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Title | Date added | Template | Original document | Paragraph text | Body | Document type | Thematics | Topic(s) | Person(s) affected | Year |
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Adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living 2007, para. 3 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Expresses concern at the prevalence of homelessness and inadequate housing, the growth of slums worldwide, forced evictions, the increase in challenges faced by migrants in relation to adequate housing, as well as of refugees in conflict and post-conflict situations, challenges to the full enjoyment of the right to adequate housing caused by the impact of climate change, natural disasters and pollution, insecurity of tenure, unequal rights of men and women to property and inheritance, as well as other violations of and impediments to the full realization of the right to adequate housing; | United Nations Human Rights Council | Resolution |
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| 2007 | ||
African Union Convention for the Protection and Assistance of Internally Displaced Persons in Africa (Kampala Convention) 2009, para. 4 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Women and men as well as separated and unaccompanied children shall have equal rights to obtain such necessary identity documents and shall have the right to have such documentation issued in their own names. | African Union | Regional treaty |
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| 2009 | ||
Agenda setting of the work of the Special Rapporteur 2015, para. 32 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | In addition, several ILO instruments are also of relevance to combating trafficking in persons, including ILO Conventions No. 29 (1930) concerning Forced or Compulsory Labour; No. 100 (1951) concerning Equal Remuneration for Men and Women Workers for Work of Equal Value; No. 105 (1957) concerning the Abolition of Forced Labour; No. 111 (1958) concerning Discrimination in Respect of Employment and Occupation; No. 138 (1973) concerning Minimum Age for Admission to Employment; and No. 182 (1999) concerning the Prohibition and Immediate Action for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labour. Of particular importance is the Protocol to the Forced Labour Convention, 1930 which came into force in 2014, complementing ILO Convention No. 29 and re-enforcing existing international law. The Protocol creates new obligations to prevent forced labour, to protect victims and to provide access to remedy, such as compensation for material and physical harm. It is also supported by a recommendation that provides technical guidance on its implementation. | Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2015 | ||
Article 3: The equality of rights between men and women - replaces GC No. 4 2000, para. 16 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | As regards article 12, States parties should provide information on any legal provision or any practice which restricts women's right to freedom of movement, for example the exercise of marital powers over the wife or of parental powers over adult daughters; legal or de facto requirements which prevent women from travelling, such as the requirement of consent of a third party to the issuance of a passport or other type of travel documents to an adult woman. States parties should also report on measures taken to eliminate such laws and practices and to protect women against them, including reference to available domestic remedies (see general comment No. 27, paragraphs 6 and 18). | Human Rights Committee
| General Comment / Recommendation |
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| 2000 | ||
Article 3: The equality of rights between men and women - replaces GC No. 4 2000, para. 17 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | States parties should ensure that alien women are accorded on an equal basis the right to submit arguments against their expulsion and to have their case reviewed, as provided in article 13. In this regard, they should be entitled to submit arguments based on gender-specific violations of the Covenant such as those mentioned in paragraphs 10 and 11 above. | Human Rights Committee
| General Comment / Recommendation |
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| 2000 | ||
Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action 1995, para. 22 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | One fourth of all households world wide are headed by women and many other households are dependent on female income even where men are present. Female- maintained households are very often among the poorest because of wage discrimination, occupational segregation patterns in the labour market and other gender-based barriers. Family disintegration, population movements between urban and rural areas within countries, international migration, war and internal displacements are factors contributing to the rise of female-headed households. | Fourth World Conference on Women | Declaration / Confererence outcome document |
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| 1995 | ||
Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action 1995, para. 36 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Global trends have brought profound changes in family survival strategies and structures. Rural to urban migration has increased substantially in all regions. The global urban population is projected to reach 47 per cent of the total population by the year 2000. An estimated 125 million people are migrants, refugees and displaced persons, half of whom live in developing countries. These massive movements of people have profound consequences for family structures and well-being and have unequal consequences for women and men, including in many cases the sexual exploitation of women. | Fourth World Conference on Women | Declaration / Confererence outcome document |
