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Title | Date added | Template | Original document | Paragraph text | Body | Document type | Thematics | Topic(s) | Person(s) affected | Year |
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Refugee Women and International Protection 1985, para. (i) | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Stressed the importance of a more detailed knowledge and understanding of the special needs and problems of refugee women in the international protection field and of gathering statistical, sociological and other data concerning refugee women and girls in order to identify and implement appropriate mechanisms to ensure their effective protection; | Executive Committee of the Programme of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees | ExCom Conclusion |
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| 1985 | ||
Refugee Women and International Protection 1985, para. (c) | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Noted that refugee women and girls constitute the majority of the world refugee population and that many of them are exposed to special problems in the international protection field; | Executive Committee of the Programme of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees | ExCom Conclusion |
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| 1985 | ||
Refugee Women and International Protection 1985, para. (e) | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Stressed the need for such problems to receive the urgent attention of Governments and of UNHCR and for all appropriate measures to be taken to guarantee that refugee women and girls are protected from violence or threats to their physical safety or exposure to sexual abuse or harassment; | Executive Committee of the Programme of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees | ExCom Conclusion |
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| 1985 | ||
Temporary special measures 1988, para. 19 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | States parties should clearly distinguish between temporary special measures taken under article 4, paragraph 1, to accelerate the achievement of a concrete goal for women of de facto or substantive equality, and other general social policies adopted to improve the situation of women and the girl child. Not all measures that potentially are, or will be, favourable to women are temporary special measures. The provision of general conditions in order to guarantee the civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights of women and the girl child, designed to ensure for them a life of dignity and non-discrimination, cannot be called temporary special measures. | Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women | General Comment / Recommendation |
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| 1988 | ||
African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child 1990, para. 2 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Child marriage and the betrothal of girls and boys shall be prohibited and effective action, including legislation, shall be taken to specify the minimum age of marriage to be 18 years and make registration of all marriages in an official registry compulsory. | Organization of African Unity | Regional treaty |
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| 1990 | ||
Refugee Women and International Protection 1990, para. (a) ix | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | [Urges States, relevant United Nations organizations, as well as non-governmental organizations, as appropriate, to ensure that the needs and resources of refugee women are fully understood and integrated, to the extent possible, into their activities and programmes and, to this end, to pursue, among others, the following aims in promoting measures for improving the international protection of refugee women:] Provide all refugee women and girls with effective and equitable access to basic services, including food, water and relief supplies, health and sanitation, education and skills training, and make wage-earning opportunities available to them; | Executive Committee of the Programme of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees | ExCom Conclusion |
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| 1990 | ||
General Conclusion On International Protection 1991, para. (e) | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Encourages UNHCR, both at Headquarters and in the field, actively to promote greater support and understanding of UNHCR's policy and activities on behalf of refugee women, including with UNHCR's implementing partners and all appropriate national or international fora where protection problems of refugee women or girls are at issue; | Executive Committee of the Programme of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees | ExCom Conclusion |
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| 1991 | ||
General Conclusion On International Protection 1992, para. (j) | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Reaffirms its Conclusion No. 64 (XLI) on Refugee Women and International Protection, and calls upon the High Commissioner to pursue her efforts to increase public awareness of the rights and protection needs of refugee women and girls, inter alia, through further sensitization of bodies concerned with the status of women, and by promoting and supporting the inclusion of the issue of the rights of refugee women on the international human rights agenda; | Executive Committee of the Programme of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees | ExCom Conclusion |
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| 1992 | ||
Violence against women 1992, para. 21 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Rural women are at risk of gender-based violence because of traditional attitudes regarding the subordinate role of women that persist in many rural communities. Girls from rural communities are at special risk of violence and sexual exploitation when they leave the rural community to seek employment in towns. | Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women | General Comment / Recommendation |
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| 1992 | ||
Violence against women 1992, para. 15 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Poverty and unemployment force many women, including young girls, into prostitution. Prostitutes are especially vulnerable to violence because their status, which may be unlawful, tends to marginalize them. They need the equal protection of laws against rape and other forms of violence. | Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women | General Comment / Recommendation |
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| 1992 | ||
Refugee Protection and Sexual Violence 1993, para. (k) | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Encourages the High Commissioner to pursue actively her efforts, in cooperation with bodies and organizations dealing with human rights, to increase awareness of the rights of refugees and the specific needs and abilities of refugee women and girls and to promote the full and effective implementation of the Guidelines on the Protection of Refugee Women; | Executive Committee of the Programme of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees | ExCom Conclusion |
