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Title | Date added | Template | Original document | Paragraph text | Body | Document type | Thematics | Topic(s) | Person(s) affected | Year |
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Treatment of Unaccompanied and Separated Children Outside Their Country of Origin 2005, para. 47 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | In ensuring their access, States must assess and address the particular plight and vulnerabilities of such children. They should, in particular, take into account the fact that unaccompanied children have undergone separation from family members and have also, to varying degrees, experienced loss, trauma, disruption and violence. Many such children, in particular those who are refugees, have further experienced pervasive violence and the stress associated with a country afflicted by war. This may have created deep-rooted feelings of helplessness and undermined a child's trust in others. Moreover, girls are particularly susceptible to marginalization, poverty and suffering during armed conflict, and many may have experienced gender-based violence in the context of armed conflict. The profound trauma experienced by many affected children calls for special sensitivity and attention in their care and rehabilitation. | Committee on the Rights of the Child | General Comment / Recommendation |
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| 2005 | ||
Child, early and forced marriage in humanitarian settings 2017, para. 10 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Calls upon States to promote the meaningful participation of and active consultation with children and adolescents affected by humanitarian settings, especially girls, on all issues affecting them, and to raise awareness about their rights, including the negative impact of child, early and forced marriage, through safe spaces, forums and support networks that provide girls and boys with information, life skills and leadership skills training and opportunities to be empowered, to express themselves, to participate meaningfully in all decisions that affect them and to become agents of change within their communities; | United Nations Human Rights Council | Resolution |
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| 2017 | ||
Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action 1995, para. 106q | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | [By Governments, in collaboration with non-governmental organizations and employers' and workers' organizations and with the support of international institutions:] Integrate mental health services into primary health-care systems or other appropriate levels, develop supportive programmes and train primary health workers to recognize and care for girls and women of all ages who have experienced any form of violence especially domestic violence, sexual abuse or other abuse resulting from armed and non-armed conflict; | Fourth World Conference on Women | Declaration / Confererence outcome document |
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| 1995 | ||
Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action 1995, para. 136 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Women and children constitute some 80 per cent of the world's millions of refugees and other displaced persons, including internally displaced persons. They are threatened by deprivation of property, goods and services and deprivation of their right to return to their homes of origin as well as by violence and insecurity. Particular attention should be paid to sexual violence against uprooted women and girls employed as a method of persecution in systematic campaigns of terror and intimidation and forcing members of a particular ethnic, cultural or religious group to flee their homes. Women may also be forced to flee as a result of a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons enumerated in the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and the 1967 Protocol, including persecution through sexual violence or other gender-related persecution, and they continue to be vulnerable to violence and exploitation while in flight, in countries of asylum and resettlement and during and after repatriation. Women often experience difficulty in some countries of asylum in being recognized as refugees when the claim is based on such persecution. | Fourth World Conference on Women | Declaration / Confererence outcome document |
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| 1995 | ||
Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action 1995, para. 133 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Violations of human rights in situations of armed conflict and military occupation are violations of the fundamental principles of international human rights and humanitarian law as embodied in international human rights instruments and in the Geneva Conventions of 1949 and the Additional Protocols thereto. Gross human rights violations and policies of ethnic cleansing in war- torn and occupied areas continue to be carried out. These practices have created, inter alia, a mass flow of refugees and other displaced persons in need of international protection and internally displaced persons, the majority of whom are women, adolescent girls and children. Civilian victims, mostly women and children, often outnumber casualties among combatants. In addition, women often become caregivers for injured combatants and find themselves, as a result of conflict, unexpectedly cast as sole manager of household, sole parent, and caretaker of elderly relatives. | Fourth World Conference on Women | Declaration / Confererence outcome document |
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| 1995 | ||
Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action 1995, para. 125a | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | [By Governments, including local governments, community organizations, non-governmental organizations, educational institutions, the public and private sectors, particularly enterprises, and the mass media, as appropriate:] Provide well-funded shelters and relief support for girls and women subjected to violence, as well as medical, psychological and other counselling services and free or low-cost legal aid, where it is needed, as well as appropriate assistance to enable them to find a means of subsistence; | Fourth World Conference on Women | Declaration / Confererence outcome document |