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| 1995 | ||
CEDAW - Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women 1979, para. 4 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | 4. States Parties shall accord to men and women the same rights with regard to the law relating to the movement of persons and the freedom to choose their residence and domicile. | United Nations General Assembly | International treaty |
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| 1979 | ||
Challenges and lessons in combating contemporary forms of slavery 2013, para. 22 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Malaysia is currently the world's second largest producer of palm oil. According to a recent report, in order for Malaysia to "meet the growing global demand for cheaply produced palm oil, some producers are relying on forced labor and other forms of modern slavery". Agricultural work is not an attractive form of employment for the majority of Malaysians. Therefore, men, women, and children - primarily from Indonesia and Philippines - migrate to Malaysia in order to work on these plantations. Many of these workers are undocumented, poor and isolated, making them extremely vulnerable to contemporary forms of slavery. The Secretary General of Indonesia's Commission for Child Protection reported that tens of thousands of Indonesian migrant workers and their children had been "systematically enslaved" on Malaysian plantations. The number of Indonesian children in forced labour in Sabah, Malaysia, is estimated to be as high as 72,000. Children born at the plantations are not issued birth certificates, preventing them from attending school and forcing them to stay at the plantations and work. | Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2013 | ||
Conclusion on Protracted Refugee Situations 2009, para. (k) | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Recognizes that protracted refugee situations can increase the risks to which refugees may be exposed and that, in this respect, there is a need to identify and respond effectively to the specific protection concerns of men, women, girls and boys, in particular, unaccompanied and separated children, adolescents, persons with disabilities, and older persons, who may be exposed to heightened risks, including sexual and gender-based violence and other forms of violence and exploitation; and encourages UNHCR and States to pursue age, gender and diversity mainstreaming and participatory approaches with a view to enhancing the safety, well-being and development of refugees and promoting appropriate solutions for them; | Executive Committee of the Programme of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees | ExCom Conclusion |
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| 2009 | ||
Conclusion On Women And Girls At Risk 2006, para. (c) | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Identification and analysis of the presence and severity of these different factors help determine which women and girls are at heightened risk and enable targeted responses to be devised and implemented. Identification can present particular challenges because women and girls are often less visible in displaced populations than men and boys, they may not be or feel able to report protection incidents, particularly if these occur in the private domain. It is therefore important to ensure an enabling environment which supports continuing identification and analysis of the situation. | Executive Committee of the Programme of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees | ExCom Conclusion |
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| 2006 | ||
Conclusion On Women And Girls At Risk 2006, para. (k) iii | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | [The empowerment of displaced women and girls is to be enhanced including by partnerships and actions to:] work with the displaced community, including men and boys, to rebuild family and community support systems undermined by conflict and flight and to raise awareness of the rights of women and girls and understanding of gender roles. | Executive Committee of the Programme of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees | ExCom Conclusion |
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| 2006 | ||
Conclusion On Women And Girls At Risk 2006, para. 3 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Acknowledging that, while forcibly displaced men and boys also face protection problems, women and girls can be exposed to particular protection problems related to their gender, their cultural and socio-economic position, and their legal status, which mean they may be less likely than men and boys to be able to exercise their rights and therefore that specific action in favour of women and girls may be necessary to ensure they can enjoy protection and assistance on an equal basis with men and boys, | Executive Committee of the Programme of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees | ExCom Conclusion |
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| 2006 | ||
Cooperation between the United Nations and the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (2002), para. 16 | Feb 25, 2020 | Paragraph | 9. Also welcomes the documents of the Ministerial Council meeting in Bucharest on enhancing the effectiveness of the human dimension meetings of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, promoting tolerance and non- discrimination, combating trafficking in human beings, improving the situation of Roma and Sinti, and on promoting equal opportunities for women and men and the continued close cooperation between the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights; |
