. 84 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | In structures representing children and young people, such as parliaments, committees and forums, there is a need to guarantee access to and representation of child victims/survivors, in particular from marginalized and at-risk groups, including children with disabilities, children in street situations and those living in extreme poverty, in rural and remote areas or in alternative care settings. | Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2012 | ||
Child participation 2012, para. 20g | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | [Child participation mechanisms must operate in compliance with these international human rights principles and standards and ensure:] Equality of opportunity and guaranteed participation of children from vulnerable, marginalized and at-risk groups, including children with disabilities, children in street situations and children living in extreme poverty, in rural and remote areas or within alternative care settings, making sure to avoid the participation and representation of children from only privileged backgrounds; | Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2012 | ||
Joint report with SRSG Violence against Children on child-sensitive complaint mechanisms 2011, para. 87 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Children in extreme poverty may not only be hard to reach due to geographic remoteness or social exclusion, but also often suffer from a deep lack of self-esteem. Victims of bullying, humiliation and abuse, they feel powerless to speak up, and fear not being believed when reporting incidents of violence, or being blamed for having caused them in the first place. | Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2011 | ||
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 57e | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | [Child participation mechanisms must operate in compliance with internationally recognized standards and ensure the following:] Equality of opportunity and guaranteed participation of children from vulnerable and marginalized at-risk groups, including children with disabilities and those living in extreme poverty, in rural and remote areas, within alternative care settings or living and/or working on the streets, taking care to avoid the representation of only children from privileged backgrounds; | Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2011 | ||
Effective Implementation of the OPSC 2010, para. 91 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Such migration, both internal and external, can occur in response to individual imperatives (such as the search for economic or professional opportunities), or to family and communal imperatives in connection with survival strategies or efforts to find suitable social or educational environments for children. Permanent and seasonal migrations, whether cross-border or within a country, are dictated by poverty, deteriorating living conditions, chronic drought, armed conflict and/or political instability. | Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2010 | ||
Access to justice for people living in poverty 2012, para. 80 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | In practice, however, restrictions on legal standing in many States directly and indirectly exclude persons living in poverty from accessing judicial and adjudicatory mechanisms. For example, in some States, legislatures and judicial systems limit standing for certain groups, such as women and children. Discriminatory laws deprive women of legal competency and require that they be under male guardianship before instituting a claim or giving evidence. | Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2012 | ||
Access to justice for people living in poverty 2012, para. 38 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Such factors often act as a persuasive deterrent against seeking redress from judicial or adjudicatory mechanisms, or may indeed represent an insurmountable obstacle for the poorest and most marginalized. This is especially so for those who have limited mobility, such as older persons or persons with disabilities, or those for whom travel is more difficult or dangerous, including women and children. | Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2012 | ||
Penalization of people living in poverty 2011, para. 69 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Families are forced to use their limited income or sell assets to pay for bail, legal assistance, access to goods and services within penal facilities (e.g. food or telephone usage), or travel to visit the detainee. Children's education is also often disrupted when their parents are detained. In this context, detention represents a serious threat to the financial stability of the detainee's whole family and serves to perpetuate the cycle of poverty. | Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2011 | ||
Penalization of people living in poverty 2011, para. 64 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Although children have the right to grow up in a safe and nurturing environment, they also have the right not to be separated from their biological parents, unless such separation is in their best interests. The focus of child protection proceedings should always be the best interests of the child, and not the penalization of their parents. Criminalization of parental neglect and abuse, while important, does not provide a meaningful solution to poverty and disadvantage. | Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2011 |