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Title | Date added | Template | Original document | Paragraph text | Body | Document type | Thematics | Topic(s) | Person(s) affected | Year |
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African Youth Charter 2006, para. 4e | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | 4. States Parties shall take all appropriate measures with a view to achieving full realisation of this right to gainful employment and shall in particular: e) Implement appropriately-timed career guidance for youth as part of the schooling and post-schooling education system; | African Union | Regional treaty |
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| 2006 | ||
African Youth Charter 2006, para. 2d | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | 2. States Parties recognise that the shift towards a knowledge-based economy is dependent on information and communication technology which in turn has contributed towards a dynamic youth culture and global consciousness. In this regard, they shall: d) Help young people to use positive elements of globalisation such as science and technology and information and communication technology to promote new cultural forms that link the past to the future; | African Union | Regional treaty |
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| 2006 | ||
African Youth Charter 2006, para. 2b | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | 2. States Parties recognise that the shift towards a knowledge-based economy is dependent on information and communication technology which in turn has contributed towards a dynamic youth culture and global consciousness. In this regard, they shall: b) Encourage the local production of and access to information and communication technology content; | African Union | Regional treaty |
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| 2006 | ||
African Youth Charter 2006, para. 4e | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | 4. States Parties shall take all appropriate measures with a view to achieving full realisation of this right and shall, in particular: e) Revitalise vocational education and training relevant to current and prospective employment opportunities and expand access by developing centres in rural and remote areas; | African Union | Regional treaty |
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| 2006 | ||
African Youth Charter 2006, para. 1j | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | 1. States Parties acknowledge the need to eliminate discrimination against girls and young women according to obligations stipulated in various international, regional and national human rights conventions and instruments designed to protect and promote women's rights. In this regard, they shall: j) Offer equal access to young women to employment and promote their participation in all sectors of employment; | African Union | Regional treaty |
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| 2006 | ||
African Youth Charter 2006, para. 1 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | 1. Every young person shall have the right to gainful employment. | African Union | Regional treaty |
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| 2006 | ||
African Youth Charter 2006, para. f | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Every young person shall have responsibilities towards his family and society, the State, and the international community. Youth shall have the duty to: f) Contribute to the promotion of the economic development of States Parties and Africa by placing their physical and intellectual abilities at its service; | African Union | Regional treaty |
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| 2006 | ||
African Youth Charter 2006, para. 4j | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | 4. States Parties shall take all appropriate measures with a view to achieving full realisation of this right and shall, in particular: j) Adopt pedagogy that incorporates the benefits of and trains young people in the use of modern information and communication technology such that youth are better prepared for the world of work; | African Union | Regional treaty |
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| 2006 | ||
Adolescents and youth 2012, para. 38 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Requests the Secretary-General to continue, within the framework of the implementation of the Programme of Action, the substantive work on adolescents and youth, including integrating gender and age perspectives, and other relevant perspectives, into analyses and recommendations, in collaboration and coordination with relevant United Nations agencies, funds and programmes, and other relevant international organizations, and giving due consideration to their implications for development and poverty eradication, and sustained, equitable and inclusive economic growth. | Commission on Population and Development | Resolution |
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| 2012 | ||
Adolescents and youth 2012, para. 20 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Encourages Member States to meet the needs and aspirations of youth, particularly in the areas of education, work, income creation and citizen participation, through, inter alia, training programmes that result from dialogue between Governments, employers and employees of various sectors of the economy, as appropriate; | Commission on Population and Development | Resolution |
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| 2012 | ||
Women’s economic empowerment in the changing world of work 2017, para. 39 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | The Commission welcomes the major contributions made by civil society, including women's and community-based organizations, feminist groups, women human rights defenders and girls' and youth-led organizations, in placing the interests, needs and visions of women and girls on local, national, regional and international agendas, including the 2030 Agenda, and recognizes the importance of having an open, inclusive and transparent engagement with civil society in the implementation of measures on women's economic empowerment in the changing world of work. | Commission on the Status of Women | CSW Agreed Conclusions / Declaration |
