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Title | Date added | Template | Original document | Paragraph text | Body | Document type | Thematics | Topic(s) | Person(s) affected | Year |
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Effective Implementation of the OPSC 2010, para. 22 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Other practices such as forced marriage that are in effect in certain parts of the world can be considered "sale for purposes of sexual exploitation". One manifestation of this, among others, is that young girls are given as wives to men - often older men - in exchange for money. | Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2010 | ||
Extreme poverty and human rights on universal basic income 2017, para. 51 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | However, the negative income tax option would be problematic for 18- to 29-year-olds and for senior women. The Canadian examples demonstrate the potentially positive effects of negative income tax, but warn that a basic income model that replaces existing social support mechanisms could have seriously negative effects on the poor. | Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2017 | ||
SRSG on violence against children: Annual report 2015, para. 78 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Gangs can provide young people with an identity and sense of belonging, as well as protection, recognition and respect. However, local gangs can also be linked to illegal activities, including extortion, illegal drug sales, fighting for territorial control and, in extreme cases, contract killings. Gangs may be associated with transnational criminal groups whose strong economic connections facilitate their activities in trafficking, organized theft and mass distribution of illegal merchandise. | Special Representative of the Secretary-General on violence against children | SRSG report |
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| 2015 | ||
Child slavery in the artisanal mining and quarrying sector 2011, para. 98 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | In order to develop national policies against child labour, most States have created multisectoral insitutions to prevent and eradicate child labour, made up of governmental authorities, representatives of the workers' union, representatives of the employers' union, NGOs and international organizations, the main task of which is to articulate national action plan for the prevention and eradication of child labour. These institutions should have specific programmes to prevent and eradicate child slavery in the mining and quarrying sector. They should also develop and implement policies and social programmes targeting children working in the mines and quarries. Such policies and programmes need to be translated for use at the local levels. In countries most advanced in terms of decentralization, the regional, municipal and local governments have an increasing role with regard to the education, health and protection of children and youth services. Local governments, policies and programmes, because of their proximity to the reality of children and their families, are essential for the development of sustainable and effective actions for the eradication of child working in the mining and quarrying sector. These plans should have sufficient human and financial resources to ensure that they are fully implemented. | Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2011 | ||
Sale of children for the purpose of forced labour 2016, para. 71 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | In situations of the sale of children for the purpose of forced labour, children's right to be heard is seriously undermined, since they are treated as commodities and left with no possibility to choose or influence their lives. Younger children are particularly vulnerable and making them unable to express their concerns is often a strategy used by traffickers to keep control over them. | Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2016 | ||
Activities of the Working Group 2014, para. 49 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | The Working Group recognizes that the failure to provide appropriate education and training for youth of African descent often results in their aimlessness and unemployment and leaves them vulnerable to social and police profiling, consequently resulting in their overrepresentation in the criminal justice system. | Working Group of experts on people of African descent | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2014 | ||
Child participation 2012, para. 28 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | In Guatemala, peer educators at the Education Programme for Working Children and Adolescents, an institution of some 1,800 students providing education to working children, created a mural to raise awareness. The aim of this microproject was to ensure that young people and adolescents were aware of the dangers of commercial sexual exploitation of children. It provided a fun and interactive way to discuss the sensitive issues of commercial sexual exploitation of children, trafficking of children and HIV/AIDS with the most at-risk young people. | Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2012 | ||
Overview of the activities carried during the first three-year term of the mandate 2011, para. 58k | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | [We affirm that green economy policies in the context of sustainable development and poverty eradication should:] Enhance the welfare of women, children, youth, persons with disabilities, smallholder and subsistence farmers, fisherfolk and those working in small and medium-sized enterprises, and improve the livelihoods and empowerment of the poor and vulnerable groups, in particular in developing countries; | Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2011 | ||
SRSG on children and armed conflict: Annual report 2012, para. 84 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Member States should accord priority to funding the strengthening of community-based child protection mechanisms as a critical measure in preventing child recruitment and linking community-based protection systems to formal child protection systems. Children and young people should be provided with alternatives through high-quality education, both formal and non-formal, and national programmes for job creation and income generation for young people should be the main priorities in national prevention strategies. | Special Representative of the Secretary-General for children and armed conflict | SRSG report |
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| 2012 | ||
SRSG on children and armed conflict: Annual report 2010, para. 61 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Member States are urged to ensure that child protection concerns, including support for reintegration efforts and youth employment, are also explicitly reflected in relevant peacebuilding mandates and in the work of the Peacebuilding Commission through its country configurations. | Special Representative of the Secretary-General for children and armed conflict | SRSG report |
