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Title | Date added | Template | Original document | Paragraph text | Body | Document type | Thematics | Topic(s) | Person(s) affected | Year |
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Diversity in humanity, humanity in diversity 2017, para. 26 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | The initiatives of regional organizations have led to constructive developments. The European human rights system has evolved greatly and proactively on the issue of sexual orientation and gender identity. The Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (European Convention on Human Rights) has flourished, with important case work on sexual orientation and gender identity being carried out. Furthermore, a number of articles of the Convention, on such matters as the right to non-discrimination, the prohibition of torture, the right to privacy and the right to freedom of expression have been the subject of judicial deliberation. There have been a variety of cases before the European Court of Human Rights, covering a wide expanse of Europe and interlinking geographically with the furthest reaches of Asia, with much innovative thinking. In parallel to this, the European Union, with its Charter of Fundamental Rights, has strengthened measures against violence and discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity, including via the collection and collation of data through the European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights to inform policymaking and action. | Independent Expert on protection against violence and discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2017 | ||
Embrace diversity and energize humanity 2017, para. 42 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | The Human Rights Commission of Malaysia pointed out that, given the sensitivities surrounding issues relating to LGBTI rights in Malaysia, it had adopted a step-by-step approach in addressing such issues. In August 2010, the Commission organized a meeting with various Islamic groups with the objective of gaining a better understanding of Islamic perspectives of LGBTI and of substantiating Islamic sensitivities and views regarding such LGBTI actions as same sex intercourse, cross dressing, imitation of the opposite gender and gender reassignment. The application of the principles of non-discrimination under the Federal Constitution on LGBTI was also discussed. The meeting was followed by a roundtable discussion in 2011 during which participants raised some issues related to sexual minorities, including the need to protect sexual minorities from violence through legal and other forms of protection and redress, to recognize transgender persons by ensuring an enabling environment and to review relevant laws to prevent discrimination, for example through the inclusion of sexual orientation and gender identity as a grounds for discrimination in article 8(2) of the Federal Constitution. | Independent Expert on protection against violence and discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2017 | ||
Embrace diversity and energize humanity 2017, para. 20 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Recent welcome developments at the national level include a new law enacted by the Parliament of Canada (Bill C-16) expanding protection under the Canadian human rights law to cover transgender persons, including protection from hate speech, and in Germany and Taiwan Province of China, moves towards recognition of same-sex marriage. In India, the Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation issued guidelines in April 2017, directed to all states, to allow transgender persons to use the facility of their choice in community or public toilets, and a Ministry of Health and Family Welfare resources kit for adolescents explains that same-sex attraction is normal. Peru introduced a new education curriculum on 1 January 2017 which makes it mandatory to teach about sexual and reproductive rights, abortion, sexual orientation and gender identity, and in March 2017 Japan updated its basic policy for the prevention of bullying, which expressly protects sexual and gender minority students. Several initiatives have also been taken in 2017 to ban “conversion therapy”, for example in Taiwan, Province of China, in the State of Victoria (Australia) and in the State of California (United States of America). | Independent Expert on protection against violence and discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2017 | ||
Gender-related killings of women 2012, para. 74 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | The Human Rights Council has expressed its concern about the increasing violence and killings of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender persons and the impunity surrounding these crimes. More recently, the Council passed a groundbreaking resolution on human rights violations based on sexual orientation and gender identity. | Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2012 | ||
Gender-related killings of women 2012, para. 73 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | In the case of South Africa, the recent murders of Black lesbian women demonstrates the multiple and intersecting factors that have led to an escalation in homophobic attacks, despite progressive constitutional provisions preventing discrimination on the basis of, among others, race, gender and sexual orientation. | Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2012 | ||
Right to health and criminalization of same-sex conduct and sexual orientation, sex-work and HIV transmission 2010, para. 29 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Historically, sex work has been criminalized in two major ways. First, through the criminalization of the selling of sexual services, with the imposition of penalties upon sex workers themselves. Second, through the criminalization of various practices around sex work: these include, but are not limited to, keeping a brothel; recruiting for or arranging the prostitution of others; living off the proceeds of sex work; solicitation; and facilitating sex work through the provision of information or assistance. Although the former is not directly criminalized in many States worldwide, sex workers are nonetheless treated as criminals where activities around sex work are criminalized, or through the use of other pre-existing laws (not specific to sex work) to harass, intimidate or justify the use of force against sex workers. Examples include the use of vagrancy or public nuisance laws to detain or arrest street sex workers, or the use of laws prohibiting homosexual acts in relation to male and transgender sex workers. | Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2010 | ||
