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Title | Date added | Template | Original document | Paragraph text | Body | Document type | Thematics | Topic(s) | Person(s) affected | Year |
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The realization of the right to health of older persons 2011, para. 13 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | The Special Rapporteur believes that the dominant view, which considers ageing a biomedical problem, leads to the unfortunate perception of ageing as an abnormal or pathological phenomenon because it equates advanced age with illness. This position is not only inconsistent with the holistic approach to human health, but it also perpetuates a perception of older persons as dependent and sick. When considering the health of older persons, the Special Rapporteur is of the view that there must be a paradigm shift away from the perception of older persons as a "social burden" to one that emphasizes the process of "active ageing" and that will reorient our ideas about ageing to focus on the continuing contribution of older persons to society. According to WHO, active ageing aims to optimize opportunities for health, participation and security amongst older persons in order to enhance their quality of life. The word active therefore refers to continuing participation in social, economic, cultural and civic affairs, and not simply the ability to be physically active or to participate in the labour force. | Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2011 | ||
Challenges and achievements in the implementation of the Millennium Development Goals for women and girls 2014, para. 42gg | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | [The Commission urges Governments, at all levels [...] to take the following actions:] [Realizing women's and girls' full enjoyment of all human rights]: Recognize that caregiving is a critical societal function and therefore emphasize the need to value, reduce and redistribute unpaid care work by prioritizing social protection policies, including accessible and affordable social services, including care services for children, persons with disabilities, older persons and persons living with HIV and AIDS, and all others in need of care; the development of infrastructure, including access to environmentally sound time- and energy-saving technologies; employment policies, including family-friendly policies with maternity and paternity leave and benefits; and the promotion of the equal sharing of responsibilities and chores between men and women in caregiving and domestic work to reduce the domestic work burden of women and girls and to change the attitudes that reinforce the division of labour based on gender; | Commission on the Status of Women | CSW Agreed Conclusions / Declaration |
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| 2014 | ||
Multiple and intersecting forms of discrimination and violence against women 2011, para. 15 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | In 1989, the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women explicitly linked gender-based violence and discrimination against women in its general recommendation No. 12 and called on States parties to include in their reports information on violence and on measures introduced to deal with it. Between 1989 and 1992, the Committee issued a series of general recommendations that addressed some rights violations experienced at the intersection of inter- and intra-gender sex discrimination and violence against women. In 1992 it issued general recommendation No. 19 both to define gender-based violence and to make it discrimination on the grounds of sex within the meaning of the Convention. Much of what is set forth in general recommendation No. 19 is reiterated and refined in the Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against Women. CEDAW has also addressed the impact of intersecting forms of discrimination against women and its nexus with gender-based violence. Most recently, in general recommendation No. 27, which deals with the rights of older women, it recognizes that age and sex make older women vulnerable to violence, and that age, sex and disability make older women with disabilities particularly vulnerable. | Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2011 | ||
The realization of the right to health of older persons 2011, para. 22 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | In addition, there are non-binding United Nations instruments and international documents on ageing and older persons, such as the 1982 Vienna International Plan of Action on Ageing, the 1991 United Nations Principles for Older Persons, the 1992 Global targets on ageing for the year, and the 1992 Proclamation on Ageing. The most recent of these is the Political Declaration and the Madrid International Plan of Action on Ageing adopted at the Second World Assembly on Ageing in April 2002, and endorsed by the General Assembly in resolution 57/167 of 18 December 2002. The Political Declaration reaffirms the global commitment to promote and protect human rights and to eliminate age-discrimination, neglect, abuse and violence (art. 5). It further makes reference to the right to health (art. 14), the opportunity to work and the continuing access to education and training programmes (art. 12). It has guided the development of legislation and policies at the national level and provided a framework for international cooperation, which resulted in, among other things, the establishment of the Open-Ended Working Group on the Human Rights of Older Persons in 2010, pursuant to General Assembly resolution 65/182. | Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2011 | ||
