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Title | Date added | Template | Original document | Paragraph text | Body | Document type | Thematics | Topic(s) | Person(s) affected | Year |
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The human rights of migrants on a 2035 agenda for facilitating human mobility 2017, para. 43 (Goal 3.) | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | [The Special Rapporteur proposes the following goals:] Goal 3. Ensure respect for human rights at border controls, including return, readmission and post-return monitoring, and establish accountability mechanisms | Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2017 | ||
The human rights of migrants on a 2035 agenda for facilitating human mobility 2017, para. 38b | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | [Such facilitated mobility would have obvious advantages, including the fact that it would:] Enable all security checks by intelligence agencies to be made in a timely manner and mostly in the destination country; | Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2017 | ||
The first decade of the mandate of the Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially women and children 2014, para. 60 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Supply chains and public-private partnerships. The mandate has maintained a strong focus on non-State actors and the role they can or should play in preventing and responding to trafficking. Information about trafficked labour in the supply chains of major industries, including agriculture, information and communications technology, fishing, garment-making and textiles, has alerted the mandate to the importance of engaging directly with business corporations. Over the past years, the Special Rapporteur has taken up this difficult issue, undertaking research and holding wide-ranging consultations on trafficking in global supply chains. In a dedicated report she outlined a series of clear and practical recommendations for businesses and States to help them eliminate trafficking in the supply chain (A/67/261). This provided the basis for further consultations with business experts that resulted in a draft set of benchmarks and indicators for ensuring that supply chains are free of trafficking. That draft was presented to the Human Rights Council at its twenty-third session (A/HRC/23/48/Add.4, appendix I) and the second United Nations Forum on Business and Human Rights in 2013. | Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2014 | ||
Study on illegal adoptions 2017, para. 58 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Such systemic issues create an environment that enables illegal adoptions and that Governments, both in countries of origin and in receiving countries, are allowing or promoting through laws and policies, often taking advantage of them. | Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2017 | ||
Developing the Global Compact on Migration 2016, para. 114 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | IOM already works very closely with the United Nations, including as a member of the Global Migration Group, and in many countries IOM is part of United Nations country teams. Integrating IOM into the United Nations would thus allow the United Nations to benefit from its vast experience and expertise. | Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2016 | ||
The human rights of migrants on a 2035 agenda for facilitating human mobility 2017, para. 70 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Mobility and diversity are already and will increasingly be the hallmark of contemporary societies, especially in dynamic urban areas which welcome most of the world’s migration. Often at opposite ends of the social spectrum, the arts community and the business community know that diversity and mobility contribute to the dissemination of creativity, innovation, ideas and know-how and to wealth production. | Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2017 | ||
The human rights of migrants on a 2035 agenda for facilitating human mobility 2017, para. 12 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | The Special Rapporteur envisions an agenda that, building on target 10.7, outlines how human mobility can be facilitated effectively and underlines the importance of taking a long-term strategic approach to developing more accessible, regular, safe and affordable mobility policies and practices that will place States in a better position to respond to the significant demographic, economic, social, political and cultural challenges that lie ahead. | Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2017 | ||
SRSG on children and armed conflict: Annual report 2014, para. 64 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | The elaboration of the post-2015 development agenda provides an additional opportunity to reflect on expertise and lessons learned from decades of reintegration programmes. The Special Representative is convinced that best practices in respect of reintegration should be included in the new development agenda as an essential aspect of community-building in post-conflict societies. | Special Representative of the Secretary-General for children and armed conflict | SRSG report |
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| 2014 | ||
The first decade of the mandate of the Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially women and children 2014, para. 61 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | While trafficking in persons for the removal of organs is specified as a form of exploitation related to trafficking in the international legal definition, until very recently the mandate did not deal substantively with this issue. This reflected the paucity of reliable information on the practice and uncertainty around its true extent. However, in recent years, there have been a series of reputable reports documenting systematic trafficking in persons for the removal of organs in several different regions of the world and major prosecutions in Africa and Europe. Anecdotal reports of this form of trafficking in persons were also provided to the mandate in the context of recent country visits. Consistently with the commitment of the mandate to tackling difficult, emerging and under-researched issues, the Special Rapporteur focused her attention on trafficking in persons for the removal of organs, with a view to contributing to the international conversation at a pivotal point. She reported on trafficking in persons for the removal of organs on the basis of an expert background paper, peer-reviewed by an informal group of transplant specialists, ethicists and researchers. (A/68/256). | Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2014 | ||
Integration of a human rights-based approach in measures to discourage the demand that fosters all forms of exploitation of persons, especially women and children, and which leads to human trafficking 2013, para. 40 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | In the course of her country visits and from other sources, the Special Rapporteur has heard about a variety of other measures taken by States to discourage demand. She has learned that the measures needed to address direct and derived demand are usually different. In the case of direct demand (which inherently seeks the services of individuals who have been trafficked), legislative or other measures that have a direct influence on purchasers' decisions are appropriate. However, when only some of the identical services or products available to purchasers have involved the exploitation of persons, a different approach is appropriate: one which moves the focus from final purchasers onto whoever makes key purchasing decisions earlier in the supply chain and is in a position to discern which services or products involve human trafficking and which do not. This approach, which seeks to influence the purchasing decisions of such intermediaries by legislation or other measures, often introduces an element of regulation into the supply of services or products. Other States have adopted legislation or policy to regulate recruitment and employment in sectors where, in the absence of such regulation, trafficking is deemed likely to occur. | Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2013 | ||