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| 1993 | ||
General Conclusion On International Protection 1993, para. (v) | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Calls upon the High Commissioner to pursue her efforts to ensure the protection of refugee women and girls and reaffirms in this regard its Conclusion No. 64 (XLII) on Refugee Women and International Protection and paragraphs (i) to (k) of Conclusion No. 68 (XLIII); | Executive Committee of the Programme of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees | ExCom Conclusion |
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| 1993 | ||
Equality in marriage and family relations 1994, para. 38 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Some countries provide for different ages for marriage for men and women. As such provisions assume incorrectly that women have a different rate of intellectual development from men, or that their stage of physical and intellectual development at marriage is immaterial, these provisions should be abolished. In other countries, the betrothal of girls or undertakings by family members on their behalf is permitted. Such measures contravene not only the Convention, but also a woman's right freely to choose her partner. | Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women | General Comment / Recommendation |
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| 1994 | ||
Equality in marriage and family relations 1994, para. 36 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | In the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action adopted by the World Conference on Human Rights, held at Vienna from 14 to 25 June 1993, States are urged to repeal existing laws and regulations and to remove customs and practices which discriminate against and cause harm to the girl child. Article 16 (2) and the provisions of the Convention on the Rights of the Child preclude States parties from permitting or giving validity to a marriage between persons who have not attained their majority. In the context of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, "a child means every human being below the age of 18 years unless, under the law applicable to the child, majority is attained earlier". Notwithstanding this definition, and bearing in mind the provisions of the Vienna Declaration, the Committee considers that the minimum age for marriage should be 18 years for both man and woman. When men and women marry, they assume important responsibilities. Consequently, marriage should not be permitted before they have attained full maturity and capacity to act. According to the World Health Organization, when minors, particularly girls, marry and have children, their health can be adversely affected and their education is impeded. As a result their economic autonomy is restricted. | Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women | General Comment / Recommendation |
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| 1994 | ||
Women and the media 1996, para. 12 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | The creation of a positive environment is a condition to promote measures intended to achieve a balanced portrayal of women and girls. Changes should be promoted in an enabling way and not through prescription. Ongoing research, including the establishment of indicators and monitoring, is important for assessing progress. | Commission on the Status of Women | CSW Agreed Conclusions / Declaration |
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| 1996 | ||
Child and dependant care, including sharing of work and family responsibilities 1996, para. 9 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | The essential role of the educational system, particularly in primary schools, in changing the perception of the role of girls and boys, must be recognized. The role of national mechanisms and of non-governmental organizations in promoting change is a major one. | Commission on the Status of Women | CSW Agreed Conclusions / Declaration |
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| 1996 | ||
European Social Charter (Revised) 1996, para. 2 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | With a view to ensuring the effective exercise of the right to vocational training, the Parties undertake:
2. to provide or promote a system of apprenticeship and other systematic arrangements for training young boys and girls in their various employments; | Council of Europe | Regional treaty |
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| 1996 | ||
Education and training of women 1997, para. 3 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Governments that have not yet done so should formulate national strategies and action plans for implementation of the Platform for Action that indicate how relevant institutions coordinate action to meet the goals and targets for education. The strategies should be comprehensive, have time-bound targets and benchmarks for monitoring, and include proposals for allocating or reallocating resources for implementation. Mobilization of additional funds from all sources to enable girls and women, as well as boys and men, on an equal basis, to complete their education, may also be necessary. | Commission on the Status of Women | CSW Agreed Conclusions / Declaration |
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| 1997 | ||
Education and training of women 1997, para. 5 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Governments and other actors should promote an active and visible policy of mainstreaming a gender perspective into all policies and programmes, addressing, inter alia, unequal access to educational opportunities and inadequate educational opportunities, and taking into account girls and women in especially difficult circumstances. The education, training and lifelong learning of women should be mainstreamed in policies at all levels, in equal opportunity policies and in national human development plans, where they exist. National machinery for the advancement of women and policy makers in Government, employers' organizations, labour unions, non-governmental organizations and the private sector should collaborate to ensure that all policies are responsive to gender concerns and that women and their organizations participate in the policy-making process. | Commission on the Status of Women | CSW Agreed Conclusions / Declaration |
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| 1997 | ||
Education and training of women 1997, para. 13 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Educational planners and policy makers should give renewed importance to education in mathematics, science and technology for girls and women. In order to develop the skills required, women need to have full access to education in science and technology at all levels, including the use of modern technologies such as information technology, to vocational training and to lifelong learning. Using a wide range of strategies and modalities, efforts should be made - for instance, through the development of information services and professional guidance for girls and women - to promote girls' and women's participation in fields where they are under- represented, such as science, engineering and technology, and to encourage them to participate actively in the development of new technologies, from design to application, monitoring and evaluation. | Commission on the Status of Women | CSW Agreed Conclusions / Declaration |
