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Title | Date added | Template | Original document | Paragraph text | Body | Document type | Thematics | Topic(s) | Person(s) affected | Year |
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Vision of the mandate 2014, para. 28 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | In general, food and nutrition security policies continue to treat women primarily as mothers, focusing on the nutrition of infants and young children or pregnant women, rather than addressing constraints on women’s economic and social participation. Teenage mothers, women without children and women of post-reproductive age with specific nutritional needs are generally not considered within those policies, and this must change | Special Rapporteur on the right to food | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2014 | ||
The right of the child to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health 2013, para. 44 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Exclusive breastfeeding for infants up to 6 months of age should be protected and promoted and breastfeeding should continue alongside appropriate complementary foods preferably until two years of age, where feasible. States' obligations in this area are defined in the "protect, promote and support" framework, adopted unanimously by the World Health Assembly. States are required to introduce into domestic law, implement and enforce internationally agreed standards concerning children's right to health, including the International Code on Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes and the relevant subsequent World Health Assembly resolutions, as well as the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. Special measures should be taken to promote community and workplace support for mothers in relation to pregnancy and breastfeeding and feasible and affordable childcare services; and compliance with the International Labour Organization Convention No. 183 (2000) concerning the revision of the Maternity Protection Convention (Revised), 1952. | Committee on the Rights of the Child | General Comment / Recommendation |
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| 2013 | ||
The girl child 1998, para. g | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | [Actions to be taken by Governments, civil society and the United Nations system, as appropriate:] Recognize and protect from discrimination pregnant adolescents and young mothers and support their continued access to information, health care, nutrition, education and training; | Commission on the Status of Women | CSW Agreed Conclusions / Declaration |
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| 1998 | ||
Comprehensive prevention strategies against sale and sexual exploitation of children 2013, para. 33 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Lack of birth registration is another significant risk factor since it makes a child officially invisible. It also constitutes a barrier to accessing the social services that are critical for prevention, including health and education. | Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2013 | ||
Effective Implementation of the OPSC 2010, para. 40 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | [Poverty takes an especially heavy toll on children, as evidenced by the following figures cited by UNICEF:] 22 million infants are not protected from diseases by routine immunization; | Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2010 | ||
Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population and Development 1994, para. 8.15b | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | [The objectives are:] To improve the health and nutritional status of infants and children; | International Conference on Population and Development | Declaration / Confererence outcome document |
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| 1994 | ||
Women and health 1999, para. 5c | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | [Actions to be taken by Governments, the United Nations system and civil society, as appropriate:] (c) Take specific measures to protect the health of women workers who are pregnant or have recently given birth or are breastfeeding from harmful environmental and occupational hazards, and their children; | Commission on the Status of Women | CSW Agreed Conclusions / Declaration |
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| 1999 | ||
Women and health 1999, para. 2b | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | [Actions to be taken by Governments, the United Nations system and civil society, as appropriate:] (b) Promote and support breastfeeding unless it is medically contra-indicated, as well as implement the International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes and the Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative; | Commission on the Status of Women | CSW Agreed Conclusions / Declaration |
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| 1999 | ||
A world fit for children 2002, para. 45 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | The HIV/AIDS pandemic is having a devastating effect on children and those who provide care for them. This includes the 13 million children orphaned by AIDS, the nearly 600,000 infants infected every year through mother-to-child transmission and the millions of HIV-positive young people living with the stigma of HIV but without access to adequate counselling, care and support. | United Nations General Assembly | Resolution |
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| 2002 | ||
A world fit for children 2002, para. 37.13 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | [To achieve these goals and targets, taking into account the best interests of the child, consistent with national laws, religious and ethical values and cultural backgrounds of the people, and in conformity with all human rights and fundamental freedoms, we will carry out the following strategies and actions:] Improve the nutrition of mothers and children, including adolescents, through household food security, access to basic social services and adequate caring practices. | United Nations General Assembly | Resolution |
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| 2002 | ||
Gender equality in the realization of the human rights to water and sanitation 2016, para. 33 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Quality standards must take into account the fact that the amount of toxic substances to which a person can be safely exposed differs widely depending on the individual. Pregnant women in particular can be at higher risk of waterborne diseases from an intake of contaminated water. Standards on water, sanitation and hygiene quality must take into account the fact that women, especially when pregnant, have a lower tolerance for toxic substances. | Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2016 | ||