Challenges faced by groups most at risk when exercising or seeking to exercise the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and/or of association 2014, para. 64 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | In addition to legislation that restricts the right to the freedom of assembly of LGBTI people through discriminatory law that prohibits "propaganda" or the "promotion" of homosexuality, some legislation also specifically prohibits the formation, running, participation in or support of organizations that advocate for the protection of the human rights of LGBTI people. This is the case of the above-mentioned Same Sex Marriage (Prohibition) Act in Nigeria. The Special Rapporteur highlights that the Human Rights Committee has clarified that any limitations to rights protected by the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, when permitted by the Covenant, may not be imposed for discriminatory purposes or applied in a discriminatory manner. Therefore, provisions restricting or prohibiting the right to freedom of association of a specific group on discriminatory grounds, such as sexual orientation or gender identity, is not permitted under the Covenant and must be reviewed with a view to repeal. | Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2014 | ||
Challenges faced by groups most at risk when exercising or seeking to exercise the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and/or of association 2014, para. 46 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | In other cases, inaction by authorities may prevent some groups from exercising their right to freedom of peaceful assembly. The Special Rapporteur has received numerous reports from India regarding the disruption of public assemblies of Dalit individuals - members of the country's traditional "untouchable" caste. This includes one case in 2009 in which members of another caste obstructed a funeral procession and beat members of the Dalit community. Police reportedly failed to intervene, despite being present. In Egypt, peaceful female demonstrators were sexually assaulted repeatedly in Tahir Square, largely due to the inaction of law enforcement authorities. In Bosnia and Herzegovina, unidentified individuals violently disrupted LGBTI events in 2008 and 2014. In both cases, the police failed to provide protection to the organizers and participants. In several countries, stigmatization and counter-demonstrations against LGBTI pride parades and marches have also dissuaded organizers from holding such events. | Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2014 | ||
The exercise of the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association in the context of multilateral institutions 2014, para. 24 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Article 71 of the Charter of the United Nations, for example, is implemented primarily via the United Nations Committee on Non-Governmental Organizations, which recommends Economic and Social Council status for NGOs wishing to participate in the Council. Status is required of NGOs to attend and participate in many United Nations meetings, and to make statements before the Human Rights Council. The Special Rapporteur received numerous complaints that the process of obtaining Council status is long, complex, costly, beyond the capability of many small civil society organizations and impossible to obtain for informal organizations and grass-roots networks, in particular those which do not have access to the Internet. This has resulted in a perceived underrepresentation of smaller organizations, such as lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender groups and civic organizations from the Global South. In addition to these practical barriers, NGO applicants also face political ones. The Special Rapporteur reviews both in section IV below. | Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2014 | ||
Adequacy of the international legal framework on violence against women 2017, para. 34 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Civil society organizations called for more support for women’s organizations on the ground, underlining that women human rights defenders faced daily threats and harassment, and needed greater protection. At the same time, more regulations addressing violence against particular groups of women, such as women belonging to minority groups; migrants; lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender persons; elderly women; women with disabilities; and widows, were also supported. | Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2017 | ||
Embrace diversity and energize humanity 2017, para. 24 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | The Independent Expert took part in a lecture at a seminar for human rights defenders in Manila, highlighting in particular the channels for activating communications through the United Nations special procedures to seek protection and redress. He attended various European activities in relation to the International Day against Homophobia, Transphobia and Biphobia in Brussels, calling for strategic action to overcome violence and discrimination, including the need for human rights-sensitive laws, policies, programmes, case enforcement in the courts, accessible mechanisms and personnel, resources, education and monitoring, data generation, accountability provisions, and networking and mobilization for national reforms to comply with international standards. During the regular session of the Human Rights Council in March 2017, he contributed to a panel on transgender persons, mental health and human rights and advocated the need to engage more strongly with the health sector, particularly on such issues as conversion therapy, forced sterilization, medical diagnosis and counselling, all of which might be interlinked with violence and discrimination, as well as the need for comprehensive health care for all. Concurrently, he helped to train human rights defenders from several parts of the world on the issue of sexual orientation and gender identity in a session organized by a non-governmental organization. | Independent Expert on protection against violence and discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2017 | ||