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| 1995 | ||
Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action 1995, para. 135 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | While entire communities suffer the consequences of armed conflict and terrorism, women and girls are particularly affected because of their status in society and their sex. Parties to conflict often rape women with impunity, sometimes using systematic rape as a tactic of war and terrorism. The impact of violence against women and violation of the human rights of women in such situations is experienced by women of all ages, who suffer displacement, loss of home and property, loss or involuntary disappearance of close relatives, poverty and family separation and disintegration, and who are victims of acts of murder, terrorism, torture, involuntary disappearance, sexual slavery, rape, sexual abuse and forced pregnancy in situations of armed conflict, especially as a result of policies of ethnic cleansing and other new and emerging forms of violence. This is compounded by the life-long social, economic and psychologically traumatic consequences of armed conflict and foreign occupation and alien domination. | Fourth World Conference on Women | Declaration / Confererence outcome document |
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| 1995 | ||
Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action 1995, para. 147f | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | [By Governments, intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations and other institutions involved in providing protection, assistance and training to refugee women, other displaced women in need of international protection and internally displaced women, including the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees and the World Food Programme, as appropriate:] Ensure that the international community and its international organizations provide financial and other resources for emergency relief and other longer-term assistance that takes into account the specific needs, resources and potentials of refugee women, other displaced women in need of international protection and internally displaced women; in the provision of protection and assistance, take all appropriate measures to eliminate discrimination against women and girls in order to ensure equal access to appropriate and adequate food, water and shelter, education, and social and health services, including reproductive health care and maternity care and services to combat tropical diseases; | Fourth World Conference on Women | Declaration / Confererence outcome document |
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| 1995 | ||
Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action 1995, para. 147a | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | [By Governments, intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations and other institutions involved in providing protection, assistance and training to refugee women, other displaced women in need of international protection and internally displaced women, including the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees and the World Food Programme, as appropriate:] Take steps to ensure that women are fully involved in the planning, design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of all short-term and long-term projects and programmes providing assistance to refugee women, other displaced women in need of international protection and internally displaced women, including the management of refugee camps and resources; ensure that refugee and displaced women and girls have direct access to the services provided; | Fourth World Conference on Women | Declaration / Confererence outcome document |
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| 1995 | ||
General Conclusion On International Protection 1997, para. (t) | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Reaffirms its Conclusions No. 39 (XXXVI), No. 54 (XXXIX), No. 60 (XL), No. 64 (XLI) and No.73 (XLIV), and urges States, UNHCR, and other humanitarian organizations, as appropriate, to take all necessary steps to implement these Conclusions, including through recognizing as refugees women whose claims to refugee status are based upon a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons enumerated in the 1951 Convention and the 1967 Protocol, including persecution through sexual violence or other gender-related persecution; by the integration of activities on behalf of refugee women in every aspect of programme planning and implementation; and by taking action to eliminate incidents of violence against women and girls; | Executive Committee of the Programme of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees | ExCom Conclusion |
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| 1997 | ||
General Conclusion On International Protection 2000, para. 3 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Welcoming the continued grant of asylum to large numbers of refugees by many States but deeply disturbed by violations of internationally recognized rights of refugees which include refoulement of refugees, militarization of refugee camps, participation of refugee children in military activities, gender-related violence and discrimination directed against refugees, particularly female refugees, and arbitrary detention of asylum-seekers and refugees; also concerned about the less than full application of international refugee instruments by some States Parties; | Executive Committee of the Programme of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees | ExCom Conclusion |
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| 2000 | ||