Pathways to, conditions and consequences of incarceration for women 2013, para. 52 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Inadequate quantities and poor nutritional value of foods is an issue in many countries. It can result in starvation and malnourishment, including for pregnant or nursing women; it can become a commodity traded for sex; denial of food can be used as a form of punishment; because of limited quantities, it can lead to fights; and the poor quality and nutritional value may endanger the health of inmates, including impacting the ability of mothers to breastfeed babies. | Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2013 | ||
Gender-related killings of women 2012, para. 78 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Female infanticide has been practiced throughout history, on all continents, and by persons from all backgrounds. It remains a critical concern in a number of countries today. It is closely linked to the phenomenon of sex-selective abortion, which targets female foetuses. Female infanticide has been known to take such forms as the induced death of infants by suffocation, drowning, neglect and exposure to danger or other means. | Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences | Special Procedures' report |
|
| 2012 | ||
Work of the mandate and priorities of the SR 2015, para. 89 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | The right to survival relates to the prevention of infant and under-5 mortality. Despite many achievements in the field of medicine, 6 million children under 5 die every year in the world. Those children do not die of unknown or incurable diseases or illnesses; they die because of the conditions in which they and their parents live and poor governance and accountability. | Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2015 | ||
Right to health in early childhood - Right to survival and development 2015, para. 65 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | In this connection, the importance of States' commitments under the global targets for improving maternal, infant and young child nutrition must be underlined. The targets are crucial to establishing priority areas for action and catalysing global change. | Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2015 | ||
Right to health in early childhood - Right to survival and development 2015, para. 35 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Infants and young children are holders of all rights enshrined in the Convention on the Rights of the Child as well as other international human rights treaties. The Convention affords special protection for early childhood in recognition of the important and particular challenges facing this age group and the progressive exercise of their rights, in accordance with their evolving capacities. | Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2015 | ||
Right to health in early childhood - Right to survival and development 2015, para. 14 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Reducing under-5 mortality and morbidity is a critical right to health issue. The Convention on the Rights of the Child provides that taking appropriate measures to diminish infant and child mortality is a central aspect of States parties' obligations in relation to the right of the child to health. The right to health is therefore closely linked to the right to survive of young children. | Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2015 | ||
Right to health in early childhood - Right to survival and development 2015, para. 13 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Nevertheless, the Special Rapporteur in concerned at what he sees as the "the unfinished business" of goal 4, especially the slow progress in reducing preventable newborn deaths and the alarming prevailing rates of stillbirths. | Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2015 | ||
Effects of pesticides on the right to food 2017, para. 26 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Pesticides can also pass through breast milk. This is particularly worrying, as breast milk is the only source of food for many babies and their metabolism is not well developed to fight against hazardous chemicals. Pesticides are also found in baby formula, or in the water with which it is mixed. | Special Rapporteur on the right to food | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2017 | ||
Gender perspectives on torture and other cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment
or punishment 2016, para. 50 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | In many States, children born with atypical sex characteristics are often subject to irreversible sex assignment, involuntary sterilization and genital normalizing surgery, which are performed without their informed consent or that of their parents, leaving them with permanent, irreversible infertility, causing severe mental suffering and contributing to stigmatization. In some cases, taboo and stigma lead to the killing of intersex infants. | Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2016 | ||
Right to food and nutrition 2016, para. 65 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | The protection and promotion of breastfeeding is also enshrined in the International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes, adopted by the World Health Assembly in 1981. The Global Strategy for Infant and Young Child Feeding, adopted in 2002, sets out the obligations of States to develop, implement, monitor and evaluate comprehensive national policies addressing infant and young child feeding, accompanied by a detailed action plan. | Special Rapporteur on the right to food | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2016 | ||
Right to food and nutrition 2016, para. 41 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | In 2011 the WHO Global Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Non Communicable Diseases initiated action to tackle malnutrition comprehensively, including unbalanced nutrition and obesity. In 2012, the World Health Assembly endorsed six global nutrition targets to improve maternal, infant and young child nutrition by 2025. Commitment to reach those targets was reaffirmed at the Second International Conference on Nutrition, held in Rome in 2014. | Special Rapporteur on the right to food | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2016 | ||