The realization of the right to health of older persons 2011, para. 17 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Differences between the genders in respect of the ageing process must also be acknowledged, given that global life expectancy at birth for women is currently 70 years, and is significantly higher than for men at 66 years. Given differing life expectancies, it is more often men who are able to rely on informal care from their spouses than women. Women who outlive their husbands are more often left with no spousal support, relying on informal care by other relatives or the formal care system. Compounding this problem is the fact that older women are frequently excluded from social security and health insurance schemes that are linked to formal, paid employment. They are also at much greater risk of poverty than men. In many countries older women are less likely than men to hold valuable assets in their own name (A/HRC/14/31, paras. 19-21). These factors limit women's ability to provide for their own health-related needs in later life. Furthermore, lack of access to health care services for debilitating diseases such as cancer and hypertension, or illnesses disproportionately affecting women such as osteoporosis, have also been noted to prevent older women from enjoying their full human rights (CEDAW/C/GC/27). | Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2011 | ||
Marginality of economic and social rights 2016, para. 56 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | One of the most encouraging developments in recent years in relation to economic and social rights has been the growth of specialist NGOs at the international, national and, especially, local levels working to promote either economic and social rights in general or specific rights such as those relating to health, housing, education, water, gender equality, disability and ageing. | Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2016 | ||
Unpaid care work and women's human rights 2013, para. 50 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Even those women who are able to combine unpaid care work with formal jobs are disadvantaged; their work histories and social security contributions are more likely than those of men to be interrupted by periods of full-time caregiving, and therefore they are less likely to receive an adequate pension on retirement. Thus, the gendered division of unpaid care work is one of the key reasons why older women are more likely to live in poverty than their male counterparts. | Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2013 | ||
Social protection and old age poverty 2010, para. 71 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Eligibility requirements for social pensions must be provided for in national law and mechanisms must be available to ensure the timely inclusion in the programmes. When adopting a universal scheme, States must put in place rolling registration systems to allow individuals to register as soon as they reach the age requirement. If the scheme is poverty-targeted, the qualifying conditions for benefits must be gender-sensitive, reasonable, objective and transparent. | Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2010 | ||
Social protection and old age poverty 2010, para. 11 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | The international community has committed itself to addressing the challenges associated with ageing in three documents: the Vienna International Plan of Action on Ageing (1982), the United Nations Principles for Older Persons (1991) and the Madrid International Plan of Action on Ageing (2002). These documents complement the existing human rights and labour standards which establish legally binding obligations upon States. | Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2010 | ||
The realization of the right to health of older persons 2011, para. 5 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | The world population is ageing at a steady and significant pace. The total number of persons aged 60 years and above increased from 200 million in 1950 to 760 million in 2010, and it is anticipated to become over one billion by the end of the current decade. By 2050, it is expected that one in five persons will be over the age of 60. The senior population is the fastest growing one and this is becoming a global phenomenon. | Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2011 | ||
Older women and protection of their human rights 2010, para. 16 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Gender stereotyping, traditional and customary practices can have harmful impacts on all areas of the lives of older women, in particular those with disabilities, including family relationships, community roles, portrayal in the media, employers' attitudes, health care and other service providers, and can result in physical violence as well as psychological, verbal and financial abuse. | Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women | General Comment / Recommendation |
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| 2010 | ||
The economic, social and cultural rights of older persons 1995, para. 40 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Similarly, recommendation 48 of the International Plan of Action on Ageing encourages Governments and international organizations to support programmes aimed at providing older persons with easier physical access to cultural institutions (museums, theatres, concert halls, cinemas, etc.). | Committee on Social, Economic and Cultural Rights | General Comment / Recommendation |
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| 1995 | ||
The economic, social and cultural rights of older persons 1995, para. 6 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | In 1992, the General Assembly adopted eight global targets on ageing for the year 2001 and a brief guide for setting national targets. In a number of important respects, these global targets serve to reinforce the obligations of States parties to the Covenant. | Committee on Social, Economic and Cultural Rights | General Comment / Recommendation |
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| 1995 | ||
Elimination and prevention of all forms of violence against women and girls 2013, para. 26 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | The Commission recognizes the vulnerability of older women and the particular risk of violence they face, and stresses the urgent need to address violence and discrimination against them, especially in the light of the growing proportion of older people in the world's population. | Commission on the Status of Women | CSW Agreed Conclusions / Declaration |
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| 2013 | ||
The role of men and boys in achieving gender equality 2004, para. 6n | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | [The Commission urges Governments [...] to take the following actions:] Encourage men, through training and education, to fully participate in the care and support of others, including older persons, persons with disabilities and sick persons, in particular children and other dependants; | Commission on the Status of Women | CSW Agreed Conclusions / Declaration |