Conclusion On Women And Girls At Risk 2006, para. (j) vi | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | [Secure environments are to be established and strengthened, including by partnerships and actions to:] establish and/or implement codes of conduct, including on the elimination of sexual exploitation and abuse, for all humanitarian staff, including those working in the delivery of services and for other staff in authority, such as border guards, and ensure that confidential and accessible complaints systems are in place which include investigation and follow-up, so as to encourage the reporting of abuse and exploitation where codes of conduct are breached. | Executive Committee of the Programme of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees | ExCom Conclusion |
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| 2006 | ||
Conclusion On Women And Girls At Risk 2006, para. (d) | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | In certain cases, the presence of one factor or incident may alone be sufficient to require an urgent protection intervention. In others, the presence of a combination of individual and wider protection environment factors will expose women and girls to heightened risk. In still others, if women and girls have been subjected, for instance, to SGBV in the area of origin or during flight, this may leave them at heightened risk in the place of displacement. Continuing assessment is required to monitor threat levels, as they may change over time. | Executive Committee of the Programme of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees | ExCom Conclusion |
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| 2006 | ||
Conclusion On Women And Girls At Risk 2006, para. 5 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Bearing in mind Conclusion No. 75 (XLV) on internally displaced persons and noting that the protection challenges for internally displaced persons (IDPs) and refugees may differ, that the normative legal frameworks for their protection are different, that humanitarian access to internally displaced persons can be more difficult, that internally displaced women and girls are more likely to be caught in armed conflict and may face specific protection risks as a result and that the responses and solutions available to refugee and internally displaced women and girls may be different, | Executive Committee of the Programme of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees | ExCom Conclusion |
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| 2006 | ||
Conclusion On Women And Girls At Risk 2006, para. (k) i | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | [The empowerment of displaced women and girls is to be enhanced including by partnerships and actions to:] strengthen women's leadership, including by enhancing their representation and meaningful participation in displaced community and camp management committees, in decision making, and in dispute resolution systems, by enhancing their access to and control over services and resources, promoting their rights and leadership skills and supporting implementation of UNHCR's Five Commitments to Refugee Women; | Executive Committee of the Programme of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees | ExCom Conclusion |
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| 2006 | ||
Conclusion On Women And Girls At Risk 2006, para. (e) | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Risk factors in the wider protection environment can arise as a result of and after flight for women and girls and may include problems resulting from insecurity and armed conflict threatening or exposing them to SGBV or other forms of violence; inadequate or unequal access to and enjoyment of assistance and services; lack of access to livelihoods; lack of understanding of women's and men's roles, responsibilities and needs in relation to reproductive healthcare, and lack of understanding of the consequences of SGBV on women's and girls' health; the position of women and girls in the displaced or host community which can result in their marginalization and in discrimination against them; legal systems, which do not adequately uphold the rights of women and girls under international human rights law, including those relating to property; those informal justice practices which violate the human rights of women and girls; asylum systems which are not sensitive to the needs and claims of female asylum-seekers; and mechanisms for delivering protection which do not adequately monitor and reinforce women's and girls' rights. | Executive Committee of the Programme of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees | ExCom Conclusion |
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| 2006 | ||
Conclusion On Women And Girls At Risk 2006, para. (p) iv | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | [Recommended longer-term responses and solutions include partnerships and actions to:] establish mechanisms, where voluntary repatriation for individual refugee women and girls at risk is not a safe option and resettlement is not available, to enable them, where appropriate, to integrate locally and safely in the country of asylum, including by examining possibilities for voluntary relocation elsewhere in the country; for internally displaced women and girls at risk, examine possibilities for allowing them to relocate elsewhere in their own country if they wish and if their safety cannot be ensured where they are; and | Executive Committee of the Programme of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees | ExCom Conclusion |
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| 2006 | ||
Conclusion On Women And Girls At Risk 2006, para. 9 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Reaffirming its call to the international community, in cooperation with UNHCR and other international organizations, to mobilize the financial and other resources necessary, including in support of host communities, to ensure the provision of protection and material assistance, and of durable solutions, based on international solidarity, cooperation, burden and responsibility sharing and the understanding that inadequate protection, or inadequate, inappropriate or poorly distributed assistance can increase the risks women and girls face, | Executive Committee of the Programme of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees | ExCom Conclusion |