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| 2010 | ||
Integration of a human rights-based approach in measures to discourage the demand that fosters all forms of exploitation of persons, especially women and children, and which leads to human trafficking 2013, para. 37 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | The Working Group on Trafficking in Persons of the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime has reviewed some of the measures which States have taken to discourage demand. Details about the measures implemented by 33 States were reported to the sixth session of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention (15-19 October 2012). In addition to mentioning general measures to combat trafficking in persons, several States provided information on their labour laws and codes, which they felt reduced trafficking in persons for forced labour. Some pointed out that they had adopted specific legislation regulating working conditions, especially for foreign workers. Some made reference to specific legislation to address the issue of demand by establishing the responsibility of employers for the management of their supply chains. A few States reported that they had addressed the issue of demand by adopting legislation prohibiting the advertisement of sexual services and criminalizing the purchase of sexual services. Those States commented that such legislation was aimed at eliminating the main pull factors in trafficking persons for sexual exploitation. Some States reported establishing monitoring mechanisms with a specific focus on: the conditions of employment of women, youth and foreign workers hired on a temporary basis; assessing the authenticity of job offers, especially job offers for foreign workers, whether temporary or not; and ensuring the mandatory compliance of employers with the established rules and regulations of employment. | Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2013 | ||
Vulnerabilities of children to sale, trafficking and other forms of exploitation in situations of
conflict and humanitarian crisis 2017, para. 44 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | By the time children arrive at their destination, they have acquired debts with exploiters who take away their documents and use threats or violence to subdue them into labour exploitation. For example, Iranian and Afghani children who have crossed the English Channel find themselves pressured to send money to their families, while also repaying substantial debts related to their journeys. This heavy financial burden drives children to accept working conditions that constitute worst forms of child labour, including trafficking. At destination, many are trafficked for forced and exploitative labour in farms and factories and on fishing boats. For example, in France and the United Kingdom, young men are exploited in cannabis farms, while others are allegedly exploited in the agriculture sector in Europe. | Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2017 | ||
Strengthening voluntary standards for businesses on preventing and combating trafficking in persons and labour exploitation, especially in supply chains 2017, para. 54 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | The consultations also fostered robust dialogue on strategies and engagement aimed at promoting workers’ voices and empowerment within sustainability initiatives, especially within compliance monitoring schemes, including complaints hotlines, the use of worker surveys, good practices in engaging workers during audits, training and capacity-building for workers on their rights and responsibilities in the workplace, and training on worker-management dialogue in the workplace. However, ensuring that potentially vulnerable workers, such as migrants, young people and women, were not inadvertently excluded from these new strategies was identified as a challenge. | Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2017 | ||
SRSG on violence against children: Annual report 2015, para. 70 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | An estimated 1 billion people live in slums or other highly unstable communities. Informal economies flourish there, sometimes merging with illicit markets. The production, distribution and marketing of drugs, weapons, counterfeit goods, vehicles and metals in those underground markets generate significant wealth. For marginalized young people in urban areas, participating in such markets may be perceived as an opportunity for economic inclusion (albeit illegal) and at times as a means to gain "respect" and recognition. Their participation often includes risky behaviour, such as alcohol consumption and the use and display of weapons. Illicit drug dealing by young people can lead to an increase in their own consumption. | Special Representative of the Secretary-General on violence against children | SRSG report |
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| 2015 | ||
SRSG on violence against children: Annual report 2014, para. 102 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Another emerging concern is the association of children and adolescents with cybercrime. This may include young men's engagement in computer-related financial fraud, or the use of ICTs to facilitate illicit behaviour that may result in violence against themselves or others. For example, in the context of youth gangs, sexual images exchanged on mobile phones may become "currency" for gang members, and mobile phones can be used to exert control over others and the commission of violent acts, including sexual violence. With the increasing engagement of organized criminal groups in cybercrime activities, there is a real risk that young people may become drawn into online criminal activities, driven by bravado, attracted by promises of economic gain, or compelled by threats or coercion. | Special Representative of the Secretary-General on violence against children | SRSG report |
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| 2014 | ||
Stigma and the realization of the human rights to water and sanitation 2012, para. 33 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Dalits are regularly forced into the most menial, socially degrading, dirty and hazardous jobs. Some Dalits, in particular women, work as manual scavengers or sweepers; the terminology varies across countries, but generally refers to those who clean faeces from dry toilets. As a result of their direct contact with human faeces, manual scavengers suffer from a range of health problems (A/HRC/15/55 and Corr.1, para. 75) that are for the most part left untreated and add further to their stigmatization. Manual scavengers and sweepers suffer extreme forms of social exclusion, even within their own caste. These practices are not only deeply rooted in society, but also institutionalized through State practice, with municipalities themselves employing sweepers (ibid.). Moreover, patterns of stigmatization are perpetuated in schools, being reflected in the nature of cleaning duties, namely, through the assignment of toilet cleaning to the "lower" castes. Instead of breaking caste barriers, teachers perpetuate stigmatization, limiting the rights of young people to be free from discrimination and to access education. | Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2012 | ||