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Detention of migrants in an irregular situation 2012, para. 72g | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | [The Special Rapporteur calls on States to consider progressively abolishing the administrative detention of migrants. In the meantime, Governments should take measures to ensure respect for the human rights of migrants in the context of detention, including by:] Giving particular attention to the situation of women in detention, ensuring that they are separated from men, and attended and supervised only by women officers, in order to protect them against sexual violence, and avoid the detention of pregnant women and breastfeeding mothers; | Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2012 | ||
Developing the Global Compact on Migration 2016, para. 123i | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | [The global compact should:] Ensure a robust gender analysis of the difference in the impacts of policies on men and women, with special attention to the ways in which restrictions on women's mobility as a means of protection violate their rights and create favourable conditions for smuggling networks to thrive, including the use of a gender lens at all stages and in all aspects of the discussion as specific consideration of gender in the context of bilateral agreements, detention/deportation and readmission/repatriation is also crucial; | Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2016 | ||
Equality in marriage and family relations 1994, para. 10 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Migrant women who live and work temporarily in another country should be permitted the same rights as men to have their spouses, partners and children join them. | Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women | General Comment / Recommendation |
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| 1994 | ||
Further actions and initiatives to implement the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action 2000, para. 98b | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Promote and protect the human rights of all migrant women and implement policies to address the specific needs of documented migrant women and, where necessary, tackle the existing inequalities between men and women migrants to ensure gender equality; | United Nations General Assembly | Declaration / Confererence outcome document |
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| 2000 | ||
Gender equality and the empowerment of women in natural disasters 2012, para. 2h | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | [Urges Governments and, where appropriate, United Nations entities, civil society, including non-governmental organizations and the private sector, and other stakeholders to:] Design, implement and evaluate gender-sensitive economic relief and recovery projects, including vocational and technical skills training measures, in order to help ensure equal economic opportunities between men and women, paying attention to eliminating obstacles to women's rapid integration or reintegration into the formal employment sector, owing to their role in the social and economic process, and taking into account the rural and urban migration that natural disasters may provoke; | Commission on the Status of Women | Resolution |
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| 2012 | ||
Gender equality and the empowerment of women in natural disasters 2014, para. 4j | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | [Urges Governments and, where appropriate, United Nations entities, civil society, including non-governmental organizations and the private sector, and other stakeholders:] To design, implement and evaluate gender-responsive economic relief and longer-term recovery projects, including vocational and technical skills training measures, in order to help ensure equal economic opportunities for men and women, paying attention to eliminating obstacles to women's rapid integration or reintegration into the formal employment sector, owing to their role in the social and economic process, and taking into account the rural and urban migration that natural disasters may provoke; | Commission on the Status of Women | Resolution |
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| 2014 | ||
Gender-related dimensions of refugee status, asylum, nationality and statelessness of women 2014, para. 52 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Article 9 (2) of the Convention provides that women are to have the same rights as men to acquire, retain or change their nationality, regardless of marriage and divorce and of what their husbands do with their own nationality. Women are also, according to the Convention, to transmit their nationality to their children under the same conditions as their husbands, whether they are in their own country or abroad. | Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women | General Comment / Recommendation |
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| 2014 | ||
Gender-related dimensions of refugee status, asylum, nationality and statelessness of women 2014, para. 59 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Article 9 of the Convention establishes that women enjoy the rights to acquire, change or retain their nationality and to confer their nationality on their children on an equal basis with men. The Committee has interpreted that this right also applies to spouses. | Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women | General Comment / Recommendation |
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| 2014 | ||
Gender-related dimensions of refugee status, asylum, nationality and statelessness of women 2014, para. 61a | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | [Article 9 (2) of the Convention requires States parties to ensure that women and men have equal rights to confer their nationality to their children. The non-fulfilment by States parties of their obligations under article 9 (2) places children at risk of statelessness. Nationality laws that grant nationality through paternal descent alone infringe article 9 (2) and may render children stateless if:] The father is stateless; | Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women | General Comment / Recommendation |
