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The exercise of the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association in the workplace 2016, para. 100iii
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur recommends that civil society, including trade unions:] Trade unions specifically target outreach and advocacy at historically disenfranchised worker populations, including the full incorporation of domestic, migrant and informal workers into trade unions and bargain collective agreements;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2016
- Date modified
- Sep 21, 2020
Paragraph
The exercise of the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association in the workplace 2016, para. 22
- Paragraph text
- Millions of informal workers labour in global supply chains, where some of the worst abuses of freedoms of association and peaceful assembly are found and where migrant workers are often concentrated. States often weaken labour rights in order to attract investment, establishing special export processing zones where freedoms of peaceful assembly and of association are either sharply curtailed or explicitly prohibited. States may also use investor agreements as excuses to weaken labour standards.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2016
- Date modified
- Sep 21, 2020
Paragraph
Challenges faced by groups most at risk when exercising or seeking to exercise the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and/or of association 2014, para. 47
- Paragraph text
- Other practices not directly related to the right to freedom of peaceful assembly may also be used as leverage to keep certain groups from freely exercising such right. Those practices include the expulsion of students from universities for participating in peaceful protests (for example, in Chile), the arrest and detention of, and excessive use of force against, peaceful Tibetan students calling for freedom to study the Tibetan language (China), the threat of revocation of residency, refugee or asylum status for participating in peaceful demonstrations, the existence of institutional obstacles that prevent demonstrators from receiving competent legal assistance if charged with an assembly-related crime (including the harassment and intimidation of lawyers who provide such assistance), and the threat of termination of employment (and legal residency status linked to employment in some circumstances) for participating in peaceful protests, for foreigners and migrants.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Civil & Political Rights
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2014
- Date modified
- Feb 14, 2020
Paragraph
The exercise of the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association in the workplace 2016, para. 28
- Paragraph text
- Low-wage migrant workers face severe economic exploitation, social exclusion and political disenfranchisement. They are often denied their freedoms of peaceful assembly and of association because of their irregular status or by structural barriers in legal channels that systematically disempower workers. Exorbitant recruitment fees leave them with unrepayable debt. In the destination country, they are often paid low wages or not paid at all. They are subject to unsafe and unhealthy working and living conditions, and gender-based violence. They are typically without access to health care, leave or other social benefits. Many find themselves trafficked, in conditions of forced labour or slavery, isolated, unpaid, with restricted freedom of movement and no access to justice. Because most migrant workers are effectively barred from forming and joining unions, they are unable to advocate to improve wages and working conditions. Migrants have become a massive, disposable, low-wage workforce excluded from remedies or realistic opportunities to bargain collectively for improved wages and working conditions.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2016
- Date modified
- Feb 14, 2020
Paragraph
Challenges faced by groups most at risk when exercising or seeking to exercise the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and/or of association 2014, para. 39
- Paragraph text
- Problems can arise even in States where the assembly rights of non-citizens are protected by law. The Special Rapporteur has received reports that in Cyprus, for example, some private employment contracts prohibit migrants from engaging in political activity, effectively depriving that group of their right to peacefully assemble (and freely associate). Although provisions contained in private employment contracts do not represent direct restrictions from the State, the State does have an important and pivotal role in prohibiting such restrictions, that is, by rejecting such restrictions as valid contractual terms under domestic law. The Special Rapporteur recalls that Member States have a responsibility to facilitate and protect the right to freedom of peaceful assembly. States should closely examine their role in supporting, even if inadvertently, private restrictions on that right. State mechanisms and institutions must not be used to enable private actors to abrogate fundamental rights.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2014
- Date modified
- Feb 14, 2020
Paragraph
The Special Rapporteur's vision of the mandate 2017, para. 35
- Paragraph text
- In his third report to the Human Rights Council (A/HRC/26/29), in which he assessed the threats against groups most at risk when exercising their rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association, the previous mandate holder focused on the challenges facing groups that were often relegated to the margins of society, both in their daily lives and in the exercise of those rights. In the report, he highlighted the link between the denial of those rights and the marginalization of such groups and how that marginalization exacerbated their inability to effectively exercise their rights. Some of the groups considered to be most at risk were persons with disabilities; youth, including children; women; lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex people; members of minority groups; indigenous peoples; internally displaced persons; and non-nationals, including refugees, asylum seekers and migrant workers. For the purpose of the report, the groups most at risk also included groups and individuals who were targeted not because of their identity, but because they actively lobbied for the rights of those most at risk of discrimination and retribution. He noted that human rights defenders, including journalists, trade unionists and environmental activists, faced considerable opposition, harassment, stigmatization and even physical attacks from State and non-State actors in many countries.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Ethnic minorities