Child slavery in the artisanal mining and quarrying sector 2011, para. 52 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Children working in the mines and quarries are vulnerable to physical, sexual, moral and social harm. Artisanal mining and quarrying is inherently informal and illegal -as either it costs too much to get the legal permit to mine or there is no need to get a permit as the law is not enforced. These "frontier communities" are riddled with violence, crime, trafficking in young girls and women for sexual exploitation, prostitution, drug and alcohol use (ibid.). There have been reports that children are given drugs so that they are able to fearlessly extract minerals underground or underwater. Children also take drugs and alcohol in the belief that it makes them stronger and as a result of peer pressure. The drug abuse (particularly amphetamines and marijuana) and alcohol (commercial and/or local brew) destroy their health and keep them in the vicious circle of poverty. Children who arrive alone to work in this sector are even more vulnerable to abuses (see A/HRC/18/30/Add.2). | Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2011 | ||
Information and communication technologies and the sale and sexual exploitation of children 2015, para. 23 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | It is estimated that on average one third of children have had access to the Internet in the past five years, although that figure masks those countries where child use of Internet is almost universal. In Europe, 70 per cent of children aged 6-17 used the Internet regularly, with some variations among countries. In Africa, for the vast majority of children, access is not at home or school but through a cybercafé, although mobile technologies are leading to a change in African use of the Internet. Estimates from the Asian region show a wider discrepancy among countries, with Malaysia as an example of a developing economy where the use of new technologies is increasing and China having one of the highest growth rates of technology in the world. In Latin America, there is similar discrepancy, which replicates the different economic development of the countries. In general, the youth are leading the emergence of the use of new technologies in developing economies; therefore they are more likely to be leading the way to Internet usage. | Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2015 | ||
Labour exploitation of migrants 2014, para. 24 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Articles 6 to 10 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights recognize the rights of everyone to (a) work which they freely choose or accept; (b) enjoy just and favourable conditions of work, including equal remuneration for work of equal value; (c) form and join trade unions; (d) social security, including social insurance; (e) the special protection from economic and social exploitation of children and young persons. | Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2014 | ||
Human rights based approach to recovery from the global economic and financial crises, with a focus on those living in poverty 2011, para. 75 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | The obligations of non-discrimination and equality oblige States to ensure that employment creation policies benefit all sectors of society equally. Policies that increase the employability (for example, through demand-driven skills development and vocational training) of groups that face specific barriers in their access to employment, such as women, persons with disabilities, young people and indigenous populations, will assist States in fulfilling their human rights obligations. To remove obstacles to employment for women, States should ensure the availability of care services (from the State, the community and the market), the redistribution of paid and unpaid work from a gender perspective and the elimination of all forms of gender discrimination. States are not only obliged to undertake effective legislation to this end, but also to take measures to modify social and cultural patterns of conduct of men and women. | Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2011 | ||
Progress and challenges relating to the human rights of IDPs 2016, para. 51 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | The projects included emergency employment, restoration and stabilization of disrupted livelihoods, emergency support to vulnerable groups, capacity development, advocacy and technical assistance. They included the restoration of small businesses, including food production and processing, small scale manufacturing, debris and waste removal, re-establishing markets and stimulating local economies by encouraging local production and procurement. Vocational training was provided through entrepreneurship promotion activities, with a special focus on vulnerable groups, including female-headed households, persons with disabilities and young people. The monitoring and documentation of such programmes is necessary to ensure that they improve self-reliance in a sustainable way. | Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
| Special Procedures' report |
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| 2016 | ||
Acroecology and the right to food 2011, para. 24 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | In Burkina Faso, rather than migrating, work groups of young men specialized in land rehabilitation techniques, such as tassas and zai planting pits, go from village to village to satisfy farmers' growing interest in improving their own lands. Farmers are now buying degraded land for improvement and paying these labourers to dig zai pits and construct the rock walls and half-moon structures which can transform yields. This is one of the reasons why more than 3 million hectares of land in Burkina Faso are now rehabilitated and productive. | Special Rapporteur on the right to food | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2011 | ||
Eliminating discrimination against women in economic and social life with a focus on economic crisis 2014, para. 66 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Procurement policies that target women can be a tool to advance women's businesses. In developing countries, governments are the largest buyer of goods and services, accounting for 15-20 per cent of gross domestic product, and yet spend only 1 per cent on sourcing from women-owned businesses. Some countries have begun to tackle the issue. One country from the Western European and other States Group set a mandatory goal of 5 per cent of federal contract spending on women-owned small businesses. An African country put in place Public Procurement and Disposal (Preference and Reservations) Regulations to ensure access to government contracts by enterprises owned by women, youth and persons with disabilities. | Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2014 | ||