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| 2014 | ||
Gender-related dimensions of refugee status, asylum, nationality and statelessness of women 2014, para. 61b | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | [Article 9 (2) of the Convention requires States parties to ensure that women and men have equal rights to confer their nationality to their children. The non-fulfilment by States parties of their obligations under article 9 (2) places children at risk of statelessness. Nationality laws that grant nationality through paternal descent alone infringe article 9 (2) and may render children stateless if:] The laws of the father's country do not permit him to confer nationality in certain circumstances, such as when the child is born abroad; | Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women | General Comment / Recommendation |
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| 2014 | ||
Gender-related dimensions of refugee status, asylum, nationality and statelessness of women 2014, para. 61c | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | [Article 9 (2) of the Convention requires States parties to ensure that women and men have equal rights to confer their nationality to their children. The non-fulfilment by States parties of their obligations under article 9 (2) places children at risk of statelessness. Nationality laws that grant nationality through paternal descent alone infringe article 9 (2) and may render children stateless if:] The father is unknown or not married to the mother at the time of the child's birth; | Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women | General Comment / Recommendation |
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| 2014 | ||
Gender-related dimensions of refugee status, asylum, nationality and statelessness of women 2014, para. 61d | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | [Article 9 (2) of the Convention requires States parties to ensure that women and men have equal rights to confer their nationality to their children. The non-fulfilment by States parties of their obligations under article 9 (2) places children at risk of statelessness. Nationality laws that grant nationality through paternal descent alone infringe article 9 (2) and may render children stateless if:] The father has been unable to fulfil administrative steps to confer his nationality or acquire proof of nationality for his children because, for example, he has died, has been forcibly separated from his family or cannot fulfil onerous documentation or other requirements; | Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women | General Comment / Recommendation |
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| 2014 | ||
Gender-related dimensions of refugee status, asylum, nationality and statelessness of women 2014, para. 61e | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | [Article 9 (2) of the Convention requires States parties to ensure that women and men have equal rights to confer their nationality to their children. The non-fulfilment by States parties of their obligations under article 9 (2) places children at risk of statelessness. Nationality laws that grant nationality through paternal descent alone infringe article 9 (2) and may render children stateless if:] The father has been unwilling to fulfil administrative steps to confer his nationality or acquire proof of nationality for his children, for example if he has abandoned the family. | Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women | General Comment / Recommendation |
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| 2014 | ||
Gender-related dimensions of refugee status, asylum, nationality and statelessness of women 2014, para. 62 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Articles 1 to 3 of the Convention also support the right of women to benefit, on an equal basis with men, from naturalization for themselves and their spouses. Discrimination against women in this respect impedes the reduction of statelessness. The same holds true when women are unable to confer their nationality on their stateless spouses. It may also create further risks of statelessness in the case of children born out of such unions. | Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women | General Comment / Recommendation |
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| 2014 | ||
Gender-related dimensions of refugee status, asylum, nationality and statelessness of women 2014, para. 63b | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | [In the light of the foregoing, the Committee recommends that States parties that have not already done so:] Review and reform their nationality laws to ensure equality of women and men with regard to the acquisition, changing and retention of nationality and to enable women to transmit their nationality to their children and to their foreign spouses and to ensure that any obstacles to practical implementation of such laws are removed, in full compliance with articles 1 to 3 and 9 of the Convention; | Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women | General Comment / Recommendation |
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| 2014 | ||
Gender-related dimensions of refugee status, asylum, nationality and statelessness of women 2014, para. 63d | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | [In the light of the foregoing, the Committee recommends that States parties that have not already done so:] Consider permitting dual nationality where women have married foreign men, and for the children born of such unions, especially in situations in which legal regimes providing for dual nationality may lead to statelessness; | Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women | General Comment / Recommendation |
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| 2014 |