- LGBTQI+
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2017
- Date modified
- Feb 14, 2020
Paragraph
The exercise of the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association in the workplace 2016, para. 98ix
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur recommends that States:] Devoting particular attention to protecting and promoting the assembly and association rights of migrant workers, who by virtue of their immigration status may lack other mechanisms with which to advance their political, social and economic interests;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Civil & Political Rights
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2016
- Date modified
- Feb 14, 2020
Paragraph
The exercise of the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association in the workplace 2016, para. 72
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur welcomes the fact that in Slovenia anyone has the freedom to join a trade union, and that a trade union of migrant workers was established and gained legal personality in February 2016.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2016
- Date modified
- Feb 14, 2020
Paragraph
The exercise of the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association in the workplace 2016, para. 10
- Paragraph text
- The majority of the world's workers, including informal, women, domestic, migrant and agricultural workers and day labourers, are often excluded from national legal protective frameworks, leaving them unable to exercise their fundamental rights to associate or assemble, and without access to remedies when their rights are violated.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2016
- Date modified
- Feb 14, 2020
Paragraph
The exercise of the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association in the workplace 2016, para. 98viii
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur recommends that States:] Ensuring the availability of effective judicial or other appropriate remedies for the violation of peaceful assembly and association rights that are available to all and are not subject to migration status;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Civil & Political Rights
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2016
- Date modified
- Feb 14, 2020
Paragraph
Challenges faced by groups most at risk when exercising or seeking to exercise the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and/or of association 2014, para. 65
- Paragraph text
- The lived experiences of members of groups most at risk may be problematic even where legislation promotes equality and non-discrimination, due to practices that threaten and impede the enjoyment of the right to freedom of association. Such practices can lead to the marginalization of groups already disadvantaged in their exercise of the right to freedom of association. The conditions of work for migrant domestic workers, for example, are often characterized by isolation and dependence. This is reinforced by unfamiliarity with the work environment of the host country and a lack of basic support structures, which then encourage bad practices by employers, such as restricting the freedom to leave the workplace. Women migrant workers face gender-based violence and abuse, and migrant domestic workers in irregular situations are further at risk of deportation. They are therefore even less likely to speak out against exploitation and abuse. In these circumstances, migrant workers are faced with considerable obstacles in their efforts to form associations that cater for their interests. Refugees and asylum seekers find themselves in a similar situation where the fear of their status being revoked has a chilling effect on their ability to mobilize.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2014
- Date modified
- Feb 14, 2020
Paragraph
Challenges faced by groups most at risk when exercising or seeking to exercise the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and/or of association 2014, para. 18
- Paragraph text
- [Various international law instruments point to particular principles and measures that States should adopt in order to achieve non-discrimination and equality. For example, States should:] Contribute to the national, economic and social development processes of internally displaced people.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2014
- Date modified
- Feb 14, 2020
Paragraph
The exercise of the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association in the context of multilateral institutions 2014, para. 90f
- Paragraph text
- [Moreover, the Special Rapporteur calls upon States members of multilateral institutions to:] Facilitate the issuance of visas for those seeking to engage with multilateral bodies based on their territory;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2014
- Date modified
- Feb 14, 2020
Paragraph
The exercise of the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association in the context of elections 2013, para. 15
- Paragraph text