Right to food and nutrition 2016, para. 14 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | At the same time, there were 41 million overweight children under the age of 5. If this trend continues, 70 million infants and young children will be overweight or obese by 2025. Economic and cultural factors contribute to childhood obesity. Energy-dense foods are often more affordable and aggressively marketed towards children, while some cultures may associate higher weights in children with being healthy. | Special Rapporteur on the right to food | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2016 | ||
The transformative potential of the right to food 2014, para. 4 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Calorie intake alone, moreover, says little about nutritional status. Lack of care or inadequate feeding practices for infants, as well as poor health care or water and sanitation, also play a major role. As detailed by the Special Rapporteur (see A/HRC/19/59), even when food intake is sufficient, inadequate diets can result in micronutrient deficiencies such as a lack of iodine, of vitamin A or of iron, to mention only the deficiencies that are the most common in large parts of the developing world. Globally, over 165 million children are stunted - so malnourished that they do not reach their full physical and cognitive potential - and 2 billion people globally lack vitamins and minerals essential for good health. Too little has been done to ensure adequate nutrition, despite the proven long-term impacts of adequate nutrition during pregnancy and before a child's second birthday, both in low-income countries where undernutrition is the major concern and in middle- and high-income countries. Moreover, inadequate diets are a major contributing factor to the increase of non-communicable diseases occurring now in all regions of the world. Worldwide, the prevalence of obesity doubled between 1980 and 2008. By 2008, 1.4 billion adults were overweight, including 400 million who were obese and therefore at heightened risk of type 2 diabetes, heart disease or gastrointestinal cancers. | Special Rapporteur on the right to food | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2014 | ||
Eliminating discrimination against women in the area of health and safety, with a focus on the instrumentalization of women's bodies 2016, para. 30 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Discrimination is sometimes manifested in humiliating treatment women that may face in facilities that are dedicated exclusively to them, such as birthing facilities where, as repeatedly stressed by United Nations human rights mechanisms and WHO, they are too often subjected to degrading and sometimes violent treatment. | Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2016 | ||
The right of the child to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health 2013, para. 114a | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | [The element of accessibility has four dimensions:] Non-discrimination: Health and related services as well as equipment and supplies must be accessible to all children, pregnant women and mothers, in law and in practice, without discrimination of any kind; | Committee on the Rights of the Child | General Comment / Recommendation |
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| 2013 | ||
The right to adequate food (Art. 11) 1999, para. 13 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Accessibility encompasses both economic and physical accessibility: Economic accessibility implies that personal or household financial costs associated with the acquisition of food for an adequate diet should be at a level such that the attainment and satisfaction of other basic needs are not threatened or compromised. Economic accessibility applies to any acquisition pattern or entitlement through which people procure their food and is a measure of the extent to which it is satisfactory for the enjoyment of the right to adequate food. Socially vulnerable groups such as landless persons and other particularly impoverished segments of the population may need attention through special programmes. Physical accessibility implies that adequate food must be accessible to everyone, including physically vulnerable individuals, such as infants and young children, elderly people, the physically disabled, the terminally ill and persons with persistent medical problems, including the mentally ill. Victims of natural disasters, people living in disaster-prone areas and other specially disadvantaged groups may need special attention and sometimes priority consideration with respect to accessibility of food. A particular vulnerability is that of many indigenous population groups whose access to their ancestral lands may be threatened. | Committee on Social, Economic and Cultural Rights | General Comment / Recommendation |
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| 1999 | ||
Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population and Development 1994, para. 8.15a | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | [The objectives are:] To promote child health and survival and to reduce disparities between and within developed and developing countries as quickly as possible, with particular attention to eliminating the pattern of excess and preventable mortality among girl infants and children; | International Conference on Population and Development | Declaration / Confererence outcome document |
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| 1994 | ||
Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population and Development 1994, para. 6.5 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | In attempting to address population growth concerns, countries should recognize the interrelationships between fertility and mortality levels and aim to reduce high levels of infant, child and maternal mortality so as to lessen the need for high fertility and reduce the occurrence of high-risk births. | International Conference on Population and Development | Declaration / Confererence outcome document |
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| 1994 | ||
Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action 1995, para. 108i | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | [By Governments, international bodies including relevant United Nations organizations, bilateral and multilateral donors and non-governmental organizations:] Give all women and health workers all relevant information and education about sexually transmitted diseases including HIV/AIDS and pregnancy and the implications for the baby, including breast-feeding; | Fourth World Conference on Women | Declaration / Confererence outcome document |
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| 1995 |