Embrace diversity and energize humanity 2017, para. 1 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | The theme of the present report is “Embrace diversity and energize humanity”. It has been submitted by Vitit Muntarbhorn, who in 2016 was appointed as the Independent Expert on protection against violence and discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity, pursuant to Human Rights Council resolution 32/2. He wishes to warmly thank Governments, international organizations, non-governmental organizations, communities, individuals and other stakeholders for their kind support. In accordance with the request of the Council in its resolution 32/2, paragraph 4, the first report of the Independent Expert was submitted to the Council in April 2017 (A/HRC/35/36). The present report is submitted in line with paragraph 4 of the same resolution, in which the Council requested the Independent Expert to present a report to the General Assembly at its seventy-second session. The Independent Expert will elaborate upon the six underpinnings mentioned in his first report, adjusted as follows: decriminalization of consensual same-sex relations and of gender identity and expression; effective anti-discrimination measures; legal recognition of gender identity; destigmatization linked with depathologization; sociocultural inclusion; and education with empathy. The present report (part one) will address the first two underpinnings, decriminalization and anti-discrimination. Parts two and three, due in 2018, will deal with the other underpinnings consecutively. | Independent Expert on protection against violence and discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2017 | ||
Gender equality in the realization of the human rights to water and sanitation 2016, para. 9 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Many legal constituencies, however, have laws in place that hinder the equal enjoyment of the rights to water and sanitation. In many countries, land ownership, which is a precondition for gaining access to water, is often denied to women by family laws that also make it difficult for women to inherit land. Some countries criminalize open defecation while at the same time closing down public sanitation facilities. Public urination and defecation is often criminalized and laws that aim to keep cities clean may discriminate against homeless persons who have no other option but to relieve themselves in the open. Among them are many women and girls in desperate need of an adequate facility that offers privacy. Some States allow individuals to use toilets in a manner consistent with that person's chosen gender identity while other States oblige persons to use only those toilets that correspond with the biological sex listed on their birth certificate. Restrictive gender recognition laws not only severely undermine transgender peoples' ability to enjoy their rights to basic services, it also prevents them from living safely, free from violence and discrimination. Water and sanitation facilities must be safe, available, accessible, affordable, socially and culturally acceptable, provide privacy and ensure dignity for all individuals, including those who are transgender and gender non-conforming. | Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2016 | ||
Certain forms of abuses in health-care settings that may cross a threshold of mistreatment that is tantamount to torture or cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment 2013, para. 76 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | The Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) has concluded that homophobic ill-treatment on the part of health professionals is unacceptable and should be proscribed and denounced. There is an abundance of accounts and testimonies of persons being denied medical treatment, subjected to verbal abuse and public humiliation, psychiatric evaluation, a variety of forced procedures such as sterilization, State-sponsored forcible anal examinations for the prosecution of suspected homosexual activities, and invasive virginity examinations conducted by health-care providers, hormone therapy and genital-normalizing surgeries under the guise of so called "reparative therapies". These procedures are rarely medically necessary, can cause scarring, loss of sexual sensation, pain, incontinence and lifelong depression and have also been criticized as being unscientific, potentially harmful and contributing to stigma (A/HRC/14/20, para. 23). The Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women expressed concern about lesbian, bisexual, transgender and intersex women as "victims of abuses and mistreatment by health service providers" (A/HRC/19/41, para. 56). | Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2013 | ||
Solitary confinement 2011, para. 69 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender individuals are often subjected to solitary confinement as a form of "protective custody". Although segregation of such individuals may be necessary for their safety, lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender status does not justify limitations on their social regime, e.g., access to recreation, reading materials, legal counsel or medical doctors. | Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2011 | ||
Use of legislation to regulate activities of human rights defenders 2012, para. 35 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | The Special Rapporteur emphasizes that the Human Rights Committee has found adult consensual sexual activity in private to be part of a person's privacy, which is protected under article 17 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (CCPR/C/50/D/488/1992, para. 8.2). Laws criminalizing consensual homosexual acts conducted in private violate a person's rights to privacy and to freedom from discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity, in breach of applicable international human rights law (A/HRC/19/41, para. 41). Defenders working on these issues are advocating human rights standards that are internationally recognized. States should therefore ensure that defenders working to promote lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender rights can do so in a conducive and open environment without fear of persecution. Given that it is the right of human rights defenders to develop and discuss new human rights ideas and principles and to advocate their acceptance under article 7 of the Declaration on Human Rights Defenders, it is the responsibility of the State to ensure that its legislation relating to public morals caters to this right and does not compromise the rights of defenders to freedom of expression, freedom of association and freedom of peaceful assembly. | Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2012 | ||