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| 2017 | ||
Challenges and achievements in the implementation of the Millennium Development Goals for women and girls 2014, para. 35 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | The Commission expresses deep concern about the ongoing adverse impacts, particularly on development and the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals for women and girls, of the world financial and economic crisis, recognizing evidence of an uneven and fragile recovery, and cognizant that the global economy, notwithstanding significant efforts that helped contain tail risks, improve financial market conditions and sustain recovery, still remains in a challenging phase, with downside risks, inter alia, for women and girls, including high volatility in global markets, high unemployment, particularly among youth, indebtedness in some countries and widespread fiscal strains that pose challenges for global economic recovery and reflect the need for additional progress towards sustaining and rebalancing global demand, and stresses the need for continuing efforts to address systemic fragilities and imbalances and to reform and strengthen the international financial system while implementing the reforms agreed to date, and in respect of maintaining adequate levels of funding for the achievement of gender equality and the empowerment of women. | Commission on the Status of Women | CSW Agreed Conclusions / Declaration |
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| 2014 | ||
The right to education (Art. 13) 1999, para. 16e | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | [An introduction to technology and to the world of work should not be confined to specific TVE programmes but should be understood as a component of general education. According to the UNESCO Convention on Technical and Vocational Education (1989), TVE consists of "all forms and levels of the educational process involving, in addition to general knowledge, the study of technologies and related sciences and the acquisition of practical skills, know-how, attitudes and understanding relating to occupations in the various sectors of economic and social life" (art. 1 (a)). This view is also reflected in certain ILO Conventions. Understood in this way, the right to TVE includes the following aspects:] It consists, in the context of the Covenant's non discrimination and equality provisions, of programmes which promote the TVE of women, girls, out of school youth, unemployed youth, the children of migrant workers, refugees, persons with disabilities and other disadvantaged groups. | Committee on Social, Economic and Cultural Rights | General Comment / Recommendation |
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| 1999 | ||
Non-discrimination in economic, social and cultural rights (Art. 2, para. 2) 2009, para. 4 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | The Covenant also explicitly mentions the principles of non-discrimination and equality with respect to some individual rights. Article 3 requires States to undertake to ensure the equal right of men and women to enjoy the Covenant rights and article 7 includes the "right to equal remuneration for work of equal value" and "equal opportunity for everyone to be promoted" in employment. Article 10 stipulates that, inter alia, mothers should be accorded special protection during a reasonable period before and after childbirth and that special measures of protection and assistance should be taken for children and young persons without discrimination. Article 13 recognizes that "primary education shall be compulsory and available free to all" and provides that "higher education shall be made equally accessible to all". | Committee on Social, Economic and Cultural Rights | General Comment / Recommendation |
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| 2009 | ||
The right to work (Art. 6) 2005, para. 15 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | The protection of children is covered by article 10 of the Covenant. The Committee recalls its general comment No. 14 (2000) and in particular paragraphs 22 and 23 on children's right to health, and emphasizes the need to protect children from all forms of work that are likely to interfere with their development or physical or mental health. The Committee reaffirms the need to protect children from economic exploitation, to enable them to pursue their full development and acquire technical and vocational education as indicated in article 6, paragraph 2. The Committee also recalls its general comment No. 13 (1999), in particular the definition of technical and vocational education (paras. 15 and 16) as a component of general education. Several international human rights instruments adopted after the ICESCR, such as the Convention on the Rights of the Child, expressly recognize the need to protect children and young people against any form of economic exploitation or forced labour. | Committee on Social, Economic and Cultural Rights | General Comment / Recommendation |
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| 2005 | ||
Non-discrimination in economic, social and cultural rights (Art. 2, para. 2) 2009, para. 29 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Age is a prohibited ground of discrimination in several contexts. The Committee has highlighted the need to address discrimination against unemployed older persons in finding work, or accessing professional training or retraining, and against older persons living in poverty with unequal access to universal old-age pensions due to their place of residence. In relation to young persons, unequal access by adolescents to sexual and reproductive health information and services amounts to discrimination. | Committee on Social, Economic and Cultural Rights | General Comment / Recommendation |
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| 2009 | ||
Vulnerabilities of children to sale, trafficking and other forms of exploitation in situations of