The issue of trafficking in persons for the removal of organs 2013, para. 50 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | The legal framework around trafficking in persons can also be effectively leveraged to tackle the phenomenon of transplant tourism by extending the jurisdictional reach of national criminal laws. While a State party to the Trafficking in Persons Protocol is required to exercise jurisdiction over trafficking in persons for the removal of organs when the offence is committed in its territory (see art. 15 (1) of the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime), it may choose to extend that jurisdiction to situations where the offence is committed outside its territory against or by one of its nationals (see art. 15 (2)). Other central obligations that derive from both the Protocol and the Convention include an obligation to provide appropriate assistance to and protection of victims, including measures for physical, psychological and social recovery (art. 6); an obligation to establish policies, programmes and other measures to prevent and combat trafficking and protect victims (art. 9); an obligation of cross-border cooperation between law enforcement agencies and an obligation on States to strengthen capacity for such cooperation (art. 10); and an obligation to strengthen border controls to prevent and detect trafficking in persons for the removal of organs (art. 11). | Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2013 | ||
The issue of trafficking in persons for the removal of organs 2013, para. 41 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Prohibition of transplant tourism. While the sale and purchase of organs is almost universally prohibited, these laws typically apply only to, or are enforced only in respect of, conduct within the territory or under the jurisdiction of the legislating State. In some countries, this is because the laws themselves do not extend to extraterritorial conduct. In other countries, criminal jurisdiction may, in principle, extend to the conduct of a national abroad but is rarely, if ever, applied in this way. The result is similar in both situations: recipients of illicitly obtained organs are almost never prosecuted by their country of origin or indeed by any other country. The importance of attaching extraterritorial provisions to national laws has been noted and bills to this effect have been put before parliaments in several countries. Prohibition of transplant commercialism in countries of destination will generally amount to a ban on transplant tourism. Some countries of destination have put in place additional legislative measures aimed at combating transplant tourism (for example, restricting participation in official transplantation programmes to nationals). The imposition of such a measure in the Philippines is reported to have cut off a critical link to a transplant tourism market based on poverty and corruption and shifted government attention to preventing kidney disease and encouraging deceased donations (see A/HRC/23/48/Add.3). | Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2013 | ||
The issue of trafficking in persons for the removal of organs 2013, para. 33 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | The Transplantation Society, an international non-governmental organization composed of physicians, surgeons and scientists involved in organ transplantation, has consistently opposed the commercialization of such procedures and issued a number of important statements on ethical issues around organ transplantation. In 2008, the Transplantation Society and the International Society of Nephrology developed a professional code of practice aimed at improving the quality and availability of organ transplantation while also addressing the key ethical issues facing practitioners. The Declaration of Istanbul on Organ Trafficking and Transplant Tourism, adopted at an international summit on transplant tourism and organ trafficking convened by the Transplantation Society and the International Society of Nephrology in Istanbul, Turkey, from 30 April to 2 May 2008, has exerted significant influence over responses at the national, regional and international levels. The language of the Declaration is unequivocal with regard to trafficking in persons for the removal of organs, stating in its principle 6 that "organ trafficking and transplant tourism violate the principles of equity, justice and respect for human dignity and should be prohibited". It goes on to affirm that transplant commercialism should be prohibited because it "targets impoverished and otherwise vulnerable donors [and] leads inexorably to inequity and injustice". | Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2013 | ||
Prevention of trafficking in persons 2010, para. 19 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | It can be gleaned from this guideline that both supply and demand factors need to be tackled in order to prevent trafficking, although prevention efforts may be often perceived as being the responsibility of source countries. Trafficking in persons is a dynamic process, caused by an array of complex and intertwined "push" and "pull" factors. Thus, the prevention of trafficking in persons requires truly concerted and collaborative efforts by all countries of origin, transit and destination. | Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2010 | ||
Prevention of trafficking in persons 2010, para. 18c | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | [Those provisions make clear that prevention measures should address both the supply and demand factors leading to trafficking in persons. In that regard, guideline 7 of the Recommended Principles and Guidelines on Human Rights and Human Trafficking, issued by OHCHR in July 2002 (E/2002/68/Add.1), provides further guidance. The main prevention measures recommended by guideline 7 may be categorized as follows:] Increasing opportunities for legal, gainful and non-exploitative labour migration; | Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2010 | ||
Challenges and lessons in combating contemporary forms of slavery 2013, para. 68 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | ILO followed this up in October 2008 with the publication of its handbook for employers on Combating Forced Labour, which sought to "encourage a broad partnership approach to the fight against forced labour and trafficking through the active engagement of business actors in global action" (p. 7). | Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2013 | ||
Study on illegal adoptions 2017, para. 79 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Central authorities in receiving countries have sometimes strengthened efforts to conclude adoptions from countries of origin that are not parties to the 1993 Hague Convention, where regulations and procedures may be less strict. That approach involves major increases in intercountry adoptions from the countries concerned until it is deemed necessary to take measures to address the illicit practices that stem from it. | Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2017 | ||