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| 2004 | ||
Sports and healthy lifestyles as contributing factors to the right to health 2016, para. 76 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | In addition to the above-mentioned biomedical benefits, participation in organized sport may have significant benefits for older adults as regards increased social interaction and connectedness. Moreover, sport can be used as a tool to promote "active ageing" - elderly people being active and engaged in society - to combat negative and inaccurate images of the elderly that portray ageing as an inevitable and irreversible decline in function. | Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2016 | ||
The right to education (Art. 13) 1999, para. 24 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | [The right to fundamental education] It should be emphasized that enjoyment of the right to fundamental education is not limited by age or gender; it extends to children, youth and adults, including older persons. Fundamental education, therefore, is an integral component of adult education and life-long learning. Because fundamental education is a right of all age groups, curricula and delivery systems must be devised which are suitable for students of all ages | Committee on Social, Economic and Cultural Rights | General Comment / Recommendation |
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| 1999 | ||
Older women and protection of their human rights 2010, para. 11 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | While both men and women experience discrimination as they become older, older women experience ageing differently. The impact of gender inequality throughout their lifespan is exacerbated in old age and is often based on deep-rooted cultural and social norms. The discrimination that older women experience is often a result of unfair resource allocation, maltreatment, neglect and limited access to basic services. | Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women | General Comment / Recommendation |
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| 2010 | ||
Unpaid care work and women's human rights 2013, para. 67 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Women's migration generally does not prompt changes in the sexual division of labour; the extra unpaid care responsibilities usually fall to older women and girls within the household or community. These global care chains reflect and, in some ways, exacerbate enormous inequalities in terms of class, gender and ethnicity. The people who make up the chains, from the first to the last link, are almost exclusively female, often belong to an ethnic minority in their destination country, and generally cannot rely on State support for their care responsibilities. | Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2013 | ||
The importance of social protection measures in achieving Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) 2010, para. 53 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Gender concerns remain largely ignored, even when social protection schemes specifically target women within households or female-headed households. The channelling of social protection to women may amplify the impacts of certain schemes reaching children or older persons, but it does not ensure that the root causes of gender inequality are adequately addressed. Evidence shows that social protection systems are rarely gender-neutral and that badly designed programmes can exacerbate or contribute to inequalities. | Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2010 | ||
Older women and protection of their human rights 2010, para. 13 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | The discrimination experienced by older women is often multidimensional, with the age factor compounding other forms of discrimination based on gender, ethnic origin, disability, poverty levels, sexual orientation and gender identity, migrant status, marital and family status, literacy and other grounds. Older women who are members of minority, ethnic or indigenous groups, internally displaced or stateless often experience a disproportionate degree of discrimination. | Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women | General Comment / Recommendation |
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| 2010 | ||
Older women and protection of their human rights 2010, para. 5 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | The gendered nature of ageing reveals that women tend to live longer than men, and that more older women than men live alone. While there are 83 men for every 100 women over the age of 60, there are only 59 men for every 100 women over the age of 80. Further, statistics from the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs indicate that 80 per cent of men over 60 are married compared with only 48 per cent of older women. | Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women | General Comment / Recommendation |
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| 2010 | ||
The economic, social and cultural rights of older persons 1995, para. 11 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Another important issue is whether discrimination on the basis of age is prohibited by the Covenant. Neither the Covenant nor the Universal Declaration of Human Rights refers explicitly to age as one of the prohibited grounds. Rather than being seen as an intentional exclusion, this omission is probably best explained by the fact that, when these instruments were adopted, the problem of demographic ageing was not as evident or as pressing as it is now. | Committee on Social, Economic and Cultural Rights | General Comment / Recommendation |
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| 1995 | ||
Challenges and achievements in the implementation of the Millennium Development Goals for women and girls 2014, para. 42ff | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | [The Commission urges Governments, at all levels [...] to take the following actions:] [Realizing women's and girls' full enjoyment of all human rights]: Promote universal social protection across the life cycle, including for older women, that gives women and girls protection against risks and vulnerabilities and promotes their social inclusion and full enjoyment of all human rights; | Commission on the Status of Women | CSW Agreed Conclusions / Declaration |