Use of legislation to regulate activities of human rights defenders 2012, para. 32 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | With regard to freedom of expression, these laws have an equally detrimental effect, given that publishing an article or expressing an opinion in favour of equal rights for lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender people may expose someone to criminal prosecution. This leads to self-censorship among defenders working on issues relating to sexual orientation and gender identity. | Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2012 | ||
Violations committed against defenders by non-State actors 2010, para. 18 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | The Special Rapporteur has been made aware of cases in which newspapers have directly incited homophobia or portrayed defenders working on lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender rights as homosexuals. In one particular case, such defenders had to go into hiding, fearing for their physical safety and psychological integrity following the publication of their names and pictures in newspapers. | Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2010 | ||
Sports and healthy lifestyles as contributing factors to the right to health 2016, para. 60 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | At the amateur level, sporting facilities and teams can be hostile spaces for transgender athletes, including non-binary people. Barriers include poorly designed changing rooms, requirements to wear clothing that might cause individual discomfort or hinder bodily movement, and restrictions on the use of sex-segregated bathrooms. | Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2016 | ||
Right to health of adolescents 2016, para. 41 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Lesbian, bisexual and transgender youth are at risk of "punitive" rape on the basis of their sexual orientation or gender identity. Adolescents suffer disproportionately from the effects of gun violence and significant numbers of adolescents face serious harm or death as a consequence of armed conflict. | Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2016 | ||
Work of the mandate and priorities of the SR 2015, para. 26 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Previous mandate holders have also looked into the negative impact of the criminalization of consensual same-sex conduct, of sexual orientation and gender identity, of sex work and of HIV transmission (see A/HRC/14/20). Such work has shown that punitive policies and criminalization are not effective and act as a barrier to access health services, fuel social stigma and exclusion and lead to poor health outcomes. | Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2015 | ||
Right to health and criminalization of same-sex conduct and sexual orientation, sex-work and HIV transmission 2010, para. 26 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | A right-to-health approach requires that States decriminalize same-sex consensual conduct, as well as repeal laws that discriminate in respect of sexual orientation and gender identity, in order to meet core obligations of the right to health and create an environment enabling full enjoyment of the right. | Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2010 | ||
Right to health and criminalization of same-sex conduct and sexual orientation, sex-work and HIV transmission 2010, para. 21 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Many reports indicate instances of violence directed at individuals based on same-sex conduct and gender identity. Violence can inhibit individuals from seeking access to health services out of fear of reprisals and secondary victimization resulting from identification as a victim of such an attack. | Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2010 | ||
Best practices that promote and protect the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association 2012, para. 64 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Furthermore, States have a negative obligation not to unduly obstruct the exercise of the right to freedom of association. Members of associations should be free to determine their statutes, structure and activities and make decisions without State interference (e.g. legislation in Bulgaria, Slovakia and Slovenia). Associations pursuing objectives and employing means in accordance with international human rights law should benefit from international legal protection. Associations should enjoy, inter alia, the rights to express opinion, disseminate information, engage with the public and advocate before Governments and international bodies for human rights, for the preservation and development of a minority's culture or for changes in law, including changes in the Constitution. The Special Rapporteur recognizes that the formation of associations embracing minority or dissenting views or beliefs may sometimes lead to tensions, but he emphasizes the duty of the State to ensure that everyone can peacefully express their views without any fear. For instance, in Lesotho, the Registrar General registered the first ever lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender organization in the country called Matrix in November 2010 (after numerous delays). | Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2012 | ||
Gender perspectives on torture and other cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment
or punishment 2016, para. 36 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Humiliating and invasive body searches may constitute torture or ill-treatment, particularly for transgender detainees. In States where homosexuality is criminalized, men suspected of same-sex conduct are subject to non-consensual anal examinations intended to obtain physical evidence of homosexuality, a practice that is medically worthless and amounts to torture or ill-treatment (CAT/C/CR/29/4). | Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2016 | ||