conflict and humanitarian crisis 2017, para. 44 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | By the time children arrive at their destination, they have acquired debts with exploiters who take away their documents and use threats or violence to subdue them into labour exploitation. For example, Iranian and Afghani children who have crossed the English Channel find themselves pressured to send money to their families, while also repaying substantial debts related to their journeys. This heavy financial burden drives children to accept working conditions that constitute worst forms of child labour, including trafficking. At destination, many are trafficked for forced and exploitative labour in farms and factories and on fishing boats. For example, in France and the United Kingdom, young men are exploited in cannabis farms, while others are allegedly exploited in the agriculture sector in Europe. | Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2017 | ||
Implementing child rights in early childhood 2006, para. 21 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Appropriate assistance to parents can best be achieved as part of comprehensive policies for early childhood (see section V below), including provision for health, care and education during the early years. States parties should ensure that parents are given appropriate support to enable them to involve young children fully in such programmes, especially the most disadvantaged and vulnerable groups. In particular, article 18.3 acknowledges that many parents are economically active, often in poorly paid occupations which they combine with their parental responsibilities. Article 18.3 requires States parties to take all appropriate measures to ensure that children of working parents have the right to benefit from childcare services, maternity protection and facilities for which they are eligible. In this regard, the Committee recommends that States parties ratify the Maternity Protection Convention, 2000 (No. 183) of the International Labour Organization. | Committee on the Rights of the Child | General Comment / Recommendation |
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| 2006 | ||
State obligations regarding the impact of the business sector on children’s rights 2013, para. 84 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Civil society has a critical role in the independent promotion and protection of children's rights in the context of business operations. This includes monitoring and holding business accountable; supporting children to have access to justice and remedies; contributing to child-rights impact assessments; and raising awareness amongst businesses of their responsibility to respect children's rights. States should ensure conditions for an active and vigilant civil society, including effective collaboration with and support to independent civil society organizations, child and youth-led organizations, academia, chambers of commerce and industry, trade unions, consumer associations and professional institutions. States should refrain from interfering with these and other independent organizations and facilitate their involvement in public policy and programmes relating to children's rights and business. | Committee on the Rights of the Child | General Comment / Recommendation |
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| 2013 | ||
European Social Charter (Revised) 1996, para. 2 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | With a view to ensuring the effective exercise of the right of children and young persons to protection, the Parties undertake:
2. to provide that the minimum age of admission to employment shall be 18 years with respect to prescribed occupations regarded as dangerous or unhealthy; | Council of Europe | Regional treaty |
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| 1996 | ||
Minimum Age Convention 1973, para. 6. (b) | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | [This Convention does not apply to work done by children and young persons in schools for general, vocational or technical education or in other training institutions, or to work done by persons at least 14 years of age in undertakings, where such work is carried out in accordance with conditions prescribed by the competent authority, after consultation with the organizations of employers and workers concerned, where such exist, and is an integral part of:] a programme of training mainly or entirely in an undertaking, which programme has been approved by the competent authority; or | International Labour Organization | International treaty |
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| 1973 | ||
Minimum Age Convention 1973, para. 6. (a) | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | [This Convention does not apply to work done by children and young persons in schools for general, vocational or technical education or in other training institutions, or to work done by persons at least 14 years of age in undertakings, where such work is carried out in accordance with conditions prescribed by the competent authority, after consultation with the organizations of employers and workers concerned, where such exist, and is an integral part of:] a course of education or training for which a school or training institution is primarily responsible; | International Labour Organization | International treaty |
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| 1973 | ||
Minimum Age Convention 1973, para. 3. (1) | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | The minimum age for admission to any type of employment or work which by its nature or the circumstances in which it is carried out is likely to jeopardise the health, safety or morals of young persons shall not be less than 18 years. | International Labour Organization | International treaty |
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| 1973 | ||
Minimum Age Convention 1973, para. 6. (c) | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | [This Convention does not apply to work done by children and young persons in schools for general, vocational or technical education or in other training institutions, or to work done by persons at least 14 years of age in undertakings, where such work is carried out in accordance with conditions prescribed by the competent authority, after consultation with the organizations of employers and workers concerned, where such exist, and is an integral part of:] a programme of guidance or orientation designed to facilitate the choice of an occupation or of a line of training. | International Labour Organization | International treaty |