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| 2006 | ||
Conclusion On Women And Girls At Risk 2006, para. 2 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Recalling that Security Council resolution 1325 (2000) on women and peace and security and the subsequent Action Plan (S/2005/636) provide an integrated framework for a consolidated international and UN-wide response to this challenge, that Security Council resolution 1261 (1999) and five subsequent resolutions on children and armed conflict, call on governments, parties to a conflict and other organizations, including UN bodies, to take wide-ranging action to protect children in armed conflict and afterwards, and that Security Council resolutions 1265 (1999), 1296 (2000) and 1674 (2006), similarly call on parties to armed conflict to ensure the protection of affected civilians, including women and children, | Executive Committee of the Programme of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees | ExCom Conclusion |
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| 2006 | ||
Conclusion On Women And Girls At Risk 2006, para. (i) i | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | [Identification, assessment and monitoring of risks faced by women and girls in the wider protection environment are to be strengthened by partnerships and actions to:] provide disaggregated data by sex and age; ensure registration on an individual and ongoing basis for refugees, recognizing the need to protect the confidential nature of personal data, and promote mechanisms to identify the internally displaced; strengthen protection monitoring of individuals by working with the community; monitor access to and enjoyment of protection, assistance and services by women and girls; | Executive Committee of the Programme of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees | ExCom Conclusion |
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| 2006 | ||
Conclusion On Women And Girls At Risk 2006, para. (c) | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Identification and analysis of the presence and severity of these different factors help determine which women and girls are at heightened risk and enable targeted responses to be devised and implemented. Identification can present particular challenges because women and girls are often less visible in displaced populations than men and boys, they may not be or feel able to report protection incidents, particularly if these occur in the private domain. It is therefore important to ensure an enabling environment which supports continuing identification and analysis of the situation. | Executive Committee of the Programme of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees | ExCom Conclusion |
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| 2006 | ||
Conclusion On Children At Risk 2007, para. 1 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Recalling its Conclusions Nos. 47 (XXXVIII), 59 (XL) and 84 (XLVIII), specifically on refugee children and/or adolescents, Conclusion No. 105 (LVI) on Women and Girls at Risk, Conclusion No. 106 (LVI) on Identification, Prevention and Reduction of Statelessness and Protection of Stateless Persons, Conclusion No. 94 (LIII) on the Civilian and Humanitarian Character of Asylum, Conclusion No. 98 (LIV) on Protection from Sexual Abuse and Exploitation, Conclusion No. 100 (LV) on International Cooperation and Burden and Responsibility Sharing in Mass Influx Situations as well as all provisions of relevance to the protection of refugee children set out in other Conclusions, many of which are relevant for other children of concern to UNHCR, | Executive Committee of the Programme of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees | ExCom Conclusion |
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| 2007 | ||
Conclusion on Protracted Refugee Situations 2009, para. (k) | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Recognizes that protracted refugee situations can increase the risks to which refugees may be exposed and that, in this respect, there is a need to identify and respond effectively to the specific protection concerns of men, women, girls and boys, in particular, unaccompanied and separated children, adolescents, persons with disabilities, and older persons, who may be exposed to heightened risks, including sexual and gender-based violence and other forms of violence and exploitation; and encourages UNHCR and States to pursue age, gender and diversity mainstreaming and participatory approaches with a view to enhancing the safety, well-being and development of refugees and promoting appropriate solutions for them; | Executive Committee of the Programme of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees | ExCom Conclusion |
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| 2009 | ||
Women in conflict prevention, conflict and post-conflict situations 2013, para. 11 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | There may be cases in which States parties also have extraterritorial obligations of international cooperation, as set out in international law, such as treaty law on women with disabilities (art. 32 of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities), girls in armed conflict (art. 24 (4) of the Convention on the Rights of the Child and the first two optional protocols thereto) and the non-discriminatory enjoyment of economic, social and cultural rights (arts. 2 (1), 11 (1), 22 and 23 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights). In such cases, the extraterritorial application of the Convention requires States to comply with the Convention in implementing those obligations. | Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women | General Comment / Recommendation |
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| 2013 | ||