- The significance of equal protection of the rights to peaceful assembly and association in the context of elections for everyone is heightened in the context of elections because of the potential for the exacerbation of vulnerabilities during this period. The Special Rapporteur notes the inclination of actors in the electoral contest to exploit racial, ethnic, religious, political, national or social origin, among other distinctions explicitly prohibited in article 2 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, with a view to excluding opponents. He emphasizes that these rights are guaranteed for everyone on the basis of equality (A/HRC/20/27, para. 13), and that States therefore have the obligation to offer effective protection against discrimination. In the context of elections, any temporary measures designed to enhance the ability of marginalized groups or groups most at risk to exercise their rights, such as women, victims of discrimination because of their sexual orientation and gender identity, youth, persons belonging to minorities, indigenous peoples, non-nationals, including stateless persons, refugees or migrants, and members of religious groups, as well as activists advocating economic, social, and cultural rights, and used as a mechanism to level the playing field, do not constitute discrimination.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- Ethnic minorities
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Youth
- Year
- 2013
- Date modified
- Feb 14, 2020
Paragraph
Best practices that promote and protect the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association 2012, para. 13
- Paragraph text
- Resolution 15/21 reaffirms that "everyone has the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association" (emphasis added). This provision must be read jointly with article 2 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, which stipulates that "each State Party undertakes to respect and to ensure to all individuals within its territory and subject to its jurisdiction the rights recognized in the Covenant, without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status"(emphasis added)., and article 26 thereof, which guarantees to all individuals equal and effective protection against discrimination on grounds identified in article 2. This applies inter alia to minors, indigenous peoples, persons with disabilities, persons belonging to minority groups or other groups at risk, including those victims of discrimination because of their sexual orientation and gender identity (see Council resolution 17/19), non-nationals including stateless persons, refugees or migrants, as well as associations, including unregistered groups. The rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association are key human rights in international human rights law, which are enshrined in article 20 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Ethnic minorities
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
- Date modified
- Feb 14, 2020
Paragraph
The exercise of the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association in the context of multilateral institutions 2014, para. 84
- Paragraph text
- Another issue of concern brought to the attention of the Special Rapporteur by many civil society activists is the inhospitable visa regimes in countries where multilateral organizations are located, such as Switzerland and the United States of America.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2014
- Date modified
- Feb 14, 2020
Paragraph
The exercise of the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association in the workplace 2016, para. 50
- Paragraph text
- The rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association are recognized in numerous international instruments, including the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2016
- Date modified
- Feb 14, 2020
Paragraph
The exercise of the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association in the workplace 2016, para. 101ii
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur recommends that the International Labour Organization:] Enhance policies and programmes to ensure that workers in vulnerable situations, including migrant workers, domestic workers, workers from minority groups and workers in the informal economy, can exercise their rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2016
- Date modified
- Feb 14, 2020
Paragraph
Fundamentalism and its impact on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association 2016, para. 68
- Paragraph text
- Cultural fundamentalism has been described as the belief that certain cultures, languages or traditions are "better" than others. Cultural and national identities are often conflated into notions of cultural and nationalist fundamentalism, for example in the context of immigration. As such, this section covers cultural and nationalist fundamentalisms as largely overlapping concepts.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2016
- Date modified
- Feb 14, 2020
Paragraph
The exercise of the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association in the workplace 2016, para. 98v (a)
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur recommends that States:] Take appropriate measures, including affirmative measures, to ensure that workers in vulnerable situations have the ability to exercise effectively their assembly and association rights. Such measures should include: Improving guest worker programmes to, among other things, eliminate structural barriers, such as coercive conditions of work visas that provide the employer inordinate control over the lives of workers;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2016
- Date modified
- Feb 14, 2020
Paragraph
The exercise of the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association in the workplace 2016, para. 12
- Paragraph text
- Women in the global economy are often relegated to low-paying, low-skills jobs. Persistent gender-based violence suppresses the individual and collective assertion of their rights to resist exploitative/abusive employers or State authorities. Further, certain groups of workers, including women, internal and external migrants, racial, ethnic, religious and sexual minorities, dispossessed rural workers and others, are often disenfranchised from the start by their status, making it more difficult to assert rights.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2016
- Date modified
- Feb 14, 2020
Paragraph
The exercise of the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association in the workplace 2016, para. 82
- Paragraph text