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| 1997 | ||
Education and training of women 1997, para. 1 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | There is wide consensus that education and training for girls and women, in particular, provides high social and economic returns and is a precondition for the empowerment of women. Education should be aimed at raising and promoting awareness of the rights of women as human rights. Governments, national, regional and international bodies, bilateral and multilateral donors and civil society, including non-governmental organizations, should continue to make special efforts to reduce the female illiteracy rate to at least half its 1990 level, with emphasis on rural, migrant and refugee women, internally displaced women and women with disabilities, in keeping with the Beijing Platform for Action. | Commission on the Status of Women | CSW Agreed Conclusions / Declaration |
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| 1997 | ||
Education and training of women 1997, para. 17 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Governments should provide increased access to non-discriminatory education and training and create safe, enabling environments in order to retain girls and women in schools and eliminate gender disparities in school attendance at all levels of education, including the higher levels. Safety in schools and during extracurricular activities should be promoted by school authorities, parents and administrative personnel. All actors should join efforts by providing school feeding programmes, transport and boarding schools, when necessary. The contribution of non-governmental organizations to all fields of education and, in particular, to lifelong learning is of importance. | Commission on the Status of Women | CSW Agreed Conclusions / Declaration |
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| 1997 | ||
General Conclusion On International Protection 1997, para. (t) | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Reaffirms its Conclusions No. 39 (XXXVI), No. 54 (XXXIX), No. 60 (XL), No. 64 (XLI) and No.73 (XLIV), and urges States, UNHCR, and other humanitarian organizations, as appropriate, to take all necessary steps to implement these Conclusions, including through recognizing as refugees women whose claims to refugee status are based upon a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons enumerated in the 1951 Convention and the 1967 Protocol, including persecution through sexual violence or other gender-related persecution; by the integration of activities on behalf of refugee women in every aspect of programme planning and implementation; and by taking action to eliminate incidents of violence against women and girls; | Executive Committee of the Programme of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees | ExCom Conclusion |
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| 1997 | ||
Women and the environment 1997, para. 20 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | All relevant actors should be encouraged to work in partnership with adolescent girls and boys, utilizing both formal and non-formal educational training activities, inter alia, through sustainable consumption patterns and responsible use of natural resources. | Commission on the Status of Women | CSW Agreed Conclusions / Declaration |
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| 1997 | ||
Women in power and decision-making 1997, para. 14 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Governments should promote educational programmes in which the girl child will be prepared to participate in decision-making within the community as a way to promote her future decision-making capacity in all spheres of life. | Commission on the Status of Women | CSW Agreed Conclusions / Declaration |
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| 1997 | ||
Education and training of women 1997, para. 18 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Governments and all actors should recognize the need for and provide gender-sensitive early childhood education, especially to those groups under difficult circumstances, and should assure the lifelong learning of quality education for the girl child. | Commission on the Status of Women | CSW Agreed Conclusions / Declaration |
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| 1997 | ||
Education and training of women 1997, para. 22 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | The Secretary-General, taking into account his overall responsibility for mainstreaming a gender perspective, should continue to analyse and widely disseminate to Governments and non-governmental organizations, through Women 000 and other publications in the official United Nations languages, information on the education and training of women and girls as part of the follow-up to the Fourth World Conference on Women. | Commission on the Status of Women | CSW Agreed Conclusions / Declaration |
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| 1997 | ||
Education and training of women 1997, para. 16 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | The use of instruments available to ensure equality in education and training should be promoted - instruments such as research, information campaigns, refresher courses for teachers, development of gender-sensitive teaching materials, positive action measures and gender-impact assessments. They focus on a variety of actors: girls and boys, parents, teachers, school administrators and policy makers. | Commission on the Status of Women | CSW Agreed Conclusions / Declaration |
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| 1997 | ||
Education and training of women 1997, para. 20 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | The bodies and specialized agencies of the United Nations system, within their existing mandates, should compile and disseminate information on best practices or strategies for retaining women and girls at all levels of education. | Commission on the Status of Women | CSW Agreed Conclusions / Declaration |
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| 1997 | ||
Education and training of women 1997, para. 14 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | The development of gender-sensitive teaching materials, classroom practices and curricula and of awareness-raising and regular gender training for teachers is a prerequisite for breaking down gender stereotypes and developing non-discriminatory education and training aimed at the physical and intellectual development of girls and boys. Teacher training is an essential component in the transmittal of gender-sensitive programmes for eliminating the differential behavioural expectations of girls and boys that reinforce the division of labour by gender. Techniques for improving teachers' capabilities to deliver gender-sensitive instruction need to be researched and widely disseminated in order to support the development of multicultural, gender-sensitive curricula in all areas of instruction. | Commission on the Status of Women | CSW Agreed Conclusions / Declaration |
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| 1997 |