Implementing child rights in early childhood 2006, para. 21 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Appropriate assistance to parents can best be achieved as part of comprehensive policies for early childhood (see section V below), including provision for health, care and education during the early years. States parties should ensure that parents are given appropriate support to enable them to involve young children fully in such programmes, especially the most disadvantaged and vulnerable groups. In particular, article 18.3 acknowledges that many parents are economically active, often in poorly paid occupations which they combine with their parental responsibilities. Article 18.3 requires States parties to take all appropriate measures to ensure that children of working parents have the right to benefit from childcare services, maternity protection and facilities for which they are eligible. In this regard, the Committee recommends that States parties ratify the Maternity Protection Convention, 2000 (No. 183) of the International Labour Organization. | Committee on the Rights of the Child | General Comment / Recommendation |
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| 2006 | ||
State obligations regarding the impact of the business sector on children’s rights 2013, para. 84 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Civil society has a critical role in the independent promotion and protection of children's rights in the context of business operations. This includes monitoring and holding business accountable; supporting children to have access to justice and remedies; contributing to child-rights impact assessments; and raising awareness amongst businesses of their responsibility to respect children's rights. States should ensure conditions for an active and vigilant civil society, including effective collaboration with and support to independent civil society organizations, child and youth-led organizations, academia, chambers of commerce and industry, trade unions, consumer associations and professional institutions. States should refrain from interfering with these and other independent organizations and facilitate their involvement in public policy and programmes relating to children's rights and business. | Committee on the Rights of the Child | General Comment / Recommendation |
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| 2013 | ||
Non-discrimination in economic, social and cultural rights (Art. 2, para. 2) 2009, para. 4 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | The Covenant also explicitly mentions the principles of non-discrimination and equality with respect to some individual rights. Article 3 requires States to undertake to ensure the equal right of men and women to enjoy the Covenant rights and article 7 includes the "right to equal remuneration for work of equal value" and "equal opportunity for everyone to be promoted" in employment. Article 10 stipulates that, inter alia, mothers should be accorded special protection during a reasonable period before and after childbirth and that special measures of protection and assistance should be taken for children and young persons without discrimination. Article 13 recognizes that "primary education shall be compulsory and available free to all" and provides that "higher education shall be made equally accessible to all". | Committee on Social, Economic and Cultural Rights | General Comment / Recommendation |
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| 2009 | ||
Non-discrimination in economic, social and cultural rights (Art. 2, para. 2) 2009, para. 29 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Age is a prohibited ground of discrimination in several contexts. The Committee has highlighted the need to address discrimination against unemployed older persons in finding work, or accessing professional training or retraining, and against older persons living in poverty with unequal access to universal old-age pensions due to their place of residence. In relation to young persons, unequal access by adolescents to sexual and reproductive health information and services amounts to discrimination. | Committee on Social, Economic and Cultural Rights | General Comment / Recommendation |
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| 2009 | ||
The right to work (Art. 6) 2005, para. 15 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | The protection of children is covered by article 10 of the Covenant. The Committee recalls its general comment No. 14 (2000) and in particular paragraphs 22 and 23 on children's right to health, and emphasizes the need to protect children from all forms of work that are likely to interfere with their development or physical or mental health. The Committee reaffirms the need to protect children from economic exploitation, to enable them to pursue their full development and acquire technical and vocational education as indicated in article 6, paragraph 2. The Committee also recalls its general comment No. 13 (1999), in particular the definition of technical and vocational education (paras. 15 and 16) as a component of general education. Several international human rights instruments adopted after the ICESCR, such as the Convention on the Rights of the Child, expressly recognize the need to protect children and young people against any form of economic exploitation or forced labour. | Committee on Social, Economic and Cultural Rights | General Comment / Recommendation |
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| 2005 | ||
The right to education (Art. 13) 1999, para. 16e | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | [An introduction to technology and to the world of work should not be confined to specific TVE programmes but should be understood as a component of general education. According to the UNESCO Convention on Technical and Vocational Education (1989), TVE consists of "all forms and levels of the educational process involving, in addition to general knowledge, the study of technologies and related sciences and the acquisition of practical skills, know-how, attitudes and understanding relating to occupations in the various sectors of economic and social life" (art. 1 (a)). This view is also reflected in certain ILO Conventions. Understood in this way, the right to TVE includes the following aspects:] It consists, in the context of the Covenant's non discrimination and equality provisions, of programmes which promote the TVE of women, girls, out of school youth, unemployed youth, the children of migrant workers, refugees, persons with disabilities and other disadvantaged groups. | Committee on Social, Economic and Cultural Rights | General Comment / Recommendation |
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| 1999 |
29 shown of 29 entities