- Even migrant workers who have formal access to inspectors are reluctant to report violations for fear of deportation. In addition, migrants often have no legal rights or access to temporary accommodations to remain in country during legal procedures, thus preventing reporting and participation in legal proceedings. The lack of written contracts in the informal work environment renders it difficult to prove employment.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2016
- Date modified
- Feb 14, 2020
Paragraph
The exercise of the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association in the workplace 2016, para. 98v (b)
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur recommends that States:] Take appropriate measures, including affirmative measures, to ensure that workers in vulnerable situations have the ability to exercise effectively their assembly and association rights. Such measures should include: Removing impediments to freedom of movement and access to justice (for example, provide temporary immigration status while rights violations are being investigated);
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2016
- Date modified
- Feb 14, 2020
Paragraph
The exercise of the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association in the workplace 2016, para. 45
- Paragraph text
- Situated at the intersections of gender, race, migration and informality, domestic workers represent a large component of the global workforce excluded from the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and to association. ILO estimates that 67 million people globally are domestic workers, and 80 per cent of them are women; and that 11.5 million migrant workers are domestic workers, about three-quarters of them women.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2016
- Date modified
- Feb 14, 2020
Paragraph
The exercise of the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association in the workplace 2016, para. 27
- Paragraph text
- Globalization is taking place in the context of the largest migration of people in human history, from rural to urban areas, within countries and across borders. According to recent ILO estimates, the world has 150.3 million migrant workers. An estimated 112.3 million of them (74.7 per cent) are in high-income countries. They migrate to support their families and improve their future, but their lack of rights and agency in the workplace often leaves them, and their children, mired in poverty.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Movement
- Poverty
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2016
- Date modified
- Feb 14, 2020
Paragraph
The exercise of the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association in the workplace 2016, para. 63
- Paragraph text
- States that discriminate or exclude certain groups from protective legislation violate their obligations to respect and protect these rights, as well as the basic principle that these rights should be enjoyed by everyone equally. Authorities may not discriminate against any group or individual on grounds such as gender, immigration or residency status, language, social opinion, race, religion or sexual orientation. Enforcement of migration laws cannot take priority over respect for human rights law.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Movement
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2016
- Date modified
- Feb 14, 2020
Paragraph
The exercise of the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association in the workplace 2016, para. 102i
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur recommends that the United Nations and multilateral financial institutions:] In consultation with trade unions and worker organizations, ensure the promotion and protection of assembly and association rights in their policies and programmes, particularly with regard to policies related to employment, economic development, trade, migration and the rights of specific groups, including women, children, racial/ethnic minorities;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Ethnic minorities
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2016
- Date modified
- Feb 14, 2020
Paragraph
Challenges faced by groups most at risk when exercising or seeking to exercise the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and/or of association 2014, para. 20
- Paragraph text
- [International human rights instruments that protect the rights of particular groups specifically recognize directly or indirectly the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association for those groups:] The International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families guarantees the right to join associations and take part in the activities of associations, but stops short of protecting the right to form associations (art. 26).
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2014
- Date modified
- Feb 14, 2020
Paragraph
Challenges faced by groups most at risk when exercising or seeking to exercise the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and/or of association 2014, para. 20
- Paragraph text
- [International human rights instruments that protect the rights of particular groups specifically recognize directly or indirectly the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association for those groups:] Internally displaced persons have the same rights and freedoms under international and domestic law as other persons in the country and, in particular, have the right to associate freely and participate equally in community affairs.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2014
- Date modified
- Feb 14, 2020
Paragraph
Challenges faced by groups most at risk when exercising or seeking to exercise the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and/or of association 2014, para. 18
- Paragraph text
- [Various international law instruments point to particular principles and measures that States should adopt in order to achieve non-discrimination and equality. For example, States should:] Prohibit the collective expulsion of migrant workers and members of their families and prohibit discriminatory legislation, in particular concerning remuneration, conditions of work and terms of employment;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2014
- Date modified
- Feb 14, 2020
Paragraph