Study on illegal adoptions 2017, para. 72 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | States have adopted various measures to regulate and control adoption processes with the aim of preventing and addressing illegal acts and illicit practices. Most of the measures covered in the present section apply to intercountry adoptions and reflect the efforts of both countries of origin and receiving countries to tackle the numerous illegal acts and illicit practices affecting such adoptions. | Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2017 | ||
Study on illegal adoptions 2017, para. 68 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Although some bilateral agreements have been signed between countries of origin that are not parties to the 1993 Hague Convention and receiving countries, they often do not meet the standards of the Convention and delay accession to it by non-States parties. Moreover, the existence of such agreements increases the risk of undue pressure from the receiving country on the country of origin to ensure that intercountry adoptions occur regardless of the actual need. | Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2017 | ||
Study on illegal adoptions 2017, para. 62 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | The undue payment of intermediaries both in the context of domestic and intercountry adoptions is a major issue, as shown in the country profiles maintained by the Bureau of Consular Affairs of the United States Department of State, which describe the practice of unofficially expediting the transfer of money or unexpected fees, as well as donations, to several countries of origin. | Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2017 | ||
Comprehensive prevention strategies against sale and sexual exploitation of children 2013, para. 95 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Strategies to prevent illegal adoptions include better cooperation between receiving countries and countries of origin, especially with respect to applications, through operational protocols and guidelines in order to ensure joint responsibility. | Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2013 | ||
Comprehensive prevention strategies against sale and sexual exploitation of children 2013, para. 89 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Transnational cooperation may be bilateral or multilateral. It often, but not exclusively, takes place among countries within the same region or subregion. Cooperation ranges from border control and the verification of travel documents to cooperation among law enforcement authorities and joint preventive programmes, including harmonization of legislation, sharing of information and learning from good practices. | Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2013 | ||
The impact of bilateral and multilateral trade agreements on the human rights of migrants 2016, para. 67 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | A recent shift towards incorporating mobility in framework agreements, memorandums of understanding and declarations of mutual cooperation has resulted in States treating labour mobility agreements as informal and non-binding. In Asia, almost 70 per cent of labour mobility arrangements employ the informal framework provided by memorandums of understanding, compared with 3040 per cent in Africa, Europe and the Americas. | Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2016 | ||
Global migration governance 2013, para. 86 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | There are several regional organizations in the world with some form of free movement for citizens of the organization's member States. It could be envisaged that at some point some of those initiatives could connect, thus expanding the free mobility area covered. However, there is an imperative need for a central human rights framework in all these processes. | Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2013 | ||
Global migration governance 2013, para. 79 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Bilateral agreements may be useful additions to regional or global approaches, particularly for neighbouring countries where there is a high level of mobility. The Special Rapporteur notes the challenges in ensuring transparency and the human rights dimension of bilateral agreements and in monitoring their human rights impact, as they are forms of private agreement between States and subject to the aforementioned power asymmetries between negotiating States. | Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2013 | ||
Global migration governance 2013, para. 63 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Economic communities all over the world have some form of agreement or intention on the free movement of people within their region. This includes the Economic Community of West African States, the Commonwealth of Independent States and the Common Market of the South (MERCOSUR). The European Union, with its 28 member States, has the most elaborate system of all the regional economic communities and thus provides one of the most developed examples of regional migration governance. | Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2013 | ||
Climate change and migration 2012, para. 41 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | First, low-lying coastal areas and megadeltas are major sources of environmentally induced migration. This is particularly true in countries such as Bangladesh and Viet Nam, and regions such as the Egyptian Nile Delta and the Niger Delta in Nigeria. Those regions are vulnerable to slow-onset environmental phenomena related to sea level rise and change in precipitation patterns and are also increasingly affected by natural disasters, such as hurricanes, floods, storm surges, soil erosion and soil salinization. | Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2012 | ||
Climate change and internal displacement 2011, para. 31 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | In order to address these intersecting challenges and develop adaptation strategies to deal with complex climate change-related displacement, a broader and more holistic understanding is required which goes beyond the direct line of causality usually applied in situations of sudden-onset natural disasters. | Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
| Special Procedures' report |
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| 2011 | ||
General Conclusion On International Protection 1987, para. (l) | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Reaffirmed the importance of voluntary repatriation as the most desirable durable solution, particularly in the context of many of today's mass-influx situations, emphasized the need for States to respect the fundamental principles that must always guide action in this area and called upon the High Commissioner and States to continue their efforts in achieving this solution whenever appropriate; | Executive Committee of the Programme of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees | ExCom Conclusion |
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| 1987 | ||
Protocol of 2014 to the Forced Labour Convention 2014, para. 2 (a) | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | [The measures to be taken for the prevention of forced or compulsory labour shall include:] (a) educating and informing people, especially those considered to be particularly vulnerable, in order to prevent their becoming victims of forced or compulsory labour; | International Labour Organization | International treaty |
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| 2014 |