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| 1973 | ||
Minimum Age Convention 1973, para. 3. (3) | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 1 of this Article, national laws or regulations or the competent authority may, after consultation with the organisations of employers and workers concerned, where such exist, authorise employment or work as from the age of 16 years on condition that the health, safety and morals of the young persons concerned are fully protected and that the young persons have received adequate specific instruction or vocational training in the relevant branch of activity. | International Labour Organization | International treaty |
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| 1973 | ||
Child slavery in the artisanal mining and quarrying sector 2011, para. 52 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Children working in the mines and quarries are vulnerable to physical, sexual, moral and social harm. Artisanal mining and quarrying is inherently informal and illegal -as either it costs too much to get the legal permit to mine or there is no need to get a permit as the law is not enforced. These "frontier communities" are riddled with violence, crime, trafficking in young girls and women for sexual exploitation, prostitution, drug and alcohol use (ibid.). There have been reports that children are given drugs so that they are able to fearlessly extract minerals underground or underwater. Children also take drugs and alcohol in the belief that it makes them stronger and as a result of peer pressure. The drug abuse (particularly amphetamines and marijuana) and alcohol (commercial and/or local brew) destroy their health and keep them in the vicious circle of poverty. Children who arrive alone to work in this sector are even more vulnerable to abuses (see A/HRC/18/30/Add.2). | Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2011 | ||
Child slavery in the artisanal mining and quarrying sector 2011, para. 98 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | In order to develop national policies against child labour, most States have created multisectoral insitutions to prevent and eradicate child labour, made up of governmental authorities, representatives of the workers' union, representatives of the employers' union, NGOs and international organizations, the main task of which is to articulate national action plan for the prevention and eradication of child labour. These institutions should have specific programmes to prevent and eradicate child slavery in the mining and quarrying sector. They should also develop and implement policies and social programmes targeting children working in the mines and quarries. Such policies and programmes need to be translated for use at the local levels. In countries most advanced in terms of decentralization, the regional, municipal and local governments have an increasing role with regard to the education, health and protection of children and youth services. Local governments, policies and programmes, because of their proximity to the reality of children and their families, are essential for the development of sustainable and effective actions for the eradication of child working in the mining and quarrying sector. These plans should have sufficient human and financial resources to ensure that they are fully implemented. | Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2011 | ||
Human rights based approach to recovery from the global economic and financial crises, with a focus on those living in poverty 2011, para. 75 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | The obligations of non-discrimination and equality oblige States to ensure that employment creation policies benefit all sectors of society equally. Policies that increase the employability (for example, through demand-driven skills development and vocational training) of groups that face specific barriers in their access to employment, such as women, persons with disabilities, young people and indigenous populations, will assist States in fulfilling their human rights obligations. To remove obstacles to employment for women, States should ensure the availability of care services (from the State, the community and the market), the redistribution of paid and unpaid work from a gender perspective and the elimination of all forms of gender discrimination. States are not only obliged to undertake effective legislation to this end, but also to take measures to modify social and cultural patterns of conduct of men and women. | Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2011 | ||
Extreme poverty and human rights on universal basic income 2017, para. 51 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | However, the negative income tax option would be problematic for 18- to 29-year-olds and for senior women. The Canadian examples demonstrate the potentially positive effects of negative income tax, but warn that a basic income model that replaces existing social support mechanisms could have seriously negative effects on the poor. | Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2017 | ||
Progress and challenges relating to the human rights of IDPs 2016, para. 51 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | The projects included emergency employment, restoration and stabilization of disrupted livelihoods, emergency support to vulnerable groups, capacity development, advocacy and technical assistance. They included the restoration of small businesses, including food production and processing, small scale manufacturing, debris and waste removal, re-establishing markets and stimulating local economies by encouraging local production and procurement. Vocational training was provided through entrepreneurship promotion activities, with a special focus on vulnerable groups, including female-headed households, persons with disabilities and young people. The monitoring and documentation of such programmes is necessary to ensure that they improve self-reliance in a sustainable way. | Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
| Special Procedures' report |
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| 2016 |