Women in conflict prevention, conflict and post-conflict situations 2013, para. 53 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | The Committee has previously noted that the Convention applies at every stage of the displacement cycle and that situations of forced displacement and statelessness often affect women differently from men and include gender-based discrimination and violence. Internal and external displacement have specific gender dimensions that occur at all stages in the displacement cycle; during flight, settlement and return within conflict-affected areas, women and girls are especially vulnerable to forced displacement. In addition, they are often subjected to gross human rights violations during flight and in the displacement phase, as well as within and outside camp settings, including risks relating to sexual violence, trafficking and the recruitment of girls into armed forces and rebel groups. | Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women | General Comment / Recommendation |
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| 2013 | ||
Women in conflict prevention, conflict and post-conflict situations 2013, para. 39 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Trafficking in women and girls, which constitutes gender-based discrimination, is exacerbated during and after conflict owing to the breakdown of political, economic and social structures, high levels of violence and increased militarism. Conflict and post-conflict situations can create particular war-related demand structures for women's sexual, economic and military exploitation. Conflict-affected regions can be areas of origin, transit and destination with regard to trafficking in women and girls, with the forms of trafficking varying by region, specific economic and political context and State and non-State actors involved. Women and girls living in or returning from camps for internally displaced persons, refugees or those searching for livelihoods are particularly at risk of trafficking. | Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women | General Comment / Recommendation |
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| 2013 | ||
Women in conflict prevention, conflict and post-conflict situations 2013, para. 23 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | Under the Convention, States parties' obligations to prevent, investigate and punish trafficking and sexual and gender-based violence are reinforced by international criminal law, including jurisprudence of the international and mixed criminal tribunals and the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, pursuant to which enslavement in the course of trafficking in women and girls, rape, sexual slavery, enforced prostitution, forced pregnancy, enforced sterilization or any other form of sexual violence of comparable gravity may constitute a war crime, a crime against humanity or an act of torture, or constitute an act of genocide. International criminal law, including the definitions of gender-based violence, in particular sexual violence, must also be interpreted consistently with the Convention and other internationally recognized human rights instruments without adverse distinction as to gender. | Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women | General Comment / Recommendation |
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| 2013 | ||
Women in conflict prevention, conflict and post-conflict situations 2013, para. 57d | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | [The Committee recommends that States parties:] Provide protection and assistance for internally displaced and refugee women and girls, including by safeguarding them from gender-based violence, including forced and child marriage; ensure their equal access to services and health care and full participation in the distribution of supplies, as well as in the development and implementation of assistance programmes that take into account their specific needs; provide protection against the displacement of indigenous, rural and minority women with special dependency on land; and ensure education and income-generation and skills training activities are available; | Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women | General Comment / Recommendation |
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| 2013 | ||
Women in conflict prevention, conflict and post-conflict situations 2013, para. 57g | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | [The Committee recommends that States parties:] Provide internally displaced and refugee women and girl victims of gender-based violence, including sexual violence, with free and immediate access to medical services, legal assistance and a safe environment; provide access to female health-care providers and services, such as reproductive health care and appropriate counselling; and ensure that military and civilian authorities present in displacement contexts have received appropriate training on protection challenges, human rights and the needs of displaced women; | Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women | General Comment / Recommendation |
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| 2013 | ||
Women in conflict prevention, conflict and post-conflict situations 2013, para. 48 | Aug 19, 2019 | Paragraph | The total breakdown of State public and service provision infrastructure is one of the major and direct consequences of armed conflict, resulting in the lack of delivery of essential services to the population. In such situations, women and girls are at the front line of suffering, bearing the brunt of the socioeconomic dimensions of the conflict. In conflict-affected areas, schools are closed owing to insecurity, occupied by State and non-State armed groups or destroyed, all of which impede girls' access to school. Other factors preventing girls' access to education include targeted attacks and threats against them and their teachers by non-State actors, in addition to the additional caregiving and household responsibilities that they are obliged to assume. | Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women | General Comment / Recommendation |
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| 2013 |