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| 2014 | ||
Women’s economic empowerment in the changing world of work 2017, para. 40 (cc) | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Promote the entry and re-entry into, and advancement in, labour markets of all women, including through policies and programmes aimed at the elimination of structural barriers and stereotypes that young women face in the transition from school to work and also to address the challenges faced by women returning from care-related career breaks and by older women, by providing access to technical and vocational skills training, entrepreneurship development, job-matching and career guidance, including towards high-wage and high-growth occupations; | Commission on the Status of Women | CSW Agreed Conclusions / Declaration |
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| 2017 | ||
Women’s economic empowerment in the changing world of work 2017, para. 30 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | The Commission recognizes that women and girls undertake a disproportionate share of unpaid care and domestic work, including caring for children, older persons, persons with disabilities and persons living with HIV and AIDS, and that such uneven distribution of responsibilities is a significant constraint on women's and girls' completion of or progress in education, on women's entry and re-entry and advancement in the paid labour market and on their economic opportunities and entrepreneurial activities, and can result in gaps in both social protection and pensions. The Commission stresses the need to recognize, reduce and redistribute the disproportionate share of unpaid care and domestic work by promoting the equal sharing of responsibilities between women and men and by prioritizing, inter alia, social protection policies and infrastructure development. | Commission on the Status of Women | CSW Agreed Conclusions / Declaration |
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| 2017 | ||
Gender equality in the realization of the human rights to water and sanitation 2016, para. 37 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Affordability is of special concern to women and girls, who often have less access to financial resources than men. Women and girls need toilets for urination, defecation and menstrual hygiene management as well as for assisting younger children. Combined with women's lower access to financial resources, pay-per-use toilets with the same user fee for men and women are in practice often more expensive for women. Besides, public urinals are often free for men but not for women. To tackle this, the municipal government of Mumbai is currently constructing several toilet blocks the maintenance of which is financed through family passes instead of by charging a fee for each use. Some public toilets can be used free of charge by women and other groups that often lack access to economic resources, such as children and older people. | Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2016 | ||
Stigma and the realization of the human rights to water and sanitation 2012, para. 57 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Article 17 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights goes on to guarantee that "everyone has the right to the protection of the law against such interference or attacks", thus including an explicit guarantee of protection against interference by private parties. This results in a positive obligation of States parties to protect privacy against interference and attacks by others, which has been found to be of particular relevance, for instance, in relation to persons deprived of personal liberty, older persons, persons with disabilities or transgendered persons. This provision is of enormous significance in the context of combatting stigma. It clearly demonstrates that States' obligations reach into the private sphere. They cannot dismiss stigma as a social phenomenon over which States have no influence. Instead, they have positive obligations that extend into this realm, requiring States, for instance, to take measures that enable women and girls to manage their menstrual hygiene needs in a manner that protects their privacy and dignity. | Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2012 | ||
Violence against women as a barrier to the effective realization of all human rights 2014, para. 44 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Violence against women is too often discussed in a theoretical vacuum that focuses only on interpersonal and structural inequalities between men and women, thereby excluding analysis on intra-gender inequalities. It is important to recognize the obstacles faced by women who experience multiple and intersecting forms of discrimination, for example women with disabilities, women who belong to ethnic or cultural minorities, women who live in poverty, women who live in rural areas, women who lack citizenship status and older women, among others. This increases the risk that some women will experience targeted, compounded or structural discrimination, in addition to gender-based violence (A/HRC/17/26, para. 17). | Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2014 | ||
Violence against women with disabilities 2012, para. 30 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Older women experience disability more frequently as they age, and older women with disabilities are at particularly high risk of violence. Older women face multiple forms of discrimination, with gender, disability and age compounded by other forms of discrimination. General recommendation No. 27 of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women, on older women and protection of their human rights, recognizes that, inter alia, gender stereotyping and traditional and customary practices can have harmful impacts on all areas of the lives of older women, in particular those with disabilities, and can result in physical violence as well as psychological, verbal and financial abuse. | Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2012 |