Eliminating discrimination against women in the area of health and safety, with a focus on the instrumentalization of women's bodies 2016, para. 58 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | In many settings, especially where same-sex consensual sexual behaviour is prohibited, lesbian, bisexual and transgender persons are deterred from seeking health services out of fear of being arrested and prosecuted. Even in countries where same-sex sexual orientation is not criminalized, lesbians are often discriminated against and mistreated by medical providers, which deters them from seeking health services. In some settings, they are subjected to coercive, inhumane and degrading practices such as "corrective" or punitive rape. Transgender persons are often subjected in law and practice to compulsory medical interventions without being given an opportunity for informed decision-making and choice. Their gender identity is pathologized in many countries and they are often subjected to mental and physical examinations and treatments and forced to undergo "conversion therapies". Transgender persons' biological needs, such as transition-related medical services, screening for cervical cancer, termination of pregnancy and contraception, are often refused by service providers. | Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2016 | ||
Women’s access to justice 2015, para. 49 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Women are also disproportionately criminalized owing to their situation or status, such as being involved in prostitution, being a migrant, having been accused of adultery, identity as a lesbian, bisexual or transgender woman or intersex person, having undergone an abortion or belonging to other groups that face discrimination. | Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women | General Comment / Recommendation |
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| 2015 | ||
Gender-related dimensions of refugee status, asylum, nationality and statelessness of women 2014, para. 6 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | The Committee has, in previous general recommendations, clarified that articles 1, 2 (f) and 5 (a) of the Convention read together indicate that the Convention covers sex- and gender-based discrimination against women. The Committee has explained that application of the Convention to gender-based discrimination falls under the definition of discrimination contained in article 1, which points out that any distinction, exclusion or restriction which has the effect or purpose of impairing or nullifying the recognition, enjoyment or exercise by women of human rights and fundamental freedoms is discrimination. Discrimination against women based on sex and/or gender is often inextricably linked with and compounded by other factors that affect women, such as race, ethnicity, religion or belief, health, age, class, caste, being lesbian, bisexual or transgender and other status. Discrimination on the basis of sex or gender may affect women belonging to such groups to a different degree or in different ways to men. States parties must legally recognize such intersecting forms of discrimination and their compounded negative impact on the women concerned and prohibit them. | Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women | General Comment / Recommendation |
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| 2014 | ||
Implementation of article 14 by States parties 2012, para. 39 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | With regard to the obligations in article 14, States parties shall ensure both de jure and de facto access to timely and effective redress mechanisms for members of groups marginalized and/or made vulnerable, avoid measures that impede the ability of members of such groups to seek and obtain redress, and address formal or informal obstacles that they may face in obtaining redress. These may include, for example, inadequate judicial or other procedures for quantifying damages which may have a negative disparate impact on such individuals in accessing or keeping money. As the Committee has emphasized in its general comment No. 2, "gender is a key factor. Being female intersects with other identifying characteristics or status of the person…to determine the ways that women and girls are subject to or at risk of torture or ill-treatment". States parties shall ensure due attention to gender in providing all the elements cited above in the process of ensuring that everybody, in particular members of groups made vulnerable, including lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) people, must be treated fairly and equally and obtain fair and adequate compensation, rehabilitation and other reparative measures which respond to their specific needs. | Committee against Torture | General Comment / Recommendation |
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| 2012 | ||
Diversity in humanity, humanity in diversity 2017, para. 45 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | OHCHR has been instrumental in preparing various reports and studies on violence and discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity. In particular, the publications Born Free and Equal: Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity in International Human Rights Law and Living Free and Equal offer very useful information with global coverage. OHCHR supports the human rights treaty bodies, the universal periodic review and the special procedures in their work and helps to mainstream the issue into a cross-cutting United Nations setting. Together with other partners, it helps to organize the annual International Day Against Homophobia, Transphobia and Biphobia event. Its field presences around the world assist in disseminating information, collecting information and addressing cases where there are violations, with a view to strengthening human rights protection on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity. Its Free and Equal campaign is a broad information campaign, with publications, films and videos raising the profile of sexual orientation and gender identity from the angle of action against violence and discrimination. Particularly popular are the videos Faces, which captures the myriad contributions by lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex persons to families and communities, The Welcome, which provides a human rights message with a Bollywood touch, complete with music, and The Riddle, which examines the abuses facing lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender persons across the globe. | Independent Expert on protection against violence and discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2017 |