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Title | Date added | Template | Original document | Paragraph text | Body | Document type | Thematics | Topic(s) | Person(s) affected | Year |
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CRC - Convention on the Rights of the Child 1989, para. 2e | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | [2. States Parties shall pursue full implementation of this right and, in particular, shall take appropriate measures:] (e) To ensure that all segments of society, in particular parents and children, are informed, have access to education and are supported in the use of basic knowledge of child health and nutrition, the advantages of breastfeeding, hygiene and environmental sanitation and the prevention of accidents; | United Nations General Assembly | International treaty |
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| 1989 | ||
African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child 1990, para. 2h | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | State Parties to the present Charter shall undertake to pursue the full implementation of this right and in particular shall take measures: to ensure that all sectors of the society, in particular, parents, children, community leaders and community workers are informed and supported in the use of basic knowledge of child health and nutrition, the advantages of breastfeeding, hygiene and environmental sanitation and the prevention of domestic and other accidents; | Organization of African Unity | Regional treaty |
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| 1990 | ||
Stigma and the realization of the human rights to water and sanitation 2012, para. 80 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Only by addressing stigma will States be able to fully realize the human rights to water and sanitation, and ensure non-discrimination or the prohibition of inhuman and degrading treatment. Comprehensive and holistic measures to prevent, address and provide for redress in cases of stigma and punish the perpetrators where stigma results in the violation of human rights are indispensable. States must refrain from any activities that perpetuate and institutionalize stigma, and must protect individuals from human rights abuses committed by third parties, including, for example, service providers, the media, community members and family members, that are rooted in stigma as a deeply entrenched sociocultural phenomenon. To that extent, States must act with due diligence. They must go beyond enacting formal legal provisions and take positive action to meet their obligations effectively and make a legitimate and reasonable effort to prevent and combat stigma. | Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2012 | ||
Child slavery in the artisanal mining and quarrying sector 2011, para. 112 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Governments should provide frontier communities with basic services such as potable water and sanitary facilities. Governments should also provide health clinics and ensure that communities can access good-quality health services free of charge or at an affordable price. This would improve family living and health conditions and thereby diminish their expenses and their need to bring children to work with them. | Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2011 | ||
Child, early and forced marriage in humanitarian settings 2017, para. 13 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Also urges States, with the collaboration of relevant stakeholders, to ensure that the basic humanitarian needs of affected populations and families, including clean water, sanitation, food, shelter, energy, health, including sexual and reproductive health, nutrition, education and protection, are addressed as critical components of humanitarian response, and to ensure that civil registration and vital statistics are an integral part of humanitarian assessments and that livelihoods are protected, recognizing that poverty and lack of economic opportunities for women and girls are among the drivers of child, early and forced marriage; | United Nations Human Rights Council | Resolution |
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| 2017 | ||
The girl child 2013, para. 18 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Also urges States to ensure that efforts to enact and implement legislation to protect, support and empower child-headed households, in particular those headed by girls, include provisions to ensure their economic well-being, access to health-care services, nutrition, clean water and sanitation, shelter and education, and inheritance, and that the family is protected and assisted to stay together; | United Nations General Assembly | Resolution |
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| 2013 | ||
Rights of the child: Omnibus resolution 2008, para. 32 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Further calls upon all States to protect children deprived of their liberty from torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment and to ensure that, if they are arrested, detained or imprisoned, children are provided with adequate legal assistance and that they shall have the right to maintain contact with their family through correspondence and visits, save in exceptional circumstances, and that no child in detention is sentenced or subject to forced labour or corporal punishment, or deprived of access to and provision of health-care services, hygiene and environmental sanitation, education, basic instruction and vocational training; | United Nations Human Rights Council | Resolution |
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| 2008 | ||
Rights of the child: Omnibus resolution 2012, para. 30 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Urges all States to intensify their efforts to comply with their obligations under the Convention on the Rights of the Child to preserve the child’s identity, including nationality, name and family relations, as recognized by law, to ensure birth registration of all children immediately after birth, irrespective of their status, through universal, free, accessible, simple, expeditious and effective registration procedures in accordance with article 7 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child and article 24 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, to raise awareness of the importance of birth registration at the national, regional and local levels, to facilitate late registration of birth, and to ensure that children who have not been registered have access without discrimination to health care, protection, education, safe drinking water and sanitation, and other basic services; | United Nations Human Rights Council | Resolution |
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| 2012 | ||
The rights of the child 2013, para. 48 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Also calls upon all States to respect, protect and fulfil the rights of children in emergency situations, including natural disasters, in particular their right to food, safe drinking water and sanitation, education, emergency health care, family reunification, protection and trauma relief; | United Nations General Assembly | Resolution |
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| 2013 | ||
Rights of the child: Omnibus resolution 2012, para. 53 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Calls upon all States to protect children deprived of their liberty from torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, and to ensure that, if they are arrested, detained or imprisoned, children are provided with adequate legal assistance and that they have the right to maintain contact with their family through correspondence and visits from the moment they are arrested, save in exceptional circumstances, and that no child is sentenced or subject to forced labour or corporal punishment, or deprived of access to and provision of health care and services, hygiene and environmental sanitation, education, basic instruction and vocational training, and to undertake prompt investigations of all reported acts of violence and ensure that perpetrators are held accountable; | United Nations Human Rights Council | Resolution |
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| 2012 | ||
The girl child 2015, para. 15 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Also urges States to ensure that efforts to enact and implement legislation to protect, support and empower child-headed households, in particular those headed by girls, include provisions to ensure their economic well-being, including protecting their property and inheritance rights, access to health-care services, nutrition, clean water, including safe drinking water, sanitation and hygiene, shelter and education, and inheritance, and that the family is protected and assisted in staying together; | United Nations General Assembly | Resolution |
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| 2015 | ||
Implementing child rights in early childhood 2006, para. 27b | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | States parties have a responsibility to implement children's right to health by encouraging education in child health and development, including about the advantages of breastfeeding, nutrition, hygiene and sanitation. Priority should also be given to the provision of appropriate prenatal and post natal health care for mothers and infants in order to foster healthy family child relationships, especially between a child and his or her mother (or other primary caregiver) (art. 24.2). Young children are themselves able to contribute to ensuring their personal health and encouraging healthy lifestyles among their peers, for example through participation in appropriate, child centred health education programmes; | Committee on the Rights of the Child | General Comment / Recommendation |
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| 2006 | ||
Common violations of the human rights to water and sanitation 2014, para. 23 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Violations also result from decisions to deprive stigmatized groups, such as homeless people, undocumented migrants, occupiers of informal settlements or prisoners, of water and sanitation as a form of punishment for unlawful or undesired activity. The Special Rapporteur on torture has documented that detainees have been forced to rely on water to drink delivered by their families, or on water from toilets. The Special Rapporteur on water and sanitation has also voiced concerns that limiting access to water and sanitation may be used as a, sometimes excessive, form of punishment for prisoners. In cases of secret detention, Special Rapporteurs and the Council of Europe have expressed concern about detainees being forced to wear diapers, which is "offensive to the notions of dignity". | Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2014 | ||
Common violations of the human rights to water and sanitation 2014, para. 65 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Many cultures have certain prescriptions for women's and girls' behaviour during menstruation which may amount to harmful traditional and cultural practices, violating not only the right to sanitation but, more broadly, women's and girls' human rights and gender equality. In Nepal, the Supreme Court issued an order to eliminate the practice of chaupadi, which forces menstruating women and girls to sleep in isolation from the rest of the family, in a hut or shed, with risks to their health and security. The Court declared that the practice was discriminatory and violated women's rights. It ordered the Government to conduct a study on the impact of the practice, to create awareness and to take measures to eliminate the tradition. | Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2014 | ||
Integrating non-discrimination and equality into the post-2015 development agenda for water, sanitation and hygiene 2012, para. 33 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | The United Nations System Task Team on the Post-2015 Development Agenda has noted that, in developing countries, access to water and sanitation, among others, are much worse for low-income and rural families. Despite progress in poverty reduction in the overall picture, the report argues, major inequalities persist. | Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2012 | ||
Challenges and achievements in the implementation of the Millennium Development Goals for women and girls 2014, para. 42j | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | [The Commission urges Governments, at all levels [...] to take the following actions:] [Realizing women's and girls' full enjoyment of all human rights]: Enact and implement legislation to protect, support and empower child-headed households, in particular those headed by girls, and include provisions to ensure their economic well-being and access to health-care services, nutrition, safe drinking water and sanitation, shelter, education and inheritance, and ensure that these families are protected, supported and assisted to stay together; | Commission on the Status of Women | CSW Agreed Conclusions / Declaration |
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| 2014 | ||
Analysis of two alternative housing policies: rental and collective housing 2013, para. 52 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | A collective organization enables cooperatives to take on complex housing and infrastructure projects that would otherwise not be possible for an individual household. Community funds provide financial and technical support for the purchase of land parcels and communal infrastructure (such as roads, drainage, water and sanitation). The process typically involves negotiations with other stakeholders, such as the original owners of the parcel and the Government. In the Scandinavian model, the "mother" (also known as "parent" or "secondary") cooperative association is responsible for building housing developments, which are then sold to "daughter" (also known as "subsidiary" or "primary") cooperatives. Financial risk for members is limited to their daughter cooperative. | Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2013 | ||
The right to life and the right to adequate housing: the indivisibility and interdependence between these rights 2016, para. 24 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | For women and children victims of domestic violence the home ceases to be the safe haven it is meant to be and becomes the most dangerous place, in some cases leading to their death. Factors such as overcrowded residences, poor habitability and lack of accessible services (water, electricity and sanitation) increase the incidence of domestic violence. Many women in such situations are unable to remove the perpetrator from the house, owing to a lack of family, community and State supports. Further, many women are prevented from leaving violent situations because alternative housing and financial supports are unavailable. Those who do manage to leave home become vulnerable to homelessness and consequently may suffer further violence. | Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2016 | ||
Homelessness as a global human rights crisis that demands an urgent global response 2016, para. 22 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | The humiliation homeless people suffer in their daily lives cannot be underestimated. Take for example, the experience of women who lack adequate sanitation facilities, especially during menstrual cycles, or of families who are treated like "human waste", forced to establish their households on or next to a garbage dump. Homeless people have told the Special Rapporteur, often through tears, that more than any material security, what they yearn for is to be "seen", to be recognized and treated by society as human beings with inherent dignity and respect. | Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2016 | ||
The human rights situation of Roma worldwide, with a particular focus on the phenomenon of anti-Gypsyism 2015, para. 29 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Outside Europe, research indicates that Roma face similar challenges. Living conditions in the Roma villages in central and southern Iraq are reportedly among the most deplorable in the country. Many Roma live in windowless mud houses without electricity, clean water, health care or adequate food, and are cut off from social security services. In Brazil, many Roma settlements reportedly have no electricity and lack access to safe drinking water and sanitation, despite the fact that some families have been living there for over 20 years. | Special Rapporteur on minority issues | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2015 | ||
The right of the child to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health 2013, para. 49 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | States should take measures to address the dangers and risks that local environmental pollution poses to children's health in all settings. Adequate housing that includes non-dangerous cooking facilities, a smoke-free environment, appropriate ventilation, effective management of waste and the disposal of litter from living quarters and the immediate surroundings, the absence of mould and other toxic substances, and family hygiene are core requirements to a healthy upbringing and development. States should regulate and monitor the environmental impact of business activities that may compromise children's right to health, food security and access to safe drinking water and to sanitation. | Committee on the Rights of the Child | General Comment / Recommendation |
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| 2013 | ||
Women’s right and the right to food 2013, para. 26 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Public works programmes are designed to provide employment to families who have no other source of income; remuneration is usually in the form of cash (cash-for-work) or food (food-for-work), or a combination of both. Because the work is demanding and the wages are low (or payment is made in the form of food items), only those in genuine need, who have run out of other options, may seek to enter these programmes, which are therefore self-targeting. Public works programmes may serve to create physical infrastructure (such as irrigation schemes, wells or rural roads) or to deliver environmental services (for instance hillside terracing or other landscape arrangements to facilitate the capture of rain water or the planting of trees) that contribute to long-term development aims. | Special Rapporteur on the right to food | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2013 | ||
Children deprived of their liberty from the perspective of the prohibition of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment 2015, para. 61 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | In addition, many child migrants suffer appalling and inhuman conditions while detained including overcrowding, inappropriate food, insufficient access to drinking water, unsanitary conditions, lack of adequate medical attention, and irregular access to washing and sanitary facilities and to hygiene products, lack of appropriate accommodation and other basic necessities. In some cases, detention centres refuse to keep migrant children with their families also being detained, and have denied migrant children's right to communicate with their families. Such practices effectively isolate child detainees from social support groups. | Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2015 | ||
Common violations of the human rights to water and sanitation 2014, para. 52 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | The Indian Supreme Court ordered schools to provide adequate toilet facilities in schools. Relying on empirical research showing that "parents do not send their children (particularly girls) to schools" wherever sanitation facilities are not provided, the Court found that a lack of toilets violated the right to education. Failure to provide water and sanitation to those deprived of liberty has been addressed by courts and international bodies primarily as constituting cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment. The High Court of Fiji held that prisoners' right to freedom from inhuman and degrading treatment was violated by lack of access to adequate sanitation facilities. The Human Rights Committee has found human rights violations, as have regional human rights bodies, in a number of cases in which prisoners have been denied access to sanitation. | Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2014 | ||
Gender equality in the realization of the human rights to water and sanitation 2016, para. 16 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Worldwide, women perform unpaid jobs - mostly domestic and caregiving responsibilities - three times more than men do. Therefore, as caregivers, women are also more affected when family members get ill as a result of inadequate water, sanitation and hygiene. Women's disproportionate share of unpaid work makes them financially dependent on others and leaves them less time for education and paid work. This again reinforces gender-assigned roles and women's financial dependence on men, including in terms of their ability to pay for water, sanitation and hygiene services. In addition, States do not value or reflect unpaid domestic and care work in economic indicators. Any governmental or civil society approach that seeks to address gender inequalities needs to question existing social norms and develop measures to encourage men to share responsibilities with women. | Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2016 | ||
Service regulation and human rights to water and sanitation 2017, para. 86 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Accountability must be ensured not only in relation to service providers but also in relation to regulatory bodies’ decisions and activities. The International Water Association’s Lisbon Charter emphasizes that regulatory frameworks should establish the necessary mechanisms to ensure accountability and public scrutiny of regulatory bodies. Individuals should have the right to judicially challenge a regulatory body’s decision or regulation that interferes with the enjoyment of their human rights to water and sanitation. The Colombian water and sanitation regulatory commission issued a number of regulations obliging service providers to disconnect water services when there is no payment during a three-month period. However, cases brought before the Constitutional Court by low-income families were ruled in the families’ favour, as they were being deprived of a “minimum essential level of water” due to their inability to pay. | Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2017 | ||
Indigenous children and their rights under the Convention 2009, para. 53 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | States should take all reasonable measures to ensure that indigenous children, families and their communities receive information and education on issues relating to health and preventive care such as nutrition, breastfeeding, pre- and postnatal care, child and adolescent health, vaccinations, communicable diseases (in particular HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis), hygiene, environmental sanitation and the dangers of pesticides and herbicides. | Committee on the Rights of the Child | General Comment / Recommendation |
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| 2009 | ||
Right to health in early childhood - Right to survival and development 2015, para. 61 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | The right to health includes more than health care; it is also the right to the underlying determinants of health, such as nutrition; protection against violence; healthy and safe environments, including in the family environment and local community; health-related information and education; safe drinking water; adequate sanitation; and adequate housing. These and other social determinants of health have an impact on the development of the child. Indeed, the environment is a fundamental determinant of the health and well-being of the child and of the adult. | Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2015 | ||
Multiple and intersecting forms of discrimination and violence against women 2011, para. 30 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Even in contexts where women are able to successfully acquire access to resources such as for example land, they continue to face the challenge of access to other resources for its care. For illustration purposes, we can look at the issue of access to water. Women and their families experience multiple challenges relating to security and health when they have to travel considerable distances and spend several hours a day collecting water, which is often polluted and dangerous to their health and well-being. At the same time they are also at risk of sexual and other forms of violence. Furthermore, with the privatization of water for profit, water has become a commodity for the global market. This is a form of structural violence in that water is being forcibly taken away as a public good, despite the recognition by the United Nations that water is a human right. Such a scenario illustrates both interpersonal and structural violence directly related to survival, bodily integrity and health, as women risk their lives daily for water, which is a basic need. | Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2011 | ||
State obligations regarding the impact of the business sector on children’s rights 2013, para. 19 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | The activities and operations of business enterprises can impact on the realization of article 6 in different ways. For example, environmental degradation and contamination arising from business activities can compromise children's rights to health, food security and access to safe drinking water and sanitation. Selling or leasing land to investors can deprive local populations of access to natural resources linked to their subsistence and cultural heritage; the rights of indigenous children may be particularly at risk in this context. The marketing to children of products such as cigarettes and alcohol as well as foods and drinks high in saturated fats, trans-fatty acids, sugar, salt or additives can have a long-term impact on their health. When business employment practices require adults to work long hours, older children, particularly girls, may take on their parent's domestic and childcare obligations, which can negatively impact their right to education and to play; additionally, leaving children alone or in the care of older siblings can have implications for the quality of care and the health of younger children. | Committee on the Rights of the Child | General Comment / Recommendation